Pojavnost genskog polimorfizma receptora 2039A>G folikularno stimulirajućeg hormona i rizik muške neplodnosti u albanskoj populaciji

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of allele and genotype variants of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphic region at position Asn680Ser in the Albanian male population and associate them with the clinical parameters of infertility. The study included 114 infertile men (mean age 35.04±5.85 years) stratified according to the level of spermatogenetic impairment (oligoasthenozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and normospermia) and 112 fertile men (mean age 36.44±7.05 years) with normal semen parameters. Genotyping of the FSHR gene at position 680 was performed by TaqMan genotyping assay. All the participants underwent semen analysis, and serum reproductive hormones (FSH, luteinizing hormone, prolactin and testosterone) were also measured. The FSHR Asn680Ser genotype frequencies were as follows: Asn/Ser 42%, Ser/Ser 33.9% and Asn/Asn 24.1% in the control group, and Asn/Ser 56.1%, Ser/Ser 22.8% and Asn/Asn 21.1% in the whole group of infertile men (χ2-test: P=0.08). There was no statistically significant correlation between serum hormone levels and semen characteristics or between fertility status and FSHR Asn680Ser gene variants in the control group and the group of infertile men. However, adjusted logistic regression analysis (age, body mass index, smoking and alcohol as covariates) revealed increased odds ratio for male infertility among heterozygous Asn/Ser genotype carriers associated with lower values of semen parameters (normal morphology, concentration, total sperm count and motility). In conclusion, our case-control study further confirmed previous reports on no significant association between the FSHR Asn680Ser polymorphisms and male infertility. Nevertheless, the data presented herein indicate that the Asn/Ser genotype may increase the risk of male infertility in Albanian population.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je odrediti pojavnost alela i varijante genotipa receptora folikularno stimulirajućeg hormona (FSHR) na poziciji Asn680Ser kod muškaraca albanske populacije u odnosu na kliničke parametre neplodnosti. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 114 neplodnih muškaraca (srednja dob 35,04±5,85 godina) svrstanih prema razini oštećenja spermiograma (oligoastenozoospermija, astenozoospermija i normospermija) te 112 plodnih muškaraca (srednja dob 36,44±7,05 godina) s urednim nalazom spermiograma. Genotipizacija gena FSHR na poziciji 680 učinjena je primjenom TaqMan probe. Kod svih sudionika istraživanja učinjena je analiza sjemena i reprodukcijskih hormona uključujući FSH, luteinizirajući hormon, prolaktin i testosteron. U kontrolnoj skupini ispitanika kod FSHR Asn680Ser genotipa utvrđena pojavnost Asn/Ser bila je 42%, Ser/Ser 33,9% i Asn/Asn 24,1%, dok se u skupini neplodnih ispitanika incidencija kretala od 56,1% za Asn/Ser, 22,8% za Ser/Ser i 21,1% za Asn/Asn (χ2-test; p=0,08). Nije ustanovljena značajna statistička povezanost između razine hormona, karakteristika sjemena, stanja plodnosti u varijanti gena FSHR Asn680Ser u kontrolnoj skupini u odnosu na ispitanike u skupini neplodnih muškaraca. Ipak, primjenom prilagođene, logističke i regresijske analize (dob, indeks tjelesne mase, pušenje i alkohol kao kovarijable) utvrđeno je da postoji veća vjerojatnost javljanja muške neplodnosti kod nositelja heterozigota Asn/Ser koji su povezani sa sniženim vrijednostima parametara sjemena (morfologija, koncentracija, ukupan broj i pokretljivost). Zaključno možemo utvrditi da ovo istraživanje potvrđuje ranija izvješća kako ne postoji značajna povezanost između polimorfizma FSHR Asn680Ser i muške neplodnosti. Ipak, navedeni podaci upućuju na to da Asn/Ser genotip može povisiti rizik muške neplodnosti u albanskoj populaciji

ANTISPERM ANTIBODY AND MALE INFERTILITY

Introduction: Antisperm antibody (ASA) in men cause autoimmune disease, respectively, immune infertility. DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands in pieces. DNA fragmentation testing is a type of male fertility test that measures the percentage of damaged DNA in a sperm sample. Aim: The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ASA and their incidence in male infertility with unknown etiology, as well as to evaluate the correlation between ASA and the percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation. Methods: The study included 61 men with unknown infertility and 39 males control. Evaluation of the presence of antisperm antibody in the semen resulted in a direct mixed anti globulin (MAR) reaction and sperm DNA fragmentation with the Halosperm Halotech DNA, Madrid, Spain, test based on SCD technique, based on DNA-denatured. Results: In the MAR test, 21.68 % of infertile men with unknown etiology were positive for ASA. Only one case was found in fertile male with positive ASA. Results of the DNA fragmentation index (DFI %) did not have a positive correlation with the ASA presence percentage in patients with positive test MAR. Conclusions: Results show that antisperm antibody (ASA) are involved in decreased fertility in vivo conditions in patients with positive test MAR. DNA Fragmentation Index Results (% DFI %) did not show genetic damage to the spermatozoa in these cases with immune infertility. Key words: Antisperm antibody, male infertility, Sperm DNA fragmentation (DFI), MAR test

