An algorithm for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the integers

We present an algorithm to compute a primary decomposition of an ideal in a polynomial ring over the integers. For this purpose we use algorithms for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the rationals resp. over finite fields, and the idea of Shimoyama-Yokoyama resp. Eisenbud-Hunecke-Vasconcelos to extract primary ideals from pseudo-primary ideals. A parallelized version of the algorithm is implemented in SINGULAR. Examples and timings are given at the end of the article.Comment: 8 page

Mulk Raj Anand and Premchand: Novelists with Same Vision and Ignited Minds

The article endeavors to work out a comparison between the two stalwarts – Mulk Raj Anand and Premchand in English and Hindi Literature respectively. Both are two towering personalities, symbolizing a whole generation of fighters for freedom and social justice. They, the propagators of Gandhism, are socially committed writers and humanists par excellence. Their writings poignantly project an outraged social conscience and realism. Premchand uses literature for the purpose of arousing public awareness about national and social issues and often writes about topics related to corruption, child widowhood, prostitution, feudal system, poverty, colonialism and the Indian movement. On the other hand, M. R. Anand’s novels are deliberately designed to display the suffering and exploit-tation of the peasants and weaker section. Since the domain of their novels is extremely vast, Premchand’s famous novels are Sevasadan, Kayakalpa, Gabon and whereas Coolie, Two Leaves and A Bud and Untouchable are notable works of M. R. Anand. They are the great writers of fiction and the strength of this fiction lies in its vast range, its wealth of live characters, its ruthless realism. Its deeply felt indignation of social wrongs and its strong humanitarian passion

Higher Education and Society

Institutions of higher education, and the system of which they are a part, face a host of unprecedented challenges from forces in society that affect and are influenced by these very institutions and their communities of learners and educators. Among these forces are sweeping demographic changes, shrinking state budgets, revolutionary advances in information and telecommunication technologies, globalization, competition from new educational providers, market pressures to shape educational and scholarly practices toward profit-driven ends, and increasing demands and pressures for fundamental changes in public policy and public accountability relative to higher education's role in addressing pressing issues of communities and the society at large. Anyone of these challenges would be significant on their own, but collectively they increase the complexity and difficulty for higher education to sustain or advance the fundamental work of serving the public good

Material manifestations of an evolving state identity : exploring Norway's relations with the international passport regime from 1920 to present day 2019, and 2020 onwards

The initial idea for this thesis began with my interest in objects, and in their ability to say more than their primary function might suggest. An object that has intrigued me for a long time is the passport. Many IR studies have referred to the passport in relation to topics such as visa and mobility regimes, citizenship and identity, and securitisation. Several of these studies have used the term “regime” when discussing passports, but fail to go further to explain what the term “regime” means. A number of these studies have also used methods that bypass the very material nature of the passport as an object, presenting an inconsistency between the object of study, and the methods used for studying it. This inconsistency forms the point of departure in this thesis. It uses regime theory’s knowledge-based approaches, the concept of identity, and the material culture studies’ methods of object-driven and object-centred analysis, to explore the historical and contemporary development of Norway’s passport regime. The qualitative research methods of semi-structured interviews and archival research supplement a material analysis of Norwegian passports to create an assemblage of knowledge sources. The materiality of the Norwegian passport, in combination with contemporary and historical developments of both the national and international passport regimes, ultimately functions as a material marker of identity differences and similarities between states.M-I

Micromechanical Modelling of Damage Healing in Free Cutting Steel

Continuous casting is used to solidify most of the steel produced in the world every year. The process reduces the number of required milling stages and results in qualitative semi-finished products such as billets, blooms and slabs which will later be rolled into more specific shapes. Extending the range of finished product sizes produced from a given concast bloom or billet section is often limited by the minimum area reduction required to ensure effective consolidation and final mechanical properties. Predicting effective consolidation or level of remnant porosity has always been an important issue for steel producers as it will affect the mechanical properties of final products (strength, ductility, etc.). It is known that partial or complete recovery of strength in such porous materials can be obtained by pore closure and diffusive healing processes at elevated temperature. Devising an appropriate healing process which does not cause discontinuity in the microstructure and mechanical properties at the healing sites and prevents distortion of the component during bonding requires an accurate choice of thermo-mechanical processing parameters. Although there has been considerable work on materials such as titanium alloys, aluminium alloys and copper, damage healing in free cutting steel has not received much attention. The main aim of this research is to develop a realistic damage healing computational approach that can predict damage healing or recovery during soaking under different compressive stress levels, and be used for hot rolling applications. This study investigates the void elimination process through two stages of void closure and healing. An Abaqus/UMAT subroutine has been developed for the analysis of the material porosity elimination process including two stages of void closure and healing. This study uses the Gurson-Tvergaard model under hydrostatic compression to predict the void closure. A novel approach has been developed in the present work to identify the Gurson-Tvergaard model parameters using a non-gradient based optimisation search method (Pattern Search Method). The healing process is modelled based on a combination of diffusion bonding, creep and plasticity following the Pilling model and can be adapted to any other healing/diffusion bonding model. The material model has been calibrated for free cutting steel and a stress state representative of the rolling process, and used to predict the closure and healing processes under rolling. The effect of parameters such as Roll Gap shape Factor (RGF), initial amount and distribution of void volume fraction on porosity elimination during rolling has also been investigated. An experimental technique has been developed to identify the conditions (temperature, pressure, time) required for void elimination in Free Cutting Steel (FCS). Different combinations of load and time were tested and optimum conditions have been obtained. Tensile tests on the bonded specimens have been carried out to measure the strength of the bonded region. The position of fracture on the specimen and also the cross section of the fracture surface have been inspected. The experimental results have been used to calibrate the developed void elimination model. Using the developed model, predictions of densification and healing can be made for optimisation of the rolling schedule.Open Acces

Is Brain Fog a Temporary or Life-long Condition?

In the 1880s, German physician Georg Greiner coined the concept of “brain fog” to describe the cognitive deficits associated with delirium. The term “brain fog” has been used intermittently since then to describe sluggish cognition. It gained popularity again in the 1990s as a way to describe chronic fatigue syndrome and some autoimmune diseases. However, there are no diagnostic criteria for brain fog and it is not a medical condition.1The term “brain fog” describes cognitive difficulties that are increasingly used colloquially. Long-term COVID-19 is characterized by persistent symptoms following a COVID-19 diagnosis that cannot be explained by any other illness. Persistent symptoms following COVID-19 are often described as “brain fog.” Brain fog syndrome, which is associated with excessive academic strain, was revived in the 1960s and was included in the DSM-IV.2As a result of post-COVID-19 infection, residual cognitive impairment (“brain fog”) often interferes with work and daily activities.3 Recent investigations have shown that fungal co-infections significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19