Association Between Personal and Environmental Factors, Body Position on Low Back Pain at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, in Surakarta

Background: Low Back Pain or LBP often encountered in daily practice, especially in industrialized countries. The study showed that 90.9% of LBP patients experienced a relapse more than once in a year, the relapse was triggered by personal factor, work environment and lack of health information. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with recurrence prevention in patients with Low Back Pain at Medical Rehabilitation Instalation Dr. Moewardi Surakarta HospitalSubjects and Method: The study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. A total of 60 patients with LBP. That data was collected with a questionairre and analyzed by using multiple logistic regression.Results: There was a positive correlation between personal factors and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain: there was a correlation between age and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (O =2.09; 95% CI= 0.36 to 12.09 ; p=0.412), there was a correlation between sex and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=1.52; 95% CI=0.08 to 28.78; p=0.781), there was a correlation between education level and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=2.38; 95% CI=0.41 to 14.05; p=0.337), there was a correlation between employment and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was statistically significant ( OR=9.16; 95% CI=1.35 to 62.39; p = 0.024), there was a correlation between perceptions of Low Back Pain and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was statistically significant (OR=27.81; CI=95% 2.14 to 361.33; p=0.011). There was a positive correlation between environmental factors and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain: there was a correlation between accessibility to health service and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=0.49; 95% CI=0.02 to 14.81; p=0.684), there was a correlation between environment accessibility and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=0.73; 95% CI=0.04 to 14.22; p=0.834), there was correlation between family support and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was not statistically significant (OR=0.30; 95% CI=0.02 to 5.50; p=0.303) .There was a positive correlation between education on Proper Body Mechanics with recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was statistically significant (OR=35.33; 95% CI=1.65 to 757.32; p=0.023). The most dominant variable in LBP recurrence prevention was patients perceptions of Low Back Pain (p= 0.011).Conclusion: Employment, perceptions of Low Back Pain, and education on proper body mechanic were variables was statistically significant for LBP relaps prevention in this study.Keywords: personal factors, environmental factors, education on proper body mechanics, relapse prevention, LBPCorrespondence: Rina Kurnia. Health Polytechnic, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta University, Surakarta.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1 (1): 19-25https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.0

Factors Affecting Parenting Stress in Mothers with Disability Children in Sukoharjo, Central Java

Background: Mothers play an important role in the care of children with physical and psychological disabilities. However, the role of caring children with disabilities can cause stress for the mother. Parenting stress can lead to anxiety, emotional instability, and avoidance of the environment in mother. This, in turn, may deteriorate the quality of family life. As a result, children with disabilities may experience development and growth disorders. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the parenting stress in the caring of children with disability in Sukoharjo District, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Sanggar Inklusi, Sukoharjo, Central Java, from February to March 2018. A sample of 163 mothers with disabled children was selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was parenting stress. The independent variables were adversity intelligence, disability level, maternal education, maternal employment status, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of maternal parenting stress increased with children disability (b= 4.64, SE= 1.72, p= 0.07) and mothers working outside the house (b= 1.68, SE= 0.93, p= 0.069). The risk of maternal parenting stress decreased with high adversity intelligence (b= -0.28, SE= 0.12, p= 0.016), high maternal education (b= -8.50, SE= 0.86, p< 0.001), high family income (b= -0.28, SE= 0.16, p= 0.078), and strong family support (b= -0.22, SE= 0.08, p= 0.007). Conclusion: The risk of maternal parenting stress increases with high children disability and maternal employment status, but decreases with high adversity intelligence, high maternal education, high family income, and strong family support. Keywords: parenting stress, children, disabilit

Improving the Development of Children with Neurodevelopment Disorder by Empowering the Occupational Therapists in Aquatic Program

