Assessment of the Role of Coding and Supervision to Minimize Academic Cheating in Case of Bonga University

The fundamental purpose of this action research is to determine ways of minimizing exam cheating by the two common method of cheating privation which are exam coding and closely supervision among second year management student in Bonga University.  Census sampling was implemented as a sampling technique. Both primary data collected through observation and interview, and secondary data collected from the department report was used. Method of analysis and evaluation was carried out based on the comparison of the previous cheating recorded with the actual result after the proposed methods were implemented. Finally the researcher funded that student highly attempted in cheating but this strategy minimizes level of cheating compared to the pervious time. From this finding the researcher conclude that coding as exam cheating minimization mechanism plays a vital role. Keywords: exam cheating, coding and cheating minimization DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-9-02 Publication date:May 31st 202

Factors Affecting Public Procurement Performance in Case of Wollega University

The purpose of the study was to assess factors affecting public procurement performance in case study of Wollega University. Specifically, the study examine the variables supplier management, staff competency and inventory management that affect the performance of public procurement. The study was used an explanatory design of research. The study employed stratified with simple random sampling technique to select the respondents. The sample size of the study is 276 respondents from academic and administrative staffs who currently working at Wollega University. Questionnaire and interview as a data collection instrument were used accordingly, The collected data was statistically analyzed by using descriptive statistics, and inferential statics was developed to identify the significant effect of independent variable on dependent variable. Findings indicate that supplier Management followed by inventory management and staff competency are the major factors that affect public procurement and they have a significant positive effect on procurement performance. Finally the study recommends that, chooses suppliers with who have the capacity to deliver, and building truths’ relationship with them, improve their store management system by assigning qualified staff and applying a collective effort on developing continuous training programs to perform the effectiveness of procurement practice in the institution. Keywords: Procurement Performance, supplier management, staff competency and inventory management DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-34-04 Publication date: December 31st 202

Differential growth regulation by beta-adrenergic/cyclic amp signaling in phenotypically different human pulmonary adenocarcinomas cell lines that express the epidermal growth factor-mediated pathway

Human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC), which originates from bronchiolar epitheliaVClara cells (P ACC) or the alveolar type II cells (PAC type II), constitutes one of the most rapidly rising lung cancer types. The occurrence of PAC in smoking and nonsmoking individuals suggests that other factors besides smoking contribute to the development and progression of PAC. Earlier studies showed the presence of beta-adrenergic/cAMP growth pathway in PACC. Consequently, beta-adrenergic stimulants in various drug formulations that are used in the management of chronic respiratory diseases have been proposed as potential risk factors for the development of PAC. On the other hand, little is known about the role of this pathway in the proliferation of PAC type II. Using thymidine incorporation, this study showed that the two PAC phenotypes have differential response to the betaadrenergic/cAMP stimulation. Isoproterenol (broad-spectrum beta-adrenergic agonist) and forskolin (adenylyl cyclase stimulator) induced significant proliferative response in NCI-H322 cell line (PACC). Both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors and cAMP are involved in this proliferative response as shown by selective receptor and enzyme inhibitors. On the other hand, A549 cells (PAC-type II) were inhibited by forskolin while being unresponsive to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Accordingly, forskolin caused significant and persistent activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK.1/2) in NCI-H322 cells in contrast to A549 cells, in which inhibition was observed. Cyclic AMP immunoassay of basal and stimulant-induced cAMP amount showed marked difference between the two cell lines. The basal cAMP content in A549 cells was significantly lower than that of NCI-H322 cells. Moreover, isoproterenol had no effect while forskolin had significant but moderate rise of cAMP. By contrast, both isoproterenol and forskolin induced a marked and significant accumulation of cAMP in NCI-H322 cells. In both cell lines, significantly higher proliferative response was observed in low serum than in high serum culture condition. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)­ mediated growth pathway is common to both cell lines as demonstrated by the use of AG 1478 (EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Furthermore, AG 1478 inhibited isoproterenol but not forskolin-induced proliferation in NCI-H322 cells, implying the existence of cAMP dependent and independent growth pathways and transactivation of the EGFR. The present study demonstrated an important difference between two cancer cell phenotypes that are generally grouped as PAC. The implication of this distinction in relation to cancer chemoprevention approaches and chronic management of respiratory diseases with beta-adrenergic stimulants was emphasized. On the other hand, the EGFR growth pathway is commonly expressed and plays a central role in the proliferation of both PAC phenotypes. Consequently, the EGFR pathway may provide a common chemotherapeutic target in broad family of cancer types and phenotypes with diverse growth pathways

