A Tool for Measuring Organization Performance using Ratio Analysis

Ratio analysis has served as a veritable means of monitoring, measuring and improving performance in an organization. Hence, the study examines a tool for measuring organization performance using ratio analysis. It also ascertains the relevance of internal and external financial reports during ratio analysis for the purpose of establishing key relationships and results in order to appraise financial performance. The study confirmed that there is significant relationship between ratio analysis and organizational performances as well as financial ratios highlight the importance of effective management of an organization. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that financial ratios should be computed periodically to reveal areas of strengths and weaknesses, as well as, ratio analysis should be used to measure performance in terms of profitability. Keywords: Ratio analysis, Performance, Organization, financial Ratios, Management.

A Tool For Measuring Organization Performance Using Ratio Analysis

Ratio analysis has served as a veritable means of monitoring, measuring and improving performance in an organization. Hence, the study examines a tool for measuring organization performance using ratio analysis. It also ascertains the relevance of internal and external financial reports during ratio analysis for the purpose of establishing key relationships and results in order to appraise financial performance. The study confirmed that there is significant relationship between ratio analysis and organizational performances as well as financial ratios highlight the importance of effective management of an organization. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that financial ratios should be computed periodically to reveal areas of strengths and weaknesses, as well as, ratio analysis should be used to measure performance in terms of profitability. Keywords: Ratio analysis, Performance, Organization, financial Ratios, Management

Interrelationship of Capitalisation, Market Power and Profitability in Selected Food and Beverages Firms in Nigeria

This study evaluated the interrelationship of capitalisation, market power and profitability in Food and Beverages Firms in Nigeria. Specifically, the relationship between capitalisation and market power, profitability and market power, also capitalisation and profitability were assessed.Six companies were purposively selected from Food and Beverages Firms, three from the Food firms and three from the Beverages firms to meet the needs of this panel study. Data for the study were collected using secondary sources within the period of ten years (2001-2010). The interrelationships between capitalisation, market power and profitability were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and Panel Data Analysis (PDA). Findings indicated that there is a positive significant impact of capitalisation on profitability in food firms (r = 0.561, p = 0.015). Capitalisation has a positive significant effect on market power with (r = 0.678, p = 0.001) for food firms, and (r = 0.932, p = 0.001) for beverages firms respectively. In addition, a positive relationship was also found to exist between capitalisation size and corporate profitability as (r = 0.885, p = 0.000) for food firms, and (r = 0.643, p = 0.000) for beverages firms.Based on these findings, the study concluded that there exists a positive and significant interrelationship between capitalisation, market power and profitability of the sampled firms. The study therefore recommended that management must see to an increase in total asset and total equity that will lead to an increase in market share and providing positive return on equity for their firms. Keywords: Capitalisation, Market Power, Profitability, Management, Firms

Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Profitability of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

The performance of business organizations in the present knowledge based and an increasing more competitive economy is affected by their strategies and operations in market and nonmarket environments. Hence, there is a debate on the extent to which company directors and managers should consider social and environmental factors in making decisions. It is therefore against the foregoing that this study examined the impact of corporate social responsibility reporting on profitability of selected manufacturing firms in Nigerian for the period 2013 to 2017. The study was a descriptive research of survey type. The population of the study comprises fifty-three in number out of which six companies were purposively selected as sample. The selected companies have their corporate headquarters in Lagos. This study uses data mainly from secondary sources made up of the financial statement for each year covered by the study. The study covered a period of five years from 2013-2017. The analysis were done using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skeweness as well as inferential statistics such as panel regression and pearson product moment correlation. The result of the correlation matrix for the relationship between the two variables ranges between 2% and 40%. The result of the panel regression used in relating the joint power of the variables showed p-value of 0.0000 which made the model to be fitted at 1% level of significant. The study however found that the impact of corporate social responsibility has positive and significant impact on net profit of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The implication is that, as the companies add to the social wellbeing of the society where the company is located it affects their return in terms of profit positively. This result reinforces the accumulating body of empirical support for the positive impact of CSR on firm’s profitability. From the findings, the researcher therefore conclude that companies that place more emphasis on CSR, measuring it and treating it an obligation will stand apart. Also, companies that do a proper job of making sure that the society to which they belong, feels their impact are going to be in a position to have a sustainable competitive advantage. Companies should therefore ensure they act as good citizen of the society to which they belong for the ongoing success of the business. The study recommended that manufacturing companies should increase their dedication to giving back to the society, by formulating a framework for CSR spending to boost the standard of live of Nigerians to the point that their social reputation will engender positive and substantial increase in their profitability, as this is essential for their going concern in the country. Keywords: Profitability, Corporate Social Responsibility, Companies, Environmental factors, Competitive Economy. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-14-17 Publication date:July 31st 202

