Social Media Usage and Its Influence on Students’ Choice of Tertiary Institutions in Ghana

Tertiary Institutions among other businesses have been promoting their services through various conventional media which can be considered as an integrated form of communication. On the other hand, with the incorporation of the modern technologies into individual and professional lives, tertiary cannot only communicate effectively with their target audience, but they can also use social media to disseminate information and obtain feedback.Using a quantitative research approach, this research identified the social media channels students use to search for tertiary institutions, examined the various social media platforms students actively engage in, how the use of social media influence students’ tertiary institutions decision-making process and identified other factors that influence students’ choice of tertiary institutions. Results showed that respondents heavily rely on university website to search for tertiary institution information even though they are very active on WhatsApp, spending over 2 hours daily. The findings of this research adds on to existing research on consumer decision making with respect to their choice of tertiary institutions. It also helps authorities of various tertiary institutions, to improve on their social media platform activities and also develop communication strategies in other to attract potential students through the various social media platforms. It might serve as the required cause for those institutions that have no presence at all on social media to establish one since prospective students might make use of such handles in selecting schools. Keywords: Social Media, Tertiary Institutions, Ghana DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-30-07 Publication date:October 31st 201

"In the interests of justice?" The International Criminal Court, peace talks and the failed quest for war crimes accountability in northern Uganda

This article analyzes the first peace talks to take place against the backdrop of an International Criminal Court (ICC) investigation: the Juba Talks between the Lord’s Resistance Army and the Government of Uganda (2006–2008). Drawing on field research and original source material, it departs from well-worn peace versus justice debates and provides new empirical material to explore how the presence of the court shaped domestic political dynamics at Juba. It argues that at the level of broad rhetoric, the presence of the court created significant discord between negotiating parties. On a practical level, however, it created space for consensus, but not the type envisaged by international justice promoters. The court came to be seen by both sides as an intervention that needed to be contained and controlled. This resulted in the politically expedient Agreement on Accountability and Reconciliation, which showcased a transitional justice “tool-kit,” but was based on a shared desire to evade the jurisdiction of international criminal justice. Given its practical complexity, the transitional justice agreement was ultimately rejected by Joseph Kony, who became increasingly distrustful of his own negotiating team at Juba. In findings relevant to other contexts, the article presents in-depth analyses of how domestic political dynamics around the ICC intervention produced a national transitional justice framework designed to protect both parties from war crimes accountability

IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 7 PERATURAN MENTERI KOPERASI DAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG BANTUAN PEMERINTAH BAGI PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DI KABUPATEN GARUT (STUDI KASUS PADA DINAS KOPERASI DAN UKM KABUPATEN GARUT) TAHUN ANGGARAN 2020