Background: There are different therapies that can be used to help the development of children with neurodevelopmental disorder, one of which is aquatic therapy. This therapy was a recreational therapy that involves the use of water and it plays an important role in enhancing the child’s quality of life and improving productivity. Therapists use specifically-designed water activities to help children restore, improve, and enhance their functions.This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of occupational therapist empowerment training in aquatic program on the knowledge, attitude, and competence of occupational therapists, and the effectiveness aquatic therapy on improving the development of children with neurodevelopment disorder. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi experiment study with pre and post test design. A sample of 88 occupational therapists were selected for this experiment. Knowledge, attitude, and competence of the therapists before and after empowerment training were measured and compared. Likewise, 78 children with neurodevelopmental disorder in Central Java who were under treatment by the occupational therapists were measured and compared before and after the occupational therapist empowerment training, in terms of motoric and sensoric development. The data were analyzed by linear regression analysis model. Results: Empowerment training significantly increased knowledge (b=3.95; 95% CI= 3.55 to 4.34; p<0.001), attitude (b=3.49; 95% CI= 2.84 to 4.14; p<0.001), and competence (b=2.73; 95% CI= 1.93 to 3.53; p<0.001) of the occupational therapists. Aquatic therapy resulting from empowerment training significantly increased motoric (b=1.39; 95% CI= 1.04 to 1.74; p<0.001), and sensoric (b=2.79; 95% CI= 2.13 to 3.45; p<0.001) development of children with neurodevelopment disorder. Conclusion: Empowerment training effectively increases knowledge, attitude, and competence of occupational therapists. In turn, aquatic therapy conducted by the occupational therapists effectively increases motoric and sensoric development of children with neurodevelopment disorder. Keywords: Occupational therapist,aquatic program, empowerment training, competence, motoric development, sensoric development, neurodevelopment disorder, childre

Effect of Knowledge, Peer Group, Family, Cigarette Price, Stipend, Access to Cigarette, and Attitude, on Smoking Behavior

Background: Passive smokers inhale 75% of ambient smoke and 50% of exhaled smoke. A cigarette contains 4.000 poisonous chemical agents, at least 69 of which are carcinogenic. Therefore ambient tobacco smoke is detrimental to health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, and attitude, on smoking behavior.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted at School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Central Java. A total of 105 male students was selected for this study. The dependent variable smoking status. The independent variables knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, and attitude. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and were analyze by logistic regression model. Results: High smoking peer group (OR= 3.21; 95% CI=1.18- 8.72; p= 0.022), high stipend (OR= 3.66; 95% CI= 1.28-10.49; p= 0.016), convenient access to cigarette (OR= 3.02; 95% CI= 1.04 to 8.73; p= 0.042) increased the likelihood of smoking. High knowledge about tobacco smoking (OR= 0.35; 95% CI=0.13-0.95; p = 0.039) and non-smoking family (OR= 0.16; 95% CI=0.03 to 0.70; p= 0.015) decreased the likelihood of smoking. High price of cigarette (OR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.23 to 3.19; p= 0.819) and possitive attitude (OR= 0.88; 95% CI= 0.33 to 2.36; p= 0.795) did not show statistically significant effect on smoking.Conclusion: Smoking peer group, stipend, access to cigarette increase the probability of smoking. Knowledge about tobacco smoking and non-smoking family decrease the probability of smoking.Keywords: knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, attitude, smoking behaviorCorrespondence: R. Asto Soesyasmoro.School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(3): 201-210https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.03.0

Qualitative Study on the Implementation of Public Health Nursing: Objective, Resources, and Work Procedure on Home Care Patients in Surakarta

Background: Dynamic changes of disease development call for improvement in health care. In light of this context, public health nursing with home care has an increasing role in the management of diseases. Comprehensive public health nursing requires partnership between healthcare providers, patients, and their environment. In Indonesia the focus of nursing remains on hospital care, while rarely on home care that fulfils the need of the community. This study aimed to examine the implementation of public health nursing, encompassing its objective, resources, and work procedure, on home care patients. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with case study approach. This study was carried out at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Surakarta, from February to March 2017. The key informants of this study included nurses, home care coordinator, doctors, dieticians, and physiotherapists. Methods of data collection included interview, observation, and archival review. Data were analyzed in stages normally employed in case study.Results: The objectives of home care have generally been understood by most health providers. On the other hand the objectives of home care have not well-understood by the families of the patients, leading to inconsistency with the objective. There is a need to increase resources necessary for the nurses, particularly improvement in competency, as well as case selection, review, planning, coordinating, and evaluation. Likewise, collaboration between health care provider, patients, and their families, need to be improved in order to maximize home care.Conclusion: There is a need to strenghten commitment of all parties involved in home care. The objectives of home care need to be understood by all parties. Hospitals are expected to have stronger responsibility with both work procedure in order to deliver optimal health care. By doing so, the public health nursing with home care will be able to fulfil the need of the community.Keywords: home care, objective, resources, work procedureCorrespondence: Ratih Novitasari, Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] Mobile: +6285649524070Journal of Health Policy and Management (2017), 2(1): 56-66https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2017.02.01.0

Effects of Education, Nutrition Status, Treatment Compliance, Family Income, and Family Support, on the Cure of Tuberculosis in Mojokerto, East Java

