HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS BAWANGAN KECAMATAN PLOSO

(Latar Belakang) Hypertension is defined as a persistent increase in blood pressure above normal blood pressure, systolic pressure more than 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure more than 90 mmHg. Efforts to avoid it, both internal and external therapies are needed, one of which is family support and knowledge, family support is a form of interpersonal relationship that includes attitudes, actions and acceptance of family members, so that family members feel that someone is paying attention to them. Management of hypertension requires familysupport and knowledge of patients in the healing process so that process is going well. (Tujuan) This study aims to determine whether or not there is a relationship between family support and the level of knowledge of hypertensive patients at the Bawangan Health Center, Ploso subdistrict. (Metode) This study is a type of Correlational Non-Experimental research, using aCross Sectional Study design conducted on hypertensive patients using a validatedquestionnaire. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with a sample of 94 hypertensive patients. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test with a significance value (α) of 0.05. (Hasil dan Kesimpulan) The results obtained are a picture of family support for hypertensive patients as much as 84% get good family support, 14.9% get enough family support and the last with less family support as much as 1.1%. In this study,a picture of the level of knowledge of hypertensive patients was also obtained as much as 93.6% had good knowledge, 5.3% had sufficient knowledge, and 1.1% had insufficient knowledge. The results of data analysis using chi-square showed that there was a relationship between family support and the level of knowledge ofhypertensive patients (p=0.000)

Riemannian consensus for manifolds with bounded curvature

Consensus algorithms are popular distributed algorithms for computing aggregate quantities, such as averages, in ad-hoc wireless networks. However, existing algorithms mostly address the case where the measurements lie in Euclidean space. In this work we propose Riemannian consensus, a natural extension of existing averaging consensus algorithms to the case of Riemannian manifolds. Unlike previous generalizations, our algorithm is intrinsic and, in principle, can be applied to any complete Riemannian manifold. We give sufficient convergence conditions on Riemannian manifolds with bounded curvature and we analyze the differences with respect to the Euclidean case. We test the proposed algorithms on synthetic data sampled from the space of rotations, the sphere and the Grassmann manifold.This work was supported by the grant NSF CNS-0834470. Recommended by Associate Editor L. Schenato. (CNS-0834470 - NSF

Rank discriminants for predicting phenotypes from RNA expression

Statistical methods for analyzing large-scale biomolecular data are commonplace in computational biology. A notable example is phenotype prediction from gene expression data, for instance, detecting human cancers, differentiating subtypes and predicting clinical outcomes. Still, clinical applications remain scarce. One reason is that the complexity of the decision rules that emerge from standard statistical learning impedes biological understanding, in particular, any mechanistic interpretation. Here we explore decision rules for binary classification utilizing only the ordering of expression among several genes; the basic building blocks are then two-gene expression comparisons. The simplest example, just one comparison, is the TSP classifier, which has appeared in a variety of cancer-related discovery studies. Decision rules based on multiple comparisons can better accommodate class heterogeneity, and thereby increase accuracy, and might provide a link with biological mechanism. We consider a general framework ("rank-in-context") for designing discriminant functions, including a data-driven selection of the number and identity of the genes in the support ("context"). We then specialize to two examples: voting among several pairs and comparing the median expression in two groups of genes. Comprehensive experiments assess accuracy relative to other, more complex, methods, and reinforce earlier observations that simple classifiers are competitive.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS738 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Klinik Kecantikan Pada Rathu Beauty Care

Beauty clinics compete to gain the trust of consumers by using the services of a beauty doctor. The current development of technology, the use of technology is one of the recommendations for how to help Rathu Beauty Care's business processes. Through the use of current technology, applications can be built that in the future are expected to be able to help employees, doctors, and consumers at the Rathu Beauty Care clinic. The research method used by researchers to design this system is the SDLC Waterfall Method. In learning design, it is necessary to adjust the selection of design models to the system to be designed. This application helps consumers to order products online. This application helps employees to manage consumer data in terms of deleting, modifying and managing transaction reports. This application helps consumers and doctors in terms of question and answer online consultations

