Experience in application of antierosion geo-compositional systems for sustainable development of recreational and sports facilities

In this article basic results of theoretical and experimental research and monitoring data are given, which make it possible to demonstrate the need of woodland conservancy construction on recreational and sports facilities. The undertaken study demonstrated the effectiveness of the usage of geo-compositional systems, allowing to achieve topsoil stability on the surface of a slope, to establish favorable conditions for development of plant root system and to slow down overland flow. The usage of such systems is directed to achieve sustainable development of recreational and sports complexes as natural-industrial systems. The photographs of the objects are presented

Analysis of Intracellular Trafficking and Interactions of Cytoplasmic HIV-1 Rev Mutants in Living Cells

AbstractThe HIV-1 Rev protein is an essential nuclear regulatory viral protein. Rev mutants that are able to block wild-type (WT) Rev activityin transhave been reported and used in antiviral approaches. Not only nuclear but also cytoplasmic Rev mutants were described and suspected to be transdominant by retaining WT Rev in the cytoplasm. To investigate their potential for cytoplasmic retention, we studied the localization, trafficking, and interactions of cytoplasmic Rev mutants containing mutations in the N-terminal multifunctional domain. Using a novel dual-color autofluorescent protein-tagging system, we found that coexpression of the nucleolar blue-tagged WT Rev protein together with green-labeled cytoplasmic Rev mutants did not result in the retention of WT Rev in the cytoplasm but, on the contrary, in colocalization of the mutants to the nucleolus. A combination of mutations abolished the interaction with WT Rev, defining two domains important for Rev protein interaction. The identified domains were also essential for specific Rev responsive element (RRE) RNA binding and nuclear retention. Inactivation of the nuclear export signal shifted the steady-state distribution of the mutants from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, indicating their capability for nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. The cytoplasmic mutants were not transdominant compared to the nuclear mutant RevM10BL. These results emphasize that efficient oligomerization with WT Rev combined with RRE-specific RNA binding are prerequisites for effective transdominance

Abstract P-27: The 30S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly Factor Rbfa Plays a Key Role in the Formation of the Central Pseudoknot and in the Correct Docking of Helix 44 of the Decoding Center

Background: Ribosome biogenesis is a complicated multi-stage process. In the cell, 30S ribosomal subunit assembly is fast and efficient, proceeding with the help of numerous assembly protein factors. The exact role of most assembly factors and mechanistic details of their operation remain unclear. The combination of genetic modification with cryo-EM analysis is widely used to identify the role of protein factors in assisting specific steps of the ribosome assembly process. The strain with knockout of a single assembly factor gene accumulates immature ribosomal particles which structural characterization reveals the information about the reactions catalyzed by the corresponding factor. Methods: We isolated the immature 30S subunits (pre-30S subunits) from the Escherichia coli strain lacking the rbfA gene (ΔrbfA) and characterized them by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Results: Deletion of the assembly factor RbfA caused a substantial distortion of the structure of an important central pseudoknot which connects three major domains of 30S subunit and is necessary for ribosome stability. It was shown that the relative order of the assembly of the 3′ head domain and the docking of the functionally important helix 44 depends on the presence of RbfA. The formation of the central pseudoknot may promote stabilization of the head domain, likely through the RbfA-dependent maturation of the neck helix 28. The cryo-EM maps for pre-30S subunits were divided into the classes corresponding to consecutive assembly intermediates: from the particles with completely unresolved head domain and unfolded central pseudoknot to almost mature 30S subunits with well-resolved body, platform, and head domains and with partially distorted helix 44. Cryo-EM analysis of ΔrbfA 30S particles revealing the accumulation of two predominant classes of early and late intermediates (obtained at 2.7 Å resolutions) allowed us to suggest that RbfA participate in two stages of the 30S subunit assembly and is deeper involved in the maturation process than previously thought. Conclusion: In summary, RbfA acts at two distinctive 30S assembly stages: early formation of the central pseudoknot including the folding of the head, and positioning of helix 44 in the decoding center at a later stage. An update to the model of factor-dependent 30S maturation was proposed, suggesting that RfbA is involved in most of the subunit assembly process

Characteristics of insulin therapy of diabetes mellitus type 1 in children and adolescents receiving glucocorticoids

BACKGROUND: In coexistence of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) with severe autoimmune and inflammatory diseases some patients need simultaneous administration of insulin and glucocorticoids (GC). GC therapy in patients with DM1 can worsen glycemic control. AIM: To determine characteristics of insulin therapy of DM1 in children and adolescents receiving GC. DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASES: We observed 5 patients with DM1 receiving GC for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), ulcerative colitis (UC), and reactive arthritis (RA). Intra-articular administration of GC did not significantly influence glycemic control. In case of GC pulse therapy hyperglycemia and increased insulin requirements were recognized in 3–6 hours after GC receipt, persisted from few hours up to 3 days after each administration. While therapy with oral GC in high doses the worst glycemic control was registered in daylight hours. To overcome insulin resistance change of time of injection and 10%-increase of long-acting insulin analogue, additional injections of ultrashort-acting insulin analogues, temporal prescription of short-acting human insulin were used. While GC therapy insulin daily dose was individual and could reach 2.0 U/kg. After transition to maintaining doses of GC or discontinuation of GC therapy patients returned to standard or relatively low insulin requirements. Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin differed significantly among patients at different stages of treatment, were maximal while long-term therapy with high doses of oral GC, but mostly depended on patient’s compliance. CONCLUSION: Bettering of glycemic control while receiving GC can be reached by timely dose correction of insulin therapy, selection of individual schemes, taking into account time of receipt and pharmacokinetic characteristics of GC. Adherence of the patient and his family to treatment of DM1 plays an important role in glycemic control