Background: Tuberculosis is an important global public health issue. Countries around the world have committed to control the disease with various programs. However, the cure of Tuberculosis treatment in many countries is still low, which can hamper the success of Tuberculosis control program. Productivity of Tuberculosis patients continues to decrease that leads to socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to examine the effects of education, nutrition status, treatment compliance, family income, and family support, on the cure of Tuberculosis.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. The study was conducted in Mojokerto, East Java, from April to May, 2017. A total sample of 108 Tuberculosis patients were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The sample consisted of 35 uncured cases of Tuberculosis and 73 cured cases of Tuberculosis. The dependent variable was cure of Tuberculosis. The independent variables were education, nutrition status, treatment compliance, family income, and family support. The data was collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis.Results: Nutritional status (b= 1.31; 95% CI = 0.41 to 2.22; p=0.004) and treatment compliance (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.97; p=0.019) directly and positively affect the cure of Tuberculosis. Nutritional status was affected by high education (b=1.62; 95% CI =0.62 to 2.63; p=0.002), family income (b=1.66; 95% CI =0.70 to 2.62; p=0.001), and strong family support (b=1.50; 95% CI =0.36 to 2.63; p=0.010). Treatment compliance was affected by high education (b= 0.84; 95% CI = -0.14 to 1.81; p=0.093), family income (b= 1.36; 95% CI =0.42 to 2.30; p=0.005), and strong family support (b=2.08; 95% CI =0.96 to 3.19; p<0.001).Conclusion: Cure of Tuberculosis is directly affected by nutritional status and treatment compliance. Education, family support, and family income, indirectly affect cure of Tuberculosis.Keywords: cure of Tuberculosis, education, nutrition status, family income, family support, treatment complianceCorrespondence: Puspitasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281333060714.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 141-153https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.0

Effects of Education, Nutrition Status, Treatment Compliance, Family Income, and Family Support, on the Cure of Tuberculosis in Mojokerto, East Java

Background: Tuberculosis is an important global public health issue. Countries around the world have committed to control the disease with various programs. However, the cure of Tuberculosis treatment in many countries is still low, which can hamper the success of Tuberculosis control program. Productivity of Tuberculosis patients continues to decrease that leads to socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to examine the effects of education, nutrition status, treatment compliance, family income, and family support, on the cure of Tuberculosis. Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. The study was conducted in Mojokerto, East Java, from April to May, 2017. A total sample of 108 Tuberculosis patients were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The sample consisted of 35 uncured cases of Tuberculosis and 73 cured cases of Tuberculosis. The dependent variable was cure of Tuberculosis. The independent variables were education, nutrition status, treatment compliance, family income, and family support. The data was collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis. Results: Nutritional status (b= 1.31; 95% CI= 0.41 to 2.22; p= 0.004) and treatment compliance (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.97; p= 0.019) directly and positively affect the cure of Tuberculosis. Nutritional status was affected by high education (b= 1.62; 95% CI= 0.62 to 2.63; p= 0.002), family income (b= 1.66; 95% CI= 0.70 to 2.62; p= 0.001), and strong family support (b= 1.50; 95% CI= 0.36 to 2.63; p= 0.010). Treatment compliance was affected by high education (b= 0.84; 95% CI= -0.14 to 1.81; p= 0.093), family income (b= 1.36; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.30; p= 0.005), and strong family support (b= 2.08; 95% CI = 0.96 to 3.19; p<0.001). Conclusion: Cure of Tuberculosis is directly affected by nutritional status and treatment compliance. Education, family support, and family income, indirectly affect cure of Tuberculosis. Keywords: cure of Tuberculosis, education, nutrition status, family income, family support, treatment compliance

The Relationship Between Child Nurturing Pattern, Family Support, and Language Competence in Children Aged 5-6 Years with Auditory Disorder

Background: Hearing is one of the important senses for human that functions as a communication tool and education. Lack of hearing ability in children may hinder development and lead to problem in language and speaking ability. In turn it may affect academic achievement. Hearing disorder therefore needs to be detected early. This study aimed to determine the relationship between child nurturing pattern, family support, and language competence in children aged 5-6 years with auditory disorder. Subjects and Method: This study was analytic and observational with cross sectional design. It was carried out at “Jala Puspa” Children Observation Garden (Taman Observasi Anak “Jala Puspa”) Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital, Surabaya, East Java. A total sample of 40 children aged 5-6 years with their parents were selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was language competence. The independent variables were child nurturing pattern and family support. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: There were positive relationship between nurturing pattern (OR= 10.05; 95% CI= 1.85 to 54.73; p= 0.008), family support (OR= 6.76; 95% CI= 1.36 to 33.51; p= 0.019), and language competence. Conclusion: Nurturing pattern and family support have positive relationship with language competence. Keywords: child nurturing pattern, family support, language competence, auditory disorde