Verba Perfektum dan Verba Imperfektum dalam Bahasa Arab

– Dalam literatur tata bahasa Arab, ada tiga jenis verba (An Nahwul Wadih, tt), (Qawa\u27idul Lughatil Arabiyyah Al Muyassarah, 1982), (Mulakhos Qawaidul lughah, tt), (Jami\u27ud Durusil Lughatil Arabiyyah, 1999), yaitu verba madi, verba mudari\u27, dan verba amr. Verba ma:di adalah verba yang menyatakan suatu tindakan pada saat sebelum berbicara; verba muda:ri\u27 adalah verba yang menggambarkan tindakan pada saat berbicara dan akan datang, dan verba amr adalah verba yang memerintahkan orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu di masa depan. Penjelasan in didasarkan pada temporalitas peristiwa atau perbuatan dilihat dari pusat deiktis saat pengujaran. Jika kita mencoba untuk menganalisis secara mendalam dari paradigma ahli bahasa barat, kita akan mendapatkan pandangan lain tentang verba ini. Mereka menyimpulkan bahwa dua bentuk verba dalam bahasa Arab, yaitu ma: di dan muda: ri\u27 mengacu pada aspektualitas, yang berfokus pada faktor non-deictic. Pada aspektualitas, yang dilihat adalah tindakan yang sempurna atau tidak sempurna bergantung waktu saat berbicara. Kedua pendapat yang berbeda tentang verba dalam tata bahasa Arab itulah yang akan menjadi masalah dasar untuk dikomparasikan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian akan menyajikan data dari berbagai jenis teks; dan akan menjadi bukti masing-masing paradigma

Model Arsitektur Akar Lateral dan Akar Tunjang Bakau (Rhizophora Apiculata Blume.)

The research about architectural model of lateral and stilt root of Bakau (Rhizophora apiculata Blume.) was conducted on August 2008 at Inwrought Management Area of Mangrove Forest, Margasari, Labuhan Maringgai Sub-District, East Lampung Regency, Province of East Lampung. This research aim to analyze the model of root architecture or the R. apiculata at different growth phases. The approach used the survey descriptive method (qualitative and quantitative). This research is conducted directly in field to get the data of lateral root architecture (underground system) and stilt root by using method of profile root trenching. The result showed that the lateral root at 1, 2, and 4 years old measure up to the monopodial with the orientation of axes is orthotropic and plagiotropic (syllepsis), while the stilt root at 12 years old measure up to the monopodial pattern with the orientation of axes is orthotropic branch complex (non-terminalia branching). Characteristic of R. apiculata root growth is continuous. It was concluded that the architectural model of R. apiculata root is combination between Troll\u27s and Champagnat\u27s model

Perancangan Kapal Wisata Danau dengan Sistem Penggerak Paddle Wheel dan Baterai (Accu) sebagai Sumber Energi

Pengembangan kepariwisataan tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan fasilitas wisata yang tersedia. Karena dalam setiap aktivitas wisata yang dilakukan oleh wisatawan membutuhkan akomodasi, makan dan minum, informasi, dan rekreasi air danau sendiri. Rekreasi air danau bisa dilakukan mulai dari melihat – lihat air danau, mandi dan bila dilengkapi sarana untuk mengelilingi danau dengan perahu/ kapal sangatlah lebih menarik. Dengan dikembangkannya pariwisata danau, akan muncul beberapa fasilitas yang diperlukan  antara lain kapal wisata untuk berkeliling danau. Perancangan kapal wisata danau dengan penggerak paddle whell dan baterai / accu sebagai sumber energi menjadi salah satu USAha yang bisa dilakukan, karena akan rendah polusi dan rendah kebisingan sehingga wisatawan benar – benar akan menikmati pemandangan alam danau tanpa terganggu oleh hal tersebut. Perancangan kapal wisata ini menghasilkan ukuran utama kapal yaitu Lpp : 3.10 m, B:1,30 m, H : 0,8 m, T: 0,35 m dan Vs : 3 knot. Dengan sudah dibuatkan rancangan garis (Linesplan) dan rencana umum (General arrangement) akan mempermudah dalam menentukan tahanan dan sistem propulsinya. Penggerak paddle whell berputar 250 rpm, berdiamater 540 mm dengan jumlah daun 8 buah dan motor DC 2500 rpm 0,5 HP sehingga memerlukan perbandingan roda gigi 1 : 25 sudah mampu menggerakkan kapal dengan kecepatan 3 knot  dengan jumlah muatan 5 orang

