The Influence of Political Connection and Institutions to the Performance and Bank Loans of Private Listed Companies

我国有着不同于西方发达国家的制度背景和政治制度，政府对市场的管制力度较大，上市公司的高管具有一定的政治背景，其中国有企业本身大股东的政府背景性质，其政治关联很可能是与生俱来的，而民营企业政治关联的形成则具有主动性。改革开放以来，民营经济不断发展壮大，己成为我国经济增长的主要推动力量，因此，研究政治关联对民营公司的影响这一问题在中国更具有现实启发意义。 本文以民营上市公司的高级管理人员是否是前任或现任的政府官员、人大代表或政协委员来衡量公司是否具有政治关联，选取2004年—2008年中国沪深两市所有A股民营上市公司为样本，实证研究了政治关联与制度环境对民营上市公司经营绩效和银行贷款的影响。研究...Chinese current institution and political system are different from the Western developed countries. Under this system, many executives of private listed companies are relevant to politics. Therefore the study of political influence of private companies related to this issue in China is more realistic instructive. This paper focuses on whether the company has the political connection, which measu...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院财务学系_财务学学号：1762007115174

High-EfficiencyVolume Reflection of an Ultrarelativistic Proton Beam with a Bent Silicon Crystal

The volume reflection phenomenon was detected while investigating 400 GeV proton interactions with bent silicon crystals in the external beam H8 of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Such a process was observed for a wide interval of crystal orientations relative to the beam axis, and its efficiency exceeds 95%, thereby surpassing any previously observed value. These observations suggest new perspectives for the manipulation of high-energy beams, e.g., for collimation and extraction in new-generation hadron colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider