Concepção de familiares de pessoas com transtorno mental sobre os grupos de autoajuda

O objetivo foi compreender como os familiares de pessoas com transtorno mental concebem a atuação do grupo de autoajuda (GA). Estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado com onze familiares participantes de um GA da Associação Maringaense de Saúde Mental.Os dados foram coletados no período de abril a junho de 2010, durante as reuniões do grupo, em sala anexa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e, em seguida, submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Emergiram duas categorias: “O grupo supre deficiências da assistência”,que aponta as lacunas dos serviços formais de assistência e os benefícios do GA para os familiares; e “O cuidado idealizado”, que revela a expectativa dos familiares em relação à atenção em saúde mental. Conclui-se que os familiares almejam que as atividades desenvolvidas pelo GA sejam incorporadas pelos serviços de assistência em saúde mental e que o cuidado à família passe a integrar o plano de assistência

CONCEITOS DE CUIDADO ELABORADOS POR ENFERMEIROS QUE ATUAM EM INSTITUIÇÕES PSIQUIÁTRICAS

Tuvo como objetivo identificar la concepción de cuidado de los enfermeros que actúan en instituciones psiquiátricas y asociar los resultados encontrados con las cuestiones ontológicas y epistemológicas del cuidado en enfermería. Se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria-descriptiva de análisis cualitativo con siete enfermeros empleados en dos instituciones psiquiátricas cerradas del interior del estado de Paraná. El criterio de selección de los sujetos fue el vínculo laboral del enfermero con las referidas instituciones. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de un instrumento parcialmente estructurado y las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcriptas. Se plantearon los datos a través de la técnica de análisis temático de contenido evidenciando cuatro categorías. Los resultados apuntan hacia un discurso profesional pautado en principios observados en la psiquiatría, sin embargo los profesionales no consiguieron definirlos o hasta caracterizarlos conceptualmente en autores o teorías que tratan tales aspectos, curiosamente mismo sin distinguir conceptualmente las teorías, refieren realizar un cuidado satisfactorio y dedicado, promoviendo una adecuada interacción con el portador de trastorno mental

Spatial distribution of breast cancer mortality: Socioeconomic disparities and access to treatment in the state of Parana, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION:Breast cancer remains an important public health problem that is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the socioeconomic and access disparities related to breast cancer mortality in 399 cities in the state of Parana, Brazil. METHODS:Ecological, descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Mortality Information System from 2009 to 2012 in the state of Parana. Breast cancer mortality rate was calculated considering the mortality cases and women population of each municipality, both based on women older than 20 years old. Moran global and local analyses were used to verify the presence of spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression modeling (Spatial Lag-SAR) with the purpose of analyzing the association between socioeconomic indicators, access and mortality rates for breast cancer. RESULTS:Significant positive spatial autocorrelation was found for breast cancer mortality rates (I = 0.5432, p = 0.001). In the spatial regression analysis, the model explained 61% of the variance of the mortality rates for breast cancer. The mortality rate for breast cancer was negatively associated with the illiteracy rate (Coefficient = -0.0279) and positively associated with the access index (Coefficient = 12.9525). CONCLUSION:The lower illiteracy rate has not been sufficient to reduce the specific mortality rate by breast cancer, and the higher the score of accessibility to cancer services, the higher the specific mortality due to breast cancer. The results show that in the state of Parana, the problem is not related to a lack of education of the patients or the distance walked, but rather with the organization of services. These conclusions have important political implications on the organization and quality of the services provided for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the state of Parana

Conception of family members of people with mental disorders on self-help groups

The aim of this study was to understand how family members of people with mental disorders conceive the performance of self-help groups (SG). This qualitative study was conducted with eleven family members who participate in a SG of the Maringaense Mental Health Association. Data were collected from April to June 2010 during group meetings, in an adjoining room, by means of semi-structured interviews, which were then subjected to content analysis. Two categories emerged: "The group compensates for deficiencies in care", which points out deficiencies arising from the formal care services and the benefits of SG for family members and, "Idealized care", which reveals the expectations of the family in relation to mental health care. It was concluded that family members would like activities of the SG to be incorporated by mental health care services and for family care to become a part of the care plan

Breast cancer mortality in Brazil across age groups over three time periods.

<p>(A) The data of mortality from the evolution of breast cancer in Brazil were assembled by age group along three time periods.</p

The Rise in Mortality from Breast Cancer in Young Women: Trend Analysis in Brazil

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women.</p><p>Objective</p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze time trends in overall mortality from breast cancer in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This is an exploratory study, of the time series of deaths from breast cancer contained in the Mortality Information System (SIM), of women living in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States, from 1996 to 2013. For the trend analysis, the polynomial regression model was used, and a significant trend was considered when the estimated model obtained a p value <0.05.</p><p>Results</p><p>There was a tendency of increased mortality from breast cancer in Brazilian women (average increase of 0.18 per year; <i>p</i> <0.001), with regional differences, particularly in the age group 20–49 years (0.07 per year; <i>p</i> <0.001). The age group 50–69 years remained constant but had high average rates (37.14).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>More effective planning is needed to focus on the different scenarios of the Brazilian regions. Screening strategies for the incidence and mortality from breast cancer must also be rethought according to age group in the country.</p></div

Mortality rate for breast cancer in women, according to place of residence, 1996–2013.

<p>(A) Presentation of mortality rate for breast cancer in Brazil and large regions along time period of eighteen years.</p

Trend models of mortality rates from breast cancer.

<p>Brazil, 1996–2013.</p