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Pembangkit Listrik Hybrid Pada Peternakan Ayam Desa Sukonolo Kabupaten Malang

Our lives are now so dependent on electricity. Loss of electricity could cause our lives could not walk normally. Various aspects of life becomes blocked, either from our daily lives to efforts that require electrical energy. The high cost of electricity tariff barriers add to the long facing entrepreneurs. Chicken farm is one of the types of businesses that require a constant electrical energy, in case of rolling blackouts it will directly affect the production process. In addition, the location of the chicken farm that is usually placed at distant places, also very influential on the continuous supply of electrical energy. Hybrid power plant technology is the right solution to respond all these problems. The plant can harness the energy that is around us, such as wind and sunlight. Then make it a stable supply of electrical energy, constant, and environment friendly. Hybrid plant is capable of producing electrical energy 12 kWh / day while the partner needs to reach 5.31 kWh / day and a chicken farmer can save electricity cost of Rp. 173,600 / month. With the results of the application of Hybrid Generating proven to reduce production costs by utilizing renewable energy on a chicken farm village Sukonolo Malang, so that energy independence can be achieved

Pengukuran Tingkat Radioaktivitas 210pb dan 40k pada Tembakau Rokok Serta Estimasi Dosis Efektif yang Diterima dari Merokok

The radioactivity in tobacco leaves assessment collected from 14 popular brand in Indonesia. Cigarette was studied in order to find activity concentration of 210Pb and 40K in a cigarette sample, and the effective dose induced to smokers from cigarette tobacco due to the naturally occurring radionuclides, such as 210Pb and 40K. It was concluded that the activity consentration of radioisotope 210Pb varied from 2,22 Bq/kgto 5,56 Bq/kg with average 3,968 ± 1.042 Bq/kg, 210Pb originated from the air and was deposited onto the tobacco leaves and trapped by trichomes, while for 40K from 8,89 Bq/kgto 15,56Bq/kg with average11,75 ± 1,782 Bq/kg.40K in the tobacco leaves was due to root uptake either from soil or fertilizer. The annual effective dose do to inhalation for adults smokers for 210Pb from 16,47 µSv/year to 41,18 µSv/year with average 29,42 ± 7,772 µSv/year. This dose must be compared with the average worldwide exposure to natural radiation source 2,4 mSv/year and especially the part due to inhalation which is 1,26 mSv/year

Effect of Manpower Factor on Semiautomatic Production Line Completion Time: A System Dynamics Approach

Completion time in a manufacturing sector is the time required to complete a product in sequence process during production operation. In a semiautomatic production line, manpower factors such as fatigue and pressure are two significant influences on completion time. However, it is found that previous studies lack the concern to include manpower factor in completion time. Hence, this paper develops a causal loop diagram and stock flow diagram to simulate the influence of manpower factor on the completion time in a semiautomatic production line. In this research, a well-known audio speaker manufacturer is selected as a case company. As a result, it is found that the preparation time for materials has a great impact on fatigue and pressure as it contributes the highest percentage of deviation from the completion time base run with 72.22%. Finally, a policy regarding completion time improvement is recommended to the management to enhance their production performanc

Komunikasi Data Bluetooth untuk Perangkat Informasi Persebaran Ikan (Portable Virtual Assistant) pada Kapal Nelayan Tradisional