Anti-sperm antibodies reduce male fertility, but do not increase dna fragmentation in spermatozoa

Anti-spermatic antibodies (ASAs) in men cause autoimmune disease, respectively, immune infertility. DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands in pieces. DNA fragmentation analysis into male sperm unknown infertility is a valid and quite safe test to determine the degree of male infertility.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ASA and their incidence in male infertility with unknown etiology as well as to evaluate the correlation between ASA and the percentage of DNA fragmentation in the sperm. Methods: The study included 55 males with unknown infertility and 34 males with children as a control. Evaluation of the presence of sperm antibody sperm in semen resulted in a direct mixed blend of anti-globulin (MAR) and sperm DNA fragmentation with the Halosperm® test based on SCD technique based on DNA denaturation.Results: In the MAR test, 13.8% of infertile men with unknown etiology were positive for ASA. No positive was found in fertile people. Results of the DNA Fragmentation Index (% DFI:% sperm cells containing damaged DNA) did not have a positive correlation with the ASA presence percentage in patients with positive test MAR.Conclusions: Results show that anti-spasm antibodies (ASAs) are involved in decreasing in vivo fertility in patients with positive test MAR. Results of the DNA fragmentation index (% DFI:% sperm cells containing damaged DNA) did not indicate genetic damage to the sperm in these cases with immune deficiency

Biochemical, hematological and coagulation analyzes in patients with covid 19 disease

Introduction: Pathological analyzes of routine hematological, coagulation and biochemical tests enable the identification of patients with a poor prognosis and the early detection of complications of the COVID-19 disease. Analyzes must be interpreted in the context of the overall clinical picture of an individual patient, and monitoring changes at the level of individual parameters is also extremely important. Materials and methods: A categorized and comprehensive literature search was conducted from 20 May 2021 to 25 July 2022 using international databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library in accordance with guideline recommendations to PRISMA. The PICO strategy was used to formulate the research question. The following terms were used: biochemical parameters in COVID-19, hematological parameters in COVID-19, blood coagulation parameters in COVID-19, indicators of inflammation, indicators of tissue damage in SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Due to insufficient specificity, routine hematological, coagulation and biochemical tests are not used for the established diagnosis of the disease COVID-19, but are mainly used to assess the severity of the disease and to monitor the course of the disease and the effect of treatment

Incidence of oral diseases with microorganisms causing sexually transmitted diseases

Introduction: During oral-genital intercourse, especially if the contact is prolonged, oral and genital secretions can be transferred from one person to another. In this way, microorganisms that require very specific favorable conditions for reproduction and that would otherwise not be able to survive in less direct modes of transmission (eg T. pallidum, herpes simplex virus) can be successfully transmitted. After the discovery of the HIV virus, there is a great interest in the non-sexual mode of transmission of such infections. The main categories of sexually transmitted diseases of importance to the oral cavity are bacterial (including chlamydial), viral and fungal diseases. Considering the frequent manifestations in the oral cavity, interest in diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis B and C and HIV. Objective: Using the literature published in this field, the authors prepare this paper to describe the etiology, the clinical overview of diseases caused by the transmission of infection during intimate contact between the oral cavity and genital organs. Methods: A comprehensive literature search using international literature from databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. Conclusion: Oral manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases are rare or rarely encountered in specialized practice in a small country such as the Republic of Kosovo. Dentists are the first to see and diagnose venereal diseases of the mouth. Such a role would mean a change in the traditional activity model of the dentist, for which perhaps neither the dentist nor his patient is ready today, either for cultural reasons or because of the traditional perception of the dental profession. Recommendation: For the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases that enter the oral cavity, it is recommended that oral medicine specialists work as part of a multidisciplinary team, together with an infectious disease specialist, dermatovenerologist, urologist, gynecologist and microbiologist, to establish the diagnosis of correctly and treating the patient

Variation of serum PSA levels in male COVID-19 infected patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Objective: To investigate the effect of SARS CoV-2 on serum total PSA levels in men with BPH diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: PSA levels were measured with Cobas E 411, in patients who had a PSA control at least 3 months, but not more than 6 months, before the diagnosis of acute infection COVID-19, were examined retrospectively. PSA levels were measured and recorded from these patients on the first day of diagnosis of COVID-19. These patients were called back for outpatient urology follow-up at the third month after completion of treatment for COVID-19. PSA levels measured in the period before COVID-19, during the period of active infection with COVID-19 and in the period after COVID-19 were compared. Results: In total, 31 patients had a serum PSA level of 1.58 +-1.09 ng/ml in the pre-COVID-19 period, a serum PSA level of 4.34 +- 3.78 ng/ml mL measured in the period of COVID-19 and 2.09 +-2.70 ng. /mL in the post-COVID-19 period. It was determined that the serum PSA level measured during active COVID-19 infection was statistically significantly higher than the PSA levels measured according to the period before COVID-19 and the period after COVID-19 (P \u3c .001, P \u3c .001 respectively). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection in men diagnosed with BPH causes significant increases in PSA levels during the active period of the disease