A Daily Diary Approach to the Examination of Chronic Stress, Daily Hassles and Safety Perceptions in Hospital Nursing

Purpose: Stress is a significant concern for individuals and organisations. Few studies have explored stress, burnout and patient safety in hospital nursing on a daily basis at the individual level. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic stress and daily hassles on safety perceptions, the effect of chronic stress on daily hassles experienced and chronic stress as a potential moderator. Method: Utilising a daily diary design, 83 UK hospital nurses completed three end-of-shift diaries, yielding 324 person days. Hassles, safety perceptions and workplace cognitive failure were measured daily, and a baseline questionnaire included a measure of chronic stress. Hierarchical multivariate linear modelling was used to analyse the data. Results: Higher chronic stress was associated with more daily hassles, poorer perceptions of safety and being less able to practise safely, but not more workplace cognitive failure. Reporting more daily hassles was associated with poorer perceptions of safety, being less able to practise safely and more workplace cognitive failure. Chronic stress did not moderate daily associations. The hassles reported illustrate the wide-ranging hassles nurses experienced. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate, in addition to chronic stress, the importance of daily hassles for nurses’ perceptions of safety and the hassles experienced by hospital nurses on a daily basis. Nurses perceive chronic stress and daily hassles to contribute to their perceptions of safety. Measuring the number of daily hassles experienced could proactively highlight when patient safety threats may arise, and as a result, interventions could usefully focus on the management of daily hassles

Relações anatômicas das glândulas paratireóides cervicais com a tireóide: estudo em 53 tireoidectomias

OBJETIVO: O estudo foi transversal e retrospectivo por meio dos registros fotográficos, nos transoperatórios de 53 tireoidectomias totais e parciais, realizadas entre janeiro de 2002 a agosto de 2006, em pacientes portadores de doenças benignas e malignas da tireóide. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidas imagens de 111 glândulas paratireóides. Das 67 superiores, 65 (97%) estavam envolvidas pelo fino e irregular tecido adiposo peri-glandular. Das 44 inferiores, 41 (93,1%) estavam parcial ou totalmente envoltas pela esparsa gordura aderida à cápsula tireóide. A escolha da via de acesso e o cuidado para evitar hemorragias são dois itens que evitam maiores dificuldades. Acrescem-se os rigores da técnica com a ligadura do pedículo superior, sendo realizada em primeiro lugar, seguida da mobilização do lobo tireóideo em sentido medial. Esses gestos possibilitam a melhor identificação das paratireóides. CONCLUSÃO: É indispensável conservar o tecido adiposo aderido à cápsula tireóidea, onde se alojam mais de 90% das paratireóides. O manuseio cirúrgico dessa delgada lâmina adiposa provoca a mudança da cor das paratireóides, tornando-as amarronzadas, destacando-as entre o amarelo-ouro da gordura e impondo maior atenção ao cirurgião