MEANS AND AVERAGING ON RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS

Processing of manifold-valued data has received considerable attention in recent years. Standard data processing methods are not adequate for such data. Among many related data processing tasks finding means or averages of manifold-valued data is a basic and important one. Although means on Riemannian manifolds have a long history, there are still many unanswered theoretical questions about them, some of which we try to answer. We focus on two classes of means: the Riemannian $L^{p}$ mean and the recursive-iterative means. The Riemannian $L^{p}$ mean is defined as the solution(s) of a minimization problem, while the recursive-iterative means are defined based on the notion of Mean-Invariance (MI) in a recursive and iterative process. We give a new existence and uniqueness result for the Riemannian $L^{p}$ mean. The significant consequence is that it shows the local and global definitions of the Riemannian $L^{p}$ mean coincide under an uncompromised condition which guarantees the uniqueness of the local mean. We also study smoothness, isometry compatibility, convexity and noise sensitivity properties of the $L^{p}$ mean. In particular, we argue that positive sectional curvature of a manifold can cause high sensitivity to noise for the $L^{2}$ mean which might lead to a non-averaging behavior of that mean. We show that the $L^{2}$ mean on a manifold of positive curvature can have an averaging property in a weak sense. We introduce the notion of MI, and study a large class of recursive-iterative means. MI means are related to an interesting class of dynamical systems that can find Riemannian convex combinations. A special class of the MI means called pairwise mean, which through an iterative scheme called Perimeter Shrinkage is related to cyclic pursuit on manifolds, is also studied. Finally, we derive results specific to the special orthogonal group and the Grassmannian manifold, as these manifolds appear naturally in many applications. We distinguish the $2$-norm Finsler balls of appropriate radius in these manifolds as domains for existence and uniqueness of the studied means. We also introduce some efficient numerical methods to perform the related calculations in the specified manifolds

Role of Wnt signalling pathway in mechanotransduction pathway in SV-40 immortalised human chondrocyte cell lines

The mechanotransduction pathway in chondrocytes is facilitated by a αSßI mechanoreceptor at the cell surface and involves tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, focal adhesion kinase and ß catenin. The availability of ß-catenin at the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus plays a key part in the process of mesenchymal condensation during chondrogenesis, which is regulated by Wnt signalling and interaction with other signalling pathways. GSK3ß (glycogen synthase kinase 3ß), is a key mediator in the Wnt pathway and is involved in regulating ß catenin cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution. Wnt binds to its receptor Frizzled (Fz) and subsequent canonical signalling leads to inhibition of GSK3ß, and cytoplasmic accumulation of ß catenin. This, in turn, promotes ß catenin binding to LEF/TCF transcription factors and induction of target gene expression. In the absence of a Wnt signal, GSK3p, as a part of an axin and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) complex, phosphorylates ß catenin and induces its degradation via the ubiquitin/ proteosome pathway.This thesis has set out to investigate whether Wnt pathway components are expressed in human chondrocyte cell lines and to explore whether the Wnt pathway plays any role in mechanotransduction pathway in chondrocytes.Using RT-PCR, cloning, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy it was for the first time demonstrated that the Wnt signalling components,Wnt-l, Fz-2, Fzrp and ß catenin were expressed in human chondrocyte cell lines. Using confocal microscopy, 7 fibronectin and CD44 were identified in association with chondrocyte Wnt-Fz complexes, suggesting that they may be coreceptors necessary for transducing Wnt signals intracellularly. A kinase assay demonstrated that GSK3ß activity is increased following 40 minute ofmechanical stimulation and that a phosphoinositol-3 OHkinase (PI3K) inhibitor decreased the activity ofthis kinase. A Wnt agonist, Lithium, on the other hand, increased the GSK3ß activity following 20 and 60 minute of mechanical stimulation. Western blotting suggested that in this study the formation of GSK3ß/ß catenin complexes were induced in the presence of Lithium and mechanical stimulation delayed this process. However, this evidence of the complex formation ofGSK3ß with ß catenin in Western blots was not supported by preliminary analysis of densitometric data and further investigation is required to confirm these findings.The results indicate that Wnt signalling components are expressed in chondrocyte cell lines and may be involved in mechanical signalling in these cells. However, the induction ofGSK3ß activity following mechanical stimulation was mediated by a PI3K dependent pathway rather than a Wnt pathway. This, in turn, may influence the stabilisation of GSK3ß/ßcatenin complex following recruitment of activated protein kinase B (PKB)by PI3K and phosphorylation of GSK3ß. These, in turn, control the cytoplasmic/nuclear distribution of ß-catenin which affects the regulation of downstream target genes such as CD44, fibronectin and some metalloproteinases. CD44 and fibronectin are essential components of cartilage, which are involved in matrix assembly and the maintenance of cartilage integrity