Destination Branding: Marketing Dire Dawa as an Appealing Tourist Destination

The purpose of study is to find Branding strategies to market Dire Dawa as an appealing tourist destination. Mixed approaches with 345 usable samples were used to collect data from respondents purposively and relevant data were gathered, presented and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The finding reveals the city image and perceptions is developed through word of mouth communication  rather than attributes themselves and personal experience .Also it find out that the most influential attributes in determining destination choices is over all assuredness of being safe from physical harm and the major challenges for marketing Dire Dawa includes ,lack of effort to rejuvenate tourists perception, failure to segment the market, shortage of recreational place and brand illusion with Harrar. So, the administration needs to work on safety and re-build ongoing brand by encompassing the strategy with flagship destination brand and slogan. Keywords: Destination Marketing; Destination Branding; City Marketing; Brand Ambassadors; brand illusio

Effect of Weed Management Methods on the Growth and yield of Turmeric in Metu, Illubabor, Ethiopia

A field experiment was carried out at Metu Research  Sub Center to determine the best weeding practice for turmeric under Metu condition. The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2012 cropping seasons. Turmeric was subjected to nine weeding regimes using randomized complete block design with three replications The result showed that the major weeds recorded were: Gyzotia scabra., Nicandra physaloidesspp./ Commelina spp., Bidens Polynchyma, Caylusia abyssininca  and Ageratum conyzoides. The result also reveled that turmeric rhizome yield was highly significantly (p<0.1) affected by weeding regimes . As hand weeding frequency increased turmeric yield also increased. The result reveled that one early hand weeding applied between 30 and 45 days after planting was critical for high yield of turmeric When the first hand weeding was delayed up to 60 days from planting yield of turmeric was reduced tremendously. However, the result showed that by mulching turmeric at planting the first hand weeding can be delayed up to 60 days without yield affected. Mulching turmeric at planting followed by two hand weeding at 60 and 90 days gave high  yield compared with the  with the treatment where the first hand weeding was applied at 60 days.  Similarly, hand weeding at 30 and 60 days followed by mulching once also gave comparable yield with the weed free treatment. In addition, the result also revealed that mulching at planting enhanced the fast germination and emergence of turmeric compared with none mulched turmeric.  On the other hand, the result also showed that turmeric was poor competitor of weed competition  that it required  to be free of weeds throughout the season.. The highest weed biomass was recorded from the control treatment and   when weeding was totally ignored yield reduction as a result of uncontrolled weed growth amounted 98.7 % under Metu condition Keywords: Weed management, Turmeri

A Comparative Review of Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation

We review Sharan B. Merriam and Elizabeth J. Tisdell’s 2016 book, Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation and then compare it to three other introductory to qualitative research texts. We found the Merriam and Tisdell book to be useful for both novice and more experienced researchers. The two authors are highly experienced in qualitative research and their book may provide an opportunity to improve our understanding of qualitative research design and implementation when compared to other different qualitative books

