EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY OF CHILDREN FROM TWENTY-TWO TO THIRTY-SIX MONTHS OF AGE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o vocabulário expressivo de uma amostra de crianças entre 22 e 36 meses, inseridas no Programa de Puericultura do Centro de Saúde de Vila Mariana (SP), por meio de entrevista com o cuidador primário. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas mães de 3() crianças, sendo 17 (57%) do sexo masculino e 13 (43%) do sexo feminino, e destas 15 entre 22 e 28 meses e 15 entre 29 e 36 meses. Utilizamos a Lista de Avaliação de Vocabulário Expressivo LAVE - (CAPOVILLA & CAPOVILLA, 1997), sob a forma de entrevista com a mãe de cada criança. Foram calculadas medidas descritivas e empregada para tratamento estatístico a ANOVA. As crianças da amostra fadaram em média 195 palavras, sendo 3 crianças consideradas de risco para atraso de emissão. As crianças do sexo feminino produziram ao redor de 43 palavras e 2 palavras por frase a mais do que as crianças do sexo masculino. Verificamos que houve um acréscimo estatisticamente significativo no vocabulário de acordo com o aumento da faixa etária, independente do sexo. As categorias mais faladas por crianças da faixa etar^la estudada foram Pessoa.s, Partes do Corpo, Ações, Casa e Objetos. Com isto pôde-se concluir que é possível caracterizar o vocabulário e detectar crianças de risco para atrasos de emissão através de informações dos pais.This study aimed at describing lhe vocabulary of children from twenty-two to thirtysix months of age, inserted into lhe child care program of the Health Center of Vila Mariana - São Paulo. We interviewed lhe mothers of 30 children, 17 (57°^Ó) mate and 13 (43%) female; 15 were between 22 and 28 months of age and 15 were between 29 and 36 months of age. We used lhe Expressive VocabularyAssessmer^ltChecklist (CAPOVILLA & CAPOVILLA, 1997). We calculated the descriptive measures and used ANO^VA for the statistical treatment. The results showed that children around two years of aKe speak an average of ! 95 words. The girls spoke 43 words more than the boys and two words more per sentence. We verified that as age increased, the number of words used and the number of words per sentence also increased in both sexes. The categories that were most spoken by the children were names of people, body parts, actions,house and objects. We concluded that it is possible to characterize children’s vocabulary and to detect children with utterance delay through the parents’ information

Prostate Cancer Detection at Rebiopsy After an Initial Benign Diagnosis: Results Using Sextant Extended Prostate Biopsy

INTRODUCTION: Sextant prostate biopsy remains the standard technique for the detection of prostate cancer. It is well known that after a diagnosis of small acinar proliferation (ASAP) or high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), the possibility of finding cancer is approximately 40% and 30%, respectively. OBJECTIVE: We aim to analyze follow-up biopsies on patients who initially received a benign diagnosis after exclusion of HGPIN and ASAP. METHODS: From July 2000 to December 2003, 1177 patients were submitted to sextant extended prostate biopsy in our hospital. The mean patient age was 65.5 years old, and the median number of fragments collected at biopsy was 13. HGPIN and ASAP were excluded from our study. We only considered patients who had a diagnosis of benign at the first biopsy and were subjected to rebiopsies up until May 2005 because of a maintained suspicion of cancer. RESULTS: Cancer was initially detected in 524 patients (44.5%), and the diagnosis was benign in 415 (35.3%). Rebiopsy was indicated for 76 of the latter patients (18.3%) because of a persistent suspicion of cancer. Eight cases of adenocarcinoma (10.5%) were detected, six (75%) at the first rebiopsy. Six patients were submitted to radical prostatectomy, and all tumors were considered clinically significant. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that in extended prostate biopsy, the first biopsy detects more cancer, and the first, second, and third rebiopsies after an initial benign diagnosis succeed in finding cancer in 7.9% (6/55), 5.9% (1/15) and 20% (1/4) of patients, respectively

Growth Dynamics and Water Potential Components of Three Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Cultivars

Summer squash fruit is a horticultural crop that possesses a very short postharvest life due to its high rates of metabolism and transpiration along with a low cuticle resistance exhibited mainly when the fruit is harvested at horticultural maturity. This research was realized following the fruit growth of the summer squash cultivars: ‘Enterprise’, ‘Pascola’ and ‘Hurakan F1’, whose seeds were germinated in polystyrene trays and their seedlings were subsequently transferred to pots for optimum growth under greenhouse conditions. Fruits were sampled at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after anthesis (DAA). Physical (weight, diameter, and length of fruit), chemical (pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids), hydric status (water, osmotic and pressure potentials), and histological analysis were done. The highest number of fruits having marketing quality were shown in both ‘Pascola’ and ‘Hurakan F1’ cultivars at 7 DAA, whereas, in ‘Enterprise’ was shown at 9 DAA. Marketing quality fruits from the three cultivars showed similarities on pH (about 6.6), titratable acidity (TA) decreases in ‘Enterprise’ and ‘Hurakan F1’, whereas total soluble solids (TSS) decreases in ‘Pascola’ and ‘Hurakan F1’ (pJ 0.5). From 3 to 9 DAA, in all cultivars, the water potential was close to -1.0 MPa, the osmotic potential showed an increasing pattern ranging between -1.59 and -1.15 MPa, and the pressure potential remained in the positive range. Tissue water stability was histologically related to a well-defined parenchyma tissue showing thin-walled, polygonal, intact and turgid cells during fruit growth

Assessment of stage T1 (TNM 1997) for renal cell carcinoma: is recommended the subdivision in T1a and T1b?