Break Even Analysis as A Management Tool for Decision Making in Babcock University Water Corporation

Business and organisational success depends largely on the decision making ability of its management. Decisions regarding forecasting profit and sales in an organisation is often difficult and limited greatly by uncertainty. The study was basically carried out to ascertain if, breakeven analysis is a management tool for decision making. It also investigated, if breakeven analysis can be used to achieve predetermined levels of profit. Hence, the survey research design was adopted, Correlation analysis through the use of SPSS was used to analyse the questionnaires. Also, manual correlation of the cost of production and net income of the case study company, from the review of their four years management accounts was also adopted. From the analysis, there was a positive (though weak) correlation between cost of production and net income and it shows that there is a relationship between both and breakeven is an appropriate tool for management decision making. It was discovered that, breakeven analysis is one of the most reliable methods for management in decision making. Also, changes in any of the constituent elements of the break even such as: output, cost etc. would cause an outright change in all other variables like: level of turnover to breakeven, predetermined level of profit etc. Sensitivity analysis is recommended to be used alongside breakeven analysis in order to be able to easily handle changes in the breakeven point. Breakeven analysis is also best suited for short term decision making, a period of 1-5 years is suitable, as costs change in the long. The importance of proper profit planning and management was also identified. Keywords: Break-even analysis, decision making, uncertainty, profits, sales, cost, break- even point. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-18 Publication date:July 31st 202

Effect of Technological Innovation on Personnel Skill of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Technology in any organization that has a significant influence on the quality and quantity of production of its goods or services. But despite this, technology is prone to constant change which organizations have to monitor, manage and cope with. Manufacturing firm that will like to be competitive and profitable should ensure that employees are trained and involved in the management of technological innovation for organizational survival. But most organization tends to undermine the contribution of employee in managing technological innovation, the outcome of which are low profitability and performance. This study examines how technological innovation influence personnel skill of manufacturing firms in Nigeria It also seeks to determine effective method of using technological innovation for improved performance in the Nigerian manufacturing firm. Two hypotheses were formulated to determine the relationship between technological innovation and personnel skill; and between technological innovation and performance. Question based on the hypotheses were formulated and 300 questionnaires were distributed to select 10 manufacturing firms in foods and beverages firms in Nigeria. Findings reveal that personnel skill do not have significant relationship with technological innovation. The study recommends that personnel skill should be considered in the management technological innovation for profitability, competitiveness and survival of the Nigerian Manufacturing firm