Quality and safety of value added milk and dairy products

Most Sub-Saharan countries including those in the ASARECA region are net importers of dairy products. Most products are imported from Europe and South Africa. In Southern Sudan, nearly all value added products are imported. At the same time, there is a growing demand for quality dairy products by the growing population and the tourist market. The unmet demand is providing opportunities for value addition. However, significant technical and institutional barriers continue to limit the exploitation of these benefits by small scale producers and small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) engaged in value addition activities. A study characterizing value chains for both conventional and niche markets for dairy and meat products was carried out in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania in 2006 and in Rwanda, Uganda and Southern Sudan in 2010. The main objective of the project is to enhance the capacity of small and medium scale enterprises to meet demand for quality and safety of the various value chain actors and regulatory requirements. Major concerns and opportunities for value addition are presented here to stimulate action by producers, processors and traders on key pertinent issues regarding the quality and safety of milk and dairy products produced and marketed by small and medium enterprises

Quality and safety of small scale beef products in East and Central Africa.

The annual per capita meat demand in Africa will reach 22kg by 2050. This exponential increase will necessitate a corresponding rise in demand for livestock. It suggests similar increases throughout the developing world. In Eastern and Central Africa (ECA), the growing demand for quality meat products is driving opportunities for value addition. The ECA countries need to put in place measures to exploit this opportunity. However, significant technical and institutional barriers continue to limit the small-scale meat producers and market agents from exploiting these opportunities. This brochure provides the beef producers, market agents, processors and retailers information on quality and safety perspectives of consumers, niche markets and, regulatory and policy institutions. The information could enhance the adoption of addition innovations in the meat sub-sectors in ECA

Genome-wide screening of mouse knockouts reveals novel genes required for normal integumentary and oculocutaneous structure and function.

Oculocutaneous syndromes are often due to mutations in single genes. In some cases, mouse models for these diseases exist in spontaneously occurring mutations, or in mice resulting from forward mutatagenesis screens. Here we present novel genes that may be causative for oculocutaneous disease in humans, discovered as part of a genome-wide screen of knockout-mice in a targeted single-gene deletion project. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database (data release 10.0) was interrogated for all mouse strains with integument abnormalities, which were then cross-referenced individually to identify knockouts with concomitant ocular abnormalities attributed to the same targeted gene deletion. The search yielded 307 knockout strains from unique genes with integument abnormalities, 226 of which have not been previously associated with oculocutaneous conditions. Of the 307 knockout strains with integument abnormalities, 52 were determined to have ocular changes attributed to the targeted deletion, 35 of which represent novel oculocutaneous genes. Some examples of various integument abnormalities are shown, as well as two examples of knockout strains with oculocutaneous phenotypes. Each of the novel genes provided here are potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of human integumentary, or oculocutaneous conditions, such as albinism, phakomatoses, or other multi-system syndromes. The novel genes reported here may implicate molecular pathways relevant to these human diseases and may contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets

Factors necessary to produce basoapical polarity in human glandular epithelium formed in conventional and high-throughput three-dimensional culture: example of the breast epithelium

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Basoapical polarity in epithelia is critical for proper tissue function, and control of proliferation and survival. Cell culture models that recapitulate epithelial tissue architecture are invaluable to unravel developmental and disease mechanisms. Although factors important for the establishment of basal polarity have been identified, requirements for the formation of apical polarity in three-dimensional tissue structures have not been thoroughly investigated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrate that the human mammary epithelial cell line-3522 S1, provides a resilient model for studying the formation of basoapical polarity in glandular structures. Testing three-dimensional culture systems that differ in composition and origin of substrata reveals that apical polarity is more sensitive to culture conditions than basal polarity. Using a new high-throughput culture method that produces basoapical polarity in glandular structures without a gel coat, we show that basal polarity-mediated signaling and collagen IV are both necessary for the development of apical polarity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results provide new insights into the role of the basement membrane, and especially collagen IV, in the development of the apical pole, a critical element of the architecture of glandular epithelia. Also, the high-throughput culture method developed in this study should open new avenues for high-content screening of agents that act on mammary tissue homeostasis and thus, on architectural changes involved in cancer development.</p