Effets de l'exposition chronique au monoxyde de carbone et au bruit sur l'audition

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Newborn physiological responses to noise in the neonatal unit

AbstractIntroductionThe incorporation of technologies in the care of infants has contributed to increased survival; however, this has turned neonatal unit into a noisy environment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the physiological and functional effects resulting from the exposure to noise on low-weight newborns in incubators in a neonatal unit.MethodsProspective, observational, quantitative, exploratory, descriptive study. The adopted statistical method included tables of frequency, descriptive statistics, and Student's t-test, with a 0.05 level of significance. As data collection tools, the environmental noise and the noise inside of the incubator were evaluated, and the Assessment of Preterm Infant Behavior scale was used to assess premature newborn behavior and projected specifically to document the neurobehavioral functioning of preterm infants. The data collection occurred from September of 2012 to April of 2013; 61 low-weight newborns admitted in the neonatal unit and in incubators were observed.ResultsSignificant differences in the variables heart rate and oxygen saturation were noted when newborns were exposed to noise.ConclusionLow-weight neonates in incubators present physiological alterations when facing discomfort caused by environmental noise in neonatal units

Enjeux et défis de la prise en charge du bruit ferroviaire en aménagement et en urbanisme : un guide d’orientation

Cet ouvrage vise à sensibiliser les divers intervenants quant aux tenants et aboutissants de l’environnement sonore, en particulier à ce qui a trait au bruit ferroviaire, et aux enjeux de sa prise en charge en aménagement. Empruntant la forme d’un guide, il est conçu de sorte à permettre aux intervenants de mieux s’orienter parmi les multiples aspects à prendre en compte pour cerner les problématiques et penser des stratégies d’intervention adaptées à la spécificité des contextes physico spatiaux, administratifs et institutionnels

Effects of COVID-19 on auditory and vestibular function in an adult patient: a longitudinal case study

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a viral infection that mainly affects the lower respiratory tract and with the affinity of the Spike protein to the Angiotensin 2 converter enzyme, inducing a prothrombotic state which may lead to compromising of the cardiovascular, central nervous, auditory, and vestibular systems. Viral infections knowingly affect vestibular and auditory systems. This study aimed to present the auditory and vestibular findings of a woman without otoneurological complaints, before the infection with SARS-CoV-2. This is a longitudinal case report, presenting the evolution of the otoneurological clinical picture accompanied by the results of a battery of tests. The results evidenced a unilateral, permanent, cochlear sensorineural hearing loss through altered otoacoustic emissions albeit with normal tonal thresholds, accompanied by peripheral vestibular hypofunction which worsened with time, without any other factor that could justify these findings. This study shows the importance of the complete protocol of tests performed over time for a better understanding of long-time implications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection

Rastreamento e monitoramento da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal em Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família: estudo-piloto

RESUMO Objetivo A Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal (TANU) visa ao diagnóstico precoce e à reabilitação de neonatos em situação de risco ou não para deficiência auditiva. O objetivo principal foi analisar o fluxo de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal em Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família por meio do rastreamento e monitoramento das crianças. Método É um estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo. O rastreamento foi realizado a partir da terceira via da Declaração de Nascido Vivo preenchida na maternidade. O monitoramento foi realizado pela ficha de acompanhamento do recém-nascido preenchida pelo agente comunitário e uma entrevista com os pais ou responsáveis, na unidade da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, ou por visita domiciliar. Também foram coletadas informações na caderneta de saúde da criança e acompanhamento em serviços de alta complexidade. Resultados A casuística foi constituída por 50 neonatos, sendo que 52% deles estavam entre 30 e 89 dias de vida e 54% eram do gênero masculino. Apresentaram fator de risco para deficiência auditiva, 12% dos neonatos e 86% realizaram a triagem neonatal. As ações em Saúde Auditiva mostram que está havendo integralidade de atendimento na etapa hospitalar e ambulatorial, na unidade básica de saúde analisada e em serviços de alta complexidade. Conclusão O fluxo de atendimento em Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal converge para a Diretriz de Atenção à Saúde da Criança Curitibana, mas ainda não é universal. Concluindo-se assim, que a participação da Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família, no rastreamento e monitoramento das crianças submetidas ao programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal no município, é viável e recomendada