INTRODUCTION: Classification TNM 1997 defines renal cell carcinoma smaller than 7 cm and confined to the kidney as stage T1. Our goal is to discuss if tumors smaller than 4 cm have the same behavior characteristics then tumors between 4 and 7 cm, to compose the same stage of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective assessment of 138 patients in stage T1 (TNM - 97), divided into 2 groups; group-1: composed of 65 patients (47%) with tumors < 4 cm, and group-2: composed of 73 patients (53%) with tumors between 4 and 7 cm. The following prognostic factors were assessed in the recurrence of the disease and survival of patients: nuclear degree, microvascular invasion, sarcomatous degeneration, and involved lymph nodes. Statistical evaluation has been accomplished through the log rank test, chi-square test, and Fishers exact text. RESULTS: Average tumor size was 2.5 cm for group-1, and 5.3 cm for group-2. In group-2, there was the predominance of worse prognostic factors, with high-grade tumors (p = 0.01) and presence of microvascular invasion (p = 0.001). Sarcomatous tumors and involvement of lymph nodes did only happen in group-2. Disease-free survival for group-1, analyzed in the median period of 36 months, was 100%, and for group 2, in the median period of 31 months, was 81% (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The results obtained allow the conclusion that the present stage T1 for renal cell carcinoma gathers tumors of different evolution, being therefore recommendable the stratification in T1a for tumors smaller than 4 cm, and T1b for tumors between 4 and 7 cm.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Divisions of Urology and StatisticsUNIFESP, EPM, Divisions of Urology and StatisticsSciEL

Ampliação da sobrevida em crianças com AIDS no Brasil: resultados do segundo estudo nacional de 1999 a 2002

The objective of this study is to characterize survival in children with AIDS diagnosed in Brazil between 1999-2002, compared with the first national study (1983-1998). This national retrospective cohort study examined a representative sample of Brazilian children exposed to HIV from mother-to-child transmission and followed through 2007. The survival probability after 60 months was analyzed by sex, year of birth and death, clinical classification, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prophylaxis for opportunistic diseases. 920 children were included. The survival probability increased: comparing cases diagnosed before 1988 with those diagnosed from 2001-2002 it increased by 3.5-fold (from 25% to 86.3%). Use of ART, initial clinical classification, and final classification were significant (p < 0.001) predictors of survival. Issues regarding quality of records and care were identified. The results point to the success of the Brazilian policy of providing ART. The improvement of clinical status contributes to quality of life, while indicating challenges, particularly practices to improve long-term care.Este estudo caracteriza a sobrevida em crianças com AIDS no Brasil entre 1999-2002, contextualizando com o primeiro estudo nacional (1983-1998). Trata-se de coorte histórica, com crianças expostas ao HIV por transmissão vertical e acompanhadas até 2007. A probabilidade de sobrevivência em 60 meses foi analisada segundo sexo, ano de nascimento e de óbito, classificação clínica, uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e de profilaxia para doenças oportunistas. No total, 920 crianças foram incluídas. A probabilidade de sobrevivência foi ampliada 3,5 vezes nos dois períodos avaliados, passando de 25% antes de 1988 para 86,3% no período de 2001-2002. Uso de TARV, classificação clínica inicial e atual/final foram preditores que influíram significativamente (p < 0,001) para a ampliação da sobrevida. Os resultados deste estudo indicam o sucesso da política brasileira para a abordagem das crianças infectadas com HIV. A melhora do estado clínico contribuiu para melhora da qualidade de vida, mas sinaliza-se para a necessidade de incorporação de práticas pautadas na integralidade do cuidado