Dito Afako, Lutfi Effendi, Agus Yulianto Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK Pada skripsi ini penulis mengangkat permasalahan terkait implementasi peraturan menteri koperasi dan usaha kecil menengah nomor 6 tahun 2020 tentang bantuan pemerintah bagi pelaku usaha mikro di Kabupaten Garut pada tahun anggaran 2020 yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Garut kepada para pelaku usaha mikro yang ada di Kabupaten Garut dengan berdasarkan pada Pasal peraturan menteri koperasi dan usaha kecil menengah nomor 6 tahun 2020 tentang bantuan pemerintah bagi pelaku usaha mikro dengan cara meneliti kinerja Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Garut, serta meneliti bagaimana pelaksanaan dari pembagian dana bantuan pemerintah terhadap pelaku usaha mikro yang ada di Kabupaten Garut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, maka rumusan masalah yang penulis angkat dalam skripsi ini adalah:1) Bagaimana implementasi Permenkukm Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Garut?, 2) Apa kendala yuridis dan non-yuridis dalam implementasi Permenkukm Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Garut?, dan 3) Bagaimana upaya serta solusi untuk mengatasi kendala yuridis dan non-yuridis implementasi Permenkukm Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Garut? Kemudian penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode sosio legal dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh penulis akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif, teknik ini penulis gunakan agar memudahkan pembaca dan penulis untuk memahami serta menarik kesimpulan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Dari hasil penelitian dengan metode di atas, penulis memperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan yang ada yaitu Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Garut memiliki beberapa strategi untuk mewujudkan efektivitas hukum Pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan UKM Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Usaha Mikro dengan melibatkan dinas-dinas lain yang ada di Pemerintah Kabupaten Garut seperti dinas sosial dan dinas kependudukan dan catatan sipil untuk membantu dinas koperasi dan UKM dalam urusan pendataan masyarakat. Faktor yang menghambat efektivitas dari peraturan tersebut juga terletak pada persyaratan calon penerima Bantuan Pemerintah bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro (BPUM) adalah tidak adanya persyaratan dalam Petunjuk Pelaksanaan melampirkan Surat Keterangan Usaha (SKU) atau Nomor Izin Berusaha (NIB) merupakan bukti legalitas sebagai pelaku usaha mikro keabsahan dalam memperoleh BPUM. Disamping itu, pembentukan Kelompok Kerja (Pokja) pendaftaran peserta BPUM hanya ada/diatur di Tingkat Pemerintah Provinsi. Kata Kunci: BPUM, Usaha Mikro, COVID-19   ABSTRACT This research investigates the implementation of the regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (henceforth referred to as ministerial regulation) Number 6 of 2020 concerning Government Aid for micro-businesses in the Regency of Garut in 2020 by Cooperative Agency and small and medium enterprises in the Regency of Garut to micro businesses in the regency according to the Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2020 concerning Government Aid for micro-businesses by observing the performance of the cooperative and small and medium enterprises in the Regency of Garut, and to find out how this government aid is provided for the micro businesses in the regency. Departing from this issue, this research investigates 1) how is Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2020 concerning Government Aid for micro-businesses in the Regency of Garut implemented? 2) what are the juridical and non-juridical methods in the implementation of the Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2020? 3) what are the measures and solutions to cope with the juridical and non-juridical implementation of the Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2020 concerning Government Aid for micro-businesses in the Regency of Garut? This research employed socio-legal methods and socio-juridical approaches. Primary and secondary data were analyzed based on descriptive-qualitative methods to allow for easier understanding and conclusion of the research. The research results reveal that the cooperative agency and small and medium enterprises in the Regency of Garut have some strategies to bring about the effectiveness of law article 7 of the Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2020 concerning Government Aid to micro businesses by involving other agencies in the Regency of Garut, including social agency and population and civil registration agency to help the cooperative agency and small and medium enterprises in collecting data of the people. What interrupts the effectiveness of this regulation is the requirement that the micro businesses have to fulfill before they receive government aid. In this case, no requirement has been set regarding the guidelines that require the persons concerned to attach a business written statement or Business Registration Number, while these should be present as legal proof that micro businesses must provide. Moreover, this legality allows the businesses to get Productive Aid from the President for Micro Businesses (BPUM). In addition, the formation of a work team responsible for the registration of the applicants of BPUM only exists/is only governed at a provincial level. Keywords: BPUM, Micro Entrepreneurs, COVID-1

Architectures for peace

This contribution was delivered on 6 May 2022 on the occasion of the hybrid 2022 edition of EUI State of the Union on ‘A Europe fit for the next generation?'The European Union has developed extensive policies and resources to support international criminal justice, human rights, and transitional justice across the globe. This panel examines the international peace architecture and appraises the arguments for a stronger legal infrastructure that would encourage, and support, governments to choose a negotiated settlement of these conflicts. What are the incentives for governments to pursue negotiations for ending conflicts? Should the EU support the Peace Treaty Initiative, which aims to promote negotiated solutions to intra-state armed conflicts

The EU as a human rights-promoting peace mediator?

This contribution was delivered online on 6 May 2021 on the occasion of the hybrid 2021 edition of EUI State of the Union on ‘Europe in a Changing World'.The EU has become known as a bastion of peace. It has also increasingly presented itself as a promoter of peace outside its borders. What is the state of the union in the field of peace mediation? With 27 member states, it is a potentially powerful broker, but often needs to act in concert with others. It may also suffer from a fragmented voice. How is the EU positioning itself in the increasingly crowded area of peace mediation? What are its comparative advantages; what are its burdens? While the Union’s overt human rights commitment provides an ideal blueprint for a liberal peace, does it sometimes appear far removed from the issues that the warring parties are most concerned about? What successes and challenges has the EU experienced when seeking to promote both peace and human rights in conflict resolution contexts