Informasi mengenai data persebaran ikan merupakan informasi yang sangat berguna untuk nelayan dalam menemukan lokasi persebaran ikan. Informasi tersebut dikeluarkan oleh Balai Riset dan Observasi Laut dari kementrian Kelautan yang berupa data lokasi latitude dan longitude. Layanan ini berupa peta digital, peta tersebut kita kenal dengan Peta Perkiraan Daerah Penangkapan Ikan (PPDPI). Pada Kenyataannya masih banyak nelayan yang kurang memanfaatkan informasi tersebut yang menyebabkan hasil tangkap ikan oleh nelayan kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini membuat prototipe perangkat portabel navigasi untuk menemukan lokasi sebaran ikan. Prototipe bekerja berdasarkan data informasi yang berupa data latitude dan longitude dari Balai Riset dan Observasi Laut. Dengan memasukan data persebaran ikan maka jarak lokasi dan arah lokasi target dapat diketahui. Data informasi dapat dimasukkan kedalam prototipe navigasi dengan menggunakan komunikasi bluetooth  yang kemudian data tersebut diolah oleh mikrokontroller. Sensor yang digunakan dalam perangkat adalah sensor GPS dan sensor kompas. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prototipe navigasi dapat menghitung jarak lokasi tujuan terhadap lokasi awal dengan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 99.404106% dan pengukuran sudut target lokasi tujuan dengan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 99.0271%

Nitrate concentration in groundwater: a cross-sectional study in three villages near paddy fields in Bachok district, Kelantan during the harvest season

Nitrate fertilizer is extensively used to produce healthy crops on a wide scale, and paddy planting is no exception. Nitrate that is not used by plants is able to penetrate the soil and end up in groundwater. This, if not checked, can give rise to health problems including infant methemoglobinaemia, a disease where hemoglobin in erythrocytes are changed into methemoglobin by nitrite which, in turn, makes it unable to transport oxygen to body cells. Nitrite is formed from ingested nitrate that is altered by bacteria present in the infant’s stomach. This cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2019 for 2 weeks’ observation during the paddy pre-planting season, and a total of 149 wells across three villages were sampled for nitrate. Readings were compared to the Drinking Water Quality Standard stated by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The maximum acceptable value for nitrate in drinking water is 45 mg/L nitrate (NO3-). The three villages, namely Keting, Kuchelong and Telaga Ara, were chosen as they are located near paddy fields and water from wells were used for drinking and cooking without filtration. It was found that only one (0.67%) of the wells had nitrate above the maximum acceptable value (56.85 mg/L NO3-). This highest value was found in Telaga Ara village and the location of the well was 50m from the nearest paddy fields. In Kuchelong village, the mean nitrate level was 5.10 +0.85 mg/L with a range of 0.73 to 27.10 mg/L. While in Telaga Ara village, the mean nitrate levels was 10.52 +1. 24 mg/L with a range of 1.67 to 56.85 mg/L. Mean nitrate level in Keting village was 5.34 + 4.94 mg/L with a range of 0.40 -23.65 mg/L. In general, nitrate levels were found to be below the maximum acceptable value in the villages concerned and therefore did not pose any health risks to users. Periodic assessment of nitrate in groundwater is still important as to ensure the levels remain below the acceptable value, and in turn, safeguard the health of its users

Healed Lesions of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused By Leishmania major Do Not Shelter Persistent Residual Parasites

In human cutaneous leishmaniasis (HCL) caused by Leishmania (L.) major, the cutaneous lesions heal spontaneously and induce a Th1-type immunity that confers solid protection against reinfection. The same holds true for the experimental leishmaniasis induced by L. major in C57BL/6 mice where residual parasites persist after spontaneous clinical cure and induce sustainable memory immune responses and resistance to reinfection. Whether residual parasites also persist in scars of cured HCL caused by L. major is still unknown. Cutaneous scars from 53 volunteers with healed HCL caused by L. major were biopsied and the tissue sample homogenates were analyzed for residual parasites by four methods: i) microscope detection of amastigotes, ii) parasite culture by inoculation on biphasic medium, iii) inoculation of tissue exctracts to the footpad of BALB/c mice, an inbred strain highly susceptible to L. major, and iv) amplification of parasite kDNA by a highly sensitive real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Our results show that the scars of healed lesions of HCL caused by L. major do not contain detectable residual parasites, suggesting that this form likely induces a sterile cure at least within the scars. This feature contrasts with other Leishmania species causing chronic, diffuse, or recidivating forms of leishmaniasis where parasites do persist in healed lesions. The possibility that alternative mechanisms to parasite persistence are needed to boost and maintain long-term immunity to L. major, should be taken into consideration in vaccine development against L. major infection