Ambient Noise in Emergency Rooms and Its Health Hazards

Introduction The occupational risk due to high levels of noise in the hospital environment has been recognized, and the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance of the Ministry of Health recommends evaluation and control of noise in hospital areas. Objectives To assess the sound environment in the emergency ward of a general trauma reference hospital in the city of Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil. Methods In this descriptive study, noise levels were assessed on mornings, afternoons, and evenings using an integrating Bruel & Kjaer (Denmark) calibrated sound level meter, type 2230. Ten indoor points in the emergency ward were assessed; the helicopter as well as several available pieces of equipment in the ward were assessed individually. Results Noise levels in sound pressure level ambiance [dBA] ranged from 56.6 to 68.8. The afternoon period was the noisiest. The helicopter at 119 dBA and the cast saw at 90 dBA were the noisiest equipment, and the lowest noise level found was the activated oximeter at 61.0 dBA. Conclusion In all assessed points, noise levels were above the comfort levels recommended by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (1987), which may harm users' and professionals' health as well as influence professional performance in the emergency ward. Sound pressure levels of the helicopter and cast saw reach high hearing hazard levels, requiring professionals to use individual protection equipment, and point to the need for creation and implementation of effective control measures of noise levels in emergency wards

High-frequency profile in adolescents and its relationship with the use of personal stereo devices ଝ,ଝଝ

Abstract Objective: To analyze and correlate the audiometric findings of high frequencies (9---16 kHz) in adolescents with their hearing habits and attitudes, in order to prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 125 adolescents in a sample of normal-hearing students, at a state school. The subjects performed high-frequency audiometry testing and answered a self-administered questionnaire addressing information on sound habits concerning the use of personal stereo devices. The sample was divided according to the exposure characteristics (time, duration, intensity, etc.) and the results were compared with the observed thresholds, through the difference in proportions test, chi-squared, Student's t-test, and ANOVA, all at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Average high-frequency thresholds were registered below 15 dB HL and no significant correlation was found between high frequency audiometric findings and the degree of exposure. Conclusion: The prevalence of harmful sound habits due to the use of personal stereo devices is high in the adolescent population, but there was no correlation between exposure to high sound pressure levels through personal stereos and the high-frequency thresholds in this population. © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. ଝ Please cite this article as: Silvestre RA, Ribas Â, Hammerschmidt R, de Lacerda AB. High-frequency profile in adolescents and its relationship with the use of personal stereo devices. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92:206---11. ଝଝ This article was written as part of the thesis of the main author for a Master's degree. Conclusão: A prevalência de hábitos sonoros prejudiciais devido ao uso de MP3 players é alta na população adolescente, porém não houve correlação entre a exposição a altos níveis de pressão sonora por meio de MP3 players e os limiares de altas frequências nessa população

High-frequency profile in adolescents and its relationship with the use of personal stereo devices

Abstract Objective: To analyze and correlate the audiometric findings of high frequencies (9–16 kHz) in adolescents with their hearing habits and attitudes, in order to prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 125 adolescents in a sample of normal-hearing students, at a state school. The subjects performed high-frequency audiometry testing and answered a self-administered questionnaire addressing information on sound habits concerning the use of personal stereo devices. The sample was divided according to the exposure characteristics (time, duration, intensity, etc.) and the results were compared with the observed thresholds, through the difference in proportions test, chi-squared, Student's t-test, and ANOVA, all at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Average high-frequency thresholds were registered below 15 dB HL and no significant correlation was found between high frequency audiometric findings and the degree of exposure. Conclusion: The prevalence of harmful sound habits due to the use of personal stereo devices is high in the adolescent population, but there was no correlation between exposure to high sound pressure levels through personal stereos and the high-frequency thresholds in this population

Efeitos do ruído na audição de trabalhadores de lavanderia hospitalar

Objetivo caracterizar o perfil auditivo de trabalhadores de uma lavanderia hospitalar. Método estudo transversal, realizado numa lavanderia de um hospital público em Curitiba-PR, com 95 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos, média de idade de 38,23. Realizou-se análise dos documentos do Programa de Controle Médico e Saúde Ocupacional e do Programa de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais da lavanderia, mensuração do ruído, avaliação auditiva com aplicação de anamnese, audiometria tonal limiar, imitância acústica e teste de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente. Analisou-se os audiogramas por critérios clínico e ocupacionais (Norma Regulamentadora 7). Resultados os níveis de ruído encontrados foram de 77,0 a 99,0 dB(A), houve 37,89% audiogramas alterados, destes 18,94% com características sugestivas de Perda Auditiva Induzida por Ruído, principalmente entre os dobradores de roupas. O teste de Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por Estímulo Transiente demonstrou ausência de respostas em 13 sujeitos com ausência de emissões em alguma das orelhas. Conclusão a lavanderia é um local de risco para a perda auditiva. Desse modo, medidas preventivas, por meio de Programas de Preservação Auditiva, devem ser adotadas