Digitization for libraries in Kenya

It is now over 10 years since the first online library service was introduced and much has happened to make digital collections a norm, not an exception. Libraries and archives have had to embrace ICT to keep abreast of user expectations, habits and global trends. Setting up of digital collections in Kenya has generally progressed more slowly than in other countries in Africa and the rest of the world. The progress made to date might be good, but the pace is not impressive. This is particularly worrying if measured against the developments of other libraries globally. Initiatives for library digitization are patchy, with academic and research institution libraries showing greatest advances. The status of digital libraries and the challenges that digitization presents, based on the literature and findings of a study, are mentioned. A proposal for the way forward, despite the hurdles, is presented at the end

Structure Conduct and Performance of Milk Market in Sululta Woreda, Ethioipia

This article investigated the structure conduct and performance of milk market in Sululta Woreda, using survey data for 2015/16. The study used the structure-conduct-performance model to determine the structure conduct and performance of milk market. Primary data was collected from randomly selected 150 milk producers and 40 traders. Concentration ratio and gross margin were used for this analysis. Following the four firms’ criteria of concentration ratio, Sululta Woreda milk market showed highly oligopolistic nature with concentration ratio of 87.16% which was dominated by four traders including dairy cooperative union and three processing plants. The maximum total gross marketing margin in the channels was about 54.55% and the highest producers’ share of consumers’ price was along producers – consumers’ market channel in channel VI. Therefore, the study recommends that promoting potentially collective organizations (groups of traders) which plays important role in reducing the level of oligopolistic nature of market should be in place. This should be coupled by strategies that improve competitiveness and efficiency of milk market. Keywords: Milk market, Structure conduct performance, Concentration ratio, marketing margi

PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN MESIN ADUK BERBASIS MESIN BOR

Pembuatan mesin pengaduk merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi gula merah dengan biaya rendah. Mesin pengaduk yang dihasilkan adalah rekayasa teknik sederhana dengan basis mesin bor meja, dan dapat digunakan untuk mengaduk maksimum 20 Kilogram adonan dengan kecepatan aduk sebesar 36 rpm serta torsi yang dihasilkan 98 Nm dan masih sesuai dengan batas aman daya motor sebesar 375 Watt. Fungsi rangka putar pada mesin pengaduk adalah untuk mengantisipasi diameter wajan yang digunakan dan rangka putar menerima beban cukup berat yang berasal dari motor. Analisa menggunakan konsep Tegangan Von Mises dan Tegangan Tensor menggunakan program CATIA V5 untuk menghitung besar tegangan yang diterima dan kekuatan rangka putar. Penggunaan rangka penopang diharapkan mampu mengurangi besarnya tegangan maksimum yang diterima oleh rangka putar. Hasil perancangan menyatakan, dengan massa adonan 5 Kg, maka torsi yang dibutuhkan adalah sebesar 25 Nm, dengan daya motor sebesar 375 Watt serta kecepatan aduk 120 Rpm. Sedangkan penganalisaan menggunakan CATIA V5 menegaskan bahwa rangka mesin aduk dapat dinyatakan aman dengan menghasilkan tegangan Von Mises rangka putar tanpa penopang sebesar 1,7 x 107 N/m2 sedangkan dengan menggunakan rangka penopang tegangan Von Mises yang dihasilkan sebesar 7,11 x 106 N/m2 . Analisa tegangan Tensor rangka putar tanpa penopang menggunakan CATIA V5 sebesar 1,19 x 107 N/m2 , sedangkan dengan menggunakan rangka penopang tegangan Tensor yang dihasilkan sebesar 4,5 x 106 N/m2

Capillary-Limited Evaporation From Well-Defined Microstructured Surfaces

Thermal management is increasingly becoming a bottleneck for a variety of high power density applications such as integrated circuits, solar cells, microprocessors, and energy conversion devices. The performance and reliability of these devices are usually limited by the rate at which heat can be removed from the device footprint, which averages well above 100 W/cm[superscript 2] (locally this heat flux can exceed 1000 W/cm[superscript 2]). State-of-the-art air cooling strategies which utilize the sensible heat are insufficient at these large heat fluxes. As a result, novel thermal management solutions such as via thin-film evaporation that utilize the latent heat of vaporization of a fluid are needed. The high latent heat of vaporization associated with typical liquidvapor phase change phenomena allows significant heat transfer with small temperature rise. In this work, we demonstrate a promising thermal management approach where square arrays of cylindrical micropillar arrays are used for thin-film evaporation. The microstructures control the liquid film thickness and the associated thermal resistance in addition to maintaining a continuous liquid supply via the capillary pumping mechanism. When the capillary-induced liquid supply mechanism cannot deliver sufficient liquid for phase change heat transfer, the critical heat flux is reached and dryout occurs. This capillary limitation on thin-film evaporation was experimentally investigated by fabricating well-defined silicon micropillar arrays using standard contact photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. A thin film resistive heater and thermal sensors were integrated on the back side of the test sample using e-beam evaporation and acetone lift-off. The experiments were carried out in a controlled environmental chamber maintained at the water saturation pressure of ≈3.5 kPa and ≈25 °C. We demonstrated significantly higher heat dissipation capability in excess of 100 W/cm[superscript 2]. These preliminary results suggest the potential of thin-film evaporation from