Implementasi Pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri Koperasi Dan Usaha Kecil Menengah Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Di Kabupaten Garut (Studi Kasus Pada Dinas Koperasi Dan Ukm Kabupaten Garut)

Pada skripsi ini penulis mengangkat permasalahan terkait implementasi peraturan menteri koperasi dan usaha kecil menengah nomor 6 tahun 2020 tentang bantuan pemerintah bagi pelaku usaha mikro di Kabupaten Garut pada tahun anggaran 2020 yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Garut kepada para pelaku usaha mikro yang ada di Kabupaten Garut dengan berdasarkan pada Pasal peraturan menteri koperasi dan usaha kecil menengah nomor 6 tahun 2020 tentang bantuan pemerintah bagi pelaku usaha mikro dengan cara meneliti kinerja Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Garut, serta meneliti bagaimana pelaksanaan dari pembagian dana bantuan pemerintah terhadap pelaku usaha mikro yang ada di Kabupaten Garut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, maka rumusan masalah yang penulis angkat dalam skripsi ini adalah:1) Bagaimana implementasi Permenkukm Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Garut?, 2) Apa kendala yuridis dan non-yuridis dalam implementasi Permenkukm Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Garut?, dan 3) Bagaimana upaya serta solusi untuk mengatasi kendala yuridis dan non-yuridis implementasi Permenkukm Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Garut? Kemudian penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode sosio legal dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh penulis akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif, teknik ini penulis gunakan agar memudahkan pembaca dan penulis untuk memahami serta menarik kesimpulan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Dari hasil penelitian dengan metode di atas, penulis memperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan yang ada yaitu Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Garut memiliki beberapa strategi untuk mewujudkan efektivitas hukum Pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan UKM Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Bantuan Pemerintah Bagi Usaha Mikro dengan melibatkan dinas-dinas lain yang ada di Pemerintah Kabupaten Garut seperti dinas sosial dan dinas kependudukan dan catatan sipil untuk membantu dinas koperasi dan UKM dalam urusan pendataan masyarakat. Faktor yang menghambat efektivitas dari peraturan tersebut juga terletak pada persyaratan calon penerima Bantuan Pemerintah bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro (BPUM) adalah tidak adanya persyaratan dalam Petunjuk Pelaksanaan melampirkan Surat Keterangan Usaha (SKU) atau Nomor Izin Berusaha (NIB) merupakan bukti legalitas sebagai pelaku usaha mikro keabsahan dalam memperoleh BPUM. Disamping itu, pembentukan Kelompok Kerja (Pokja) pendaftaran peserta BPUM hanya ada/diatur di Tingkat Pemerintah Provinsi

Transitional Justice and Violent Extremism

This publication is part of a project that aims to fill a major gap in policy making: the failure to integrate lessons learnt and best practices from the field of transitional justice in relation to conflict resolution strategies with two kinds of unconventional armed actors: 1) “violent extremist” groups, such as jihadists; and 2) organised crime groups, such as mafia, gang networks and drug cartels. IFIT’s work on the former began in 2017 with the UN University Centre for Policy Research (UNU-CPR). The project was concerned with the fact that, to date, what has reigned is an overwhelmingly punitive and dragnet approach which, rather than helping address root causes and break cycles of resentment and violence, instead risks renewing or reinforcing them. This resulted in three jointly-published case studies (ISIS in Iraq, Al-Shabaab in Somalia, and Boko Haram in Nigeria) and an initial policy framework. Building on this initial work, IFIT launched a second phase of research in 2019 on the same broad topic, drawing on lessons from a wider range of country situations where comparable challenges have been grappled with, in order to provide expanded guidance for policymakers. This involved fieldwork-based reports covering Libya (focused on the LIFG), Uganda (focused on the LRA), and Afghanistan (focused on the Taliban), all of which examine the intersection of negotiation and transitional justice goals. IFIT commissioned additional taxonomy research to plot identifiable similarities and differences of motivation, structure, and context along a wide spectrum of different archetypes of non-state or unconventional armed groups. All of this informed a final framework that aims to help policymakers tailor more effective negotiation and transitional justice strategies to address root causes, break cycles of violence, and strengthen the rule of law in settings affected by violent extremism