Quality of life of students in the first and sixth year of medical school

Introdução e Objetivo: A qualidade de vida de vida e seus domínios - físico, psicológico, relações sociais e ambiente - definidos pela World Health Organization Quality of Life (Whoqol) é importante atributo no curso de medicina e pode ser afetada, prejudicando os estudantes ao longo da graduação. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é comparar a percepção de qualidade de vida dos estudantes no início e término do curso de medicina (primeiro e sexto anos, respectivamente), discutir os fatores que podem influenciá-la e propor medidas para melhorá-la. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com alunos do primeiro e sexto ano de medicina da EPM-UNIFESP nas turmas de 2017 e 2018, por meio de questionário Whoqol-bref online em plataforma REDCAP. A análise estatística dos dados se deu por meio de software “OpenEpi” e Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram escores regulares a baixos para todos os domínios avaliados em ambos os anos, com o domínio psicológico apresentando menor pontuação tanto em 2017 quanto em 2018 para o primeiro e sexto anos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os domínios avaliados do primeiro e do sexto ano (p&gt;0,05) em 2017, porém nas turmas do ano de 2018 foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p&lt;0,05) dadas por menores valores apresentados pelo sexto ano em comparação ao primeiro. Discussão e Conclusão: evidenciou-se neste estudo resultados medianos e baixos para todos os domínios avaliados, principalmente o psicológico, tanto no início quanto no término do curso de medicina, com importante impacto na saúde mental dos estudantes. Fatores que englobam o ingresso na instituição, o modelo de ensino do curso e as características do sexto ano podem afetar a qualidade de vida desses estudantes. Medidas individuais e institucionais são necessárias para que se obtenham melhoras na percepção de qualidade de vida.Introduction and Objective: Quality of life and its domains - physical, psychological, social and environmental - defined by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (Whoqol) is an important attribute in the medical course and can be affected, harming students throughout graduation. In this sense, the aim of this study is to compare students’ perception of quality of life at the beginning and end of the medical course (first and sixth years, respectively), to discuss the factors that may influence it and propose measures to improve it. Method: A cross-sectional study carried out with students from the first and sixth year of medicine from EPM-UNIFESP in the 2017 and 2018 classes, using a Whoqol-bref online questionnaire on the REDCAP platform. Statistical analysis of the data was done through software “OpenEpi” and Microsoft Excel. Results: The results showed regular low scores for all domains evaluated in both years, with the psychological domain presenting lower scores in both 2017 and 2018 for the first and sixth years. No statistically significant differences were found between the domains evaluated in the first and sixth year (p&gt;0.05) in 2017, but in the groups of 2018 significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were found due to the lower values ​​presented by sixth year in comparison to the first. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, median and low results were found for all domains evaluated, especially the psychological ones, both at the beginning and at the end of the medical course, with an important impact on students’ mental health. Factors that include enrollment in the institution, the teaching model of the course and the characteristics of the sixth year can affect the quality of life of these students. Individual and institutional measures are necessary to achieve improvements in the perception of quality of life

Avaliação clínica de um cimento de ionômero de vidro utilizado como selante oclusal: a clinical evaluation

Since fluoride&#146;s properties are widely known in the field of Preventive Dentistry, fluoride-releasing materials have been extensively investigated. Among the occlusal sealants, there is great expectation regarding the results that can be achieved with light-curing glass-ionomer cements due to their excellent properties. The aim of this study was to assess the use of one of these cements, Vitremer (3M) as an occlusal sealant. The material was applied using two different techniques; either associated or not with an adhesive system. After 6 and 12 months of observation, an evaluation was performed in 159 teeth to verify its retention as well as the presence of caries lesions. The technique that included the adhesive system showed better retention than the conventional one. Total retention was 84.9% for the experimental technique and 37.2% for the conventional technique after 12 months. There was no difference between bicuspids and molars regarding retention. Caries lesion was observed in a single tooth, for which a total loss of material was observed after one year.Sabendo-se do papel do flúor na Odontologia Preventiva, cada vez mais procuram-se materiais restauradores com propriedades de liberação deste íon. Dentre os selantes oclusais, grande expectativa existe em relação aos cimentos de ionômero de vidro, particularmente os fotopolimerizáveis, por possuírem melhores propriedades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar um destes cimentos, Vitremer (3M), aplicado em: combinação ou não com um adesivo. A avaliação foi realizada em 159 dentes, 6 e 12 meses após a aplicação do selante, observando-se sua retenção e a presença ou ausência de lesão de cárie. Concluiu-se que a técnica modificada, com adesivo, propiciou significativamente melhor retenção após 6 e 12 meses que a técnica convencional, não havendo diferença entre molares e pré-molares. Apenas um dente do grupo sem adesivo desenvolveu lesão de cárie após a perda do material

Effect of the Combined Intervention with Passive Whole-Body Vibration and Auriculotherapy on the Quality of Life of Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis Assessed by the WHOQOL-Bref: A Multi-Arm Clinical Trial

The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the quality of life of two non-pharmacological interventions isolated or in combination: (i) passive whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE), and (ii) auriculotherapy (AT). One hundred three participants with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were allocated to: (a) a vibration group (WBVEG; n = 17) that performed WBVE (peak-to-peak displacement: 2.5 to 7.5 mm, frequency: 5 to 14 Hz, Peak acceleration: 0.12 to 2.95 g), two days/weekly for five weeks, (b) an AT group (ATG; n = 21), stimulation of three specific auriculotherapy points (Kidney, Knee and Shenmen) in each ear pavilion, (c) WBVE + AT (WBVE + AT; n = 20) and (d) respective control groups (WBVE_CG, n = 15; AT_CG, n = 12; WBVE + AT_CG, n = 18). The participants filled out the WHOQOL-bref Questionnaire before the first and after the last sessions. Statistical differences in the various domains of the WHOQOL-bref were not found. In conclusion, WBVE or AT alone or combined did not contribute in altering the quality of life of individuals exposed to these interventions

Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain Level, Functionality, and Rating of Exertion of Elderly Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Individuals: A Randomized Study

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG; however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results