Quantitative analysis of ribosome–mRNA complexes at different translation stages

Inhibition of primer extension by ribosome–mRNA complexes (toeprinting) is a proven and powerful technique for studying mechanisms of mRNA translation. Here we have assayed an advanced toeprinting approach that employs fluorescently labeled DNA primers, followed by capillary electrophoresis utilizing standard instruments for sequencing and fragment analysis. We demonstrate that this improved technique is not merely fast and cost-effective, but also brings the primer extension inhibition method up to the next level. The electrophoretic pattern of the primer extension reaction can be characterized with a precision unattainable by the common toeprint analysis utilizing radioactive isotopes. This method allows us to detect and quantify stable ribosomal complexes at all stages of translation, including initiation, elongation and termination, generated during the complete translation process in both the in vitro reconstituted translation system and the cell lysate. We also point out the unique advantages of this new methodology, including the ability to assay sites of the ribosomal complex assembly on several mRNA species in the same reaction mixture

Anti-erosion protection for recreational and sports facilities

Development of natural lands for recreational purposes generates an increasing human impact. The monitoring results show development of slope erosion processes on the surface of slopes, which can generate gullies and landslides, impeding a sustainable land development and requiring additional operational costs at recreational and sports facilities. The article contains the basic results of a theoretical and experimental research and the monitoring data, which will allow us to justify the design of anti-erosion protection at recreational and sports facilities. The research has shown the efficiency of the use of geocomposite systems represented by a combination of structural elements and a biotic constituent. The efficiency of such approach is proven by the geotechnical monitoring data on specific facilities situated in Moscow Region

Anti-erosion protection for recreational and sports facilities

Development of natural lands for recreational purposes generates an increasing human impact. The monitoring results show development of slope erosion processes on the surface of slopes, which can generate gullies and landslides, impeding a sustainable land development and requiring additional operational costs at recreational and sports facilities. The article contains the basic results of a theoretical and experimental research and the monitoring data, which will allow us to justify the design of anti-erosion protection at recreational and sports facilities. The research has shown the efficiency of the use of geocomposite systems represented by a combination of structural elements and a biotic constituent. The efficiency of such approach is proven by the geotechnical monitoring data on specific facilities situated in Moscow Region

Роль малого бизнеса в инновационном развитии экономики

Выпуск 6, ноябрь -декабрь 2013 Опубликовать статью в журнале -http://publ.naukovedenie.ru Институт Государственного управления, права и инновационных технологий (ИГУПИТ) Аннотация: В статье сделан акцент на закономерностях долговременного действия, направленных на результативность экономического развития, базисом для которых являются инновации. Выявлены проблемы современного научно-технологического комплекса России, к которым относятся: снижение платежеспособного спроса на результаты научно-технической деятельности; низкий уровень финансирования исследований и разработок; отставание от развитых государств по объему затрат на одного исследователя и др. Приведены примеры развития технополисов, технопарков. Рассматривается деятельность Правительства Российской Федерации по поддержке инновационного бизнеса, в том числе и малого. Сделан вывод, что национальная инновационная система должна соединить интересы крупного и малого бизнеса в разработке и использовании достижений науки, обеспечить прорыв российской продукции на мировые рынки наукоемкой продукции. Ключевые слова: Малый бизнес; инновации; вектор развития; технологический уклад; виды деятельности. Идентификационный номер статьи в журнале 02EFTA613 Интернет-журнал «НАУКОВЕДЕНИЕ» Выпуск 6, ноябрь -декабрь 2013 Опубликовать статью в журнале -http://publ.naukovedenie.ru Институт Государственного управления, права и инновационных технологий (ИГУПИТ) Role of small business is in innovative development of economy Abstract: The article focuses on patterns of long-term actions aimed at the effectiveness of economic development, the basis for which is innovation. Problems of the modern scientifictechnological complex of Russia, which include: decrease of solvent demand for the results of scientific and technical activity; the low level of funding of research and development; the lag behind developed States by expenditure per researcher and others Are examples of the development of technopolises, technoparks. The article describes the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation for support of innovation business, including small. Concluded that a national innovation system must combine the interests of big and small business in the development and use of achievements of science, provide the breakthrough of Russian products on the global high-tech markets

RbfA Is Involved in Two Important Stages of 30S Subunit Assembly: Formation of the Central Pseudoknot and Docking of Helix 44 to the Decoding Center

Ribosome biogenesis is a highly coordinated and complex process that requires numerous assembly factors that ensure prompt and flawless maturation of ribosomal subunits. Despite the increasing amount of data collected, the exact role of most assembly factors and mechanistic details of their operation remain unclear, mainly due to the shortage of high-resolution structural information. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we characterized 30S ribosomal particles isolated from an Escherichia coli strain with a deleted gene for the RbfA factor. The cryo-EM maps for pre-30S subunits were divided into six classes corresponding to consecutive assembly intermediates: from the particles with a completely unresolved head domain and unfolded central pseudoknot to almost mature 30S subunits with well-resolved body, platform, and head domains and partially distorted helix 44. The structures of two predominant 30S intermediates belonging to most populated classes obtained at 2.7 Å resolutions indicate that RbfA acts at two distinctive 30S assembly stages: early formation of the central pseudoknot including folding of the head, and positioning of helix 44 in the decoding center at a later stage. Additionally, it was shown that the formation of the central pseudoknot may promote stabilization of the head domain, likely through the RbfA-dependent maturation of the neck helix 28. An update to the model of factor-dependent 30S maturation is proposed, suggesting that RfbA is involved in most of the subunit assembly process