Impact of Corporate Governance on the Performance of Selected Banks in Nigeria

The impact of corporate governance on the performance of selected banks in Nigeria has become a wide-reaching truism that the quality of corporate governance makes a significant difference to and has a chief effect on the performance of banks. Effective corporate governance requires a clear understanding of the respective role of the board and of senior management and their relationships with others in the corporate structure.This study aim to examine the relationship that exists between corporate governance and banks performance of selected commercial banks in Nigeria. Using regression analysis of 5 years ranging from 2014 – 2018. The stock performance being the response variable was captured by Market price per share (MPS) while the explanatory variables included Board Size (BS), Corporate Governance Disclosure Index (CGDI), Non-Executive Director (NED) and Number of Female Director (NUM) are the regressors used in achieving this objective. Descriptive analysis was used to ascertain the mean (1.64141; MPS, 2.658831; BS, 2.145323; NED, 1.127043; NUM 0.933143; CGDI) median, Maximum, Minimum. Correlation was carried out and a positive and strong relationship were generated.Post estimation diagnostic test of Hausman test and redundant fixed effect test were adopted in selecting the most appropriate model to capture the impact of corporate governance characteristics on stock performance of banks. The test indicated that random effect is not an appropriate model and non-normality of the variables will not encourage the use of ordinary effect, therefore, in estimating the parsimonious model of the variable, fixed effect will be an appropriate assumption. 86.78% of the stock performance of banks was accounted for by the explanatory variables.The work suggests that efforts should be made to improve corporate governance focus on the stock performance of deposit money banks since the stock performance is a measure of the wealth of shareholders. Also, the Central bank of Nigeria and other relevant authorities should also try to ensure that steps are taken for mandatory and absolute compliance with the code of corporate governance. Also, an effective legal framework should be developed that specifies the rights and obligations of a bank, its directors, shareholders, specific disclosure requirements and provide for effective enforcement of the law. Keywords: Performance, Corporate Governance, Banks, Measure and Shareholders. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-16-12 Publication date:August 31st 202

Effect of Computerization on Banks’ Performance in Quoted Nigerian Banking Sector

The effect of computerization in banks became of concern to the researcher as its adoption in banking sector and its application has become a major concern to all banks who are deliberating on whether to fully go technological or use partial manual and technology. This study aim to examine the effect of e- banking on ROA of which a survey was carried out on three banks listed on the Nigerian stock Exchange, using panel data of 10 years ranging from 2009 – 2018; while ATM value and volume were used as measurement tool for e-banking, ROA were used as a tool for bank performance. Descriptive analysis was used to ascertain the mean (1.865608; ATM volume, 666288.8; ATM value, 4.514933; ROA) median, Maximum, Minimum. Correlation was carried out and a positive and strong relationship between ATM volume and Value with the performance indicators of selected banks in Nigeria were generated.Regression was carried out on all variables, and hausman test was used to determine which of either pool, random and fixed model to pick, and fixed was picked. Using fixed regression on the effect of e-banking on ROA, the result of the estimated model shows that (ROA) has positive relationship and statistically significant effect on ATM volume in the long run.The work suggests that Management of Nigerian quoted banks should increase their commitments into e- banking channels in order to improve returns from their business transaction.Keywords: Computerization, Technology, E- Banking, Measurement, Performance. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-16-17 Publication date:August 31st 202

Self-Efficacy and Use of Electronic Information as Predictors of Academic Performance

Abstract Students’ ability to find and retrieve information effectively is a transferable skill useful for their future life as well as enabling the positive and successful use of the electronic resources while at school. It is a known fact in this digital era that any student at the higher level who intends to better achieve and go further in academics should have the ability to explore the digital environment. Students are increasingly expected to use electronic information resources while at the university. Research was undertaken to determine the level of influence of self-efficacy and the use of electronic information resources on students’ academic performance. This study examined self-efficacy and the use of electronic information as predictors of academic performance. Its participants were comprised of 700 students (undergraduate and postgraduate) randomly drawn from seven departments in the faculty of education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on the study was collected through the Morgan-Jinks (1999) academic self-efficacy scale and the use of the electronic information scale (UEIS) with r = 0.75. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. The results indicate that self-efficacy and the use of electronic information jointly predict and contribute to academic performance; that respondents with high self-efficacy make better use of electronic information and have better academic performance; that a correlation exists among self-efficacy, use of electronic information and academic performance; and that the use of electronic information influenced respondents\u27 performance in General Education subjects more than other subjects. Finally, the results reveal that the Internet is the electronic information source students access for information most often. Implications of these results and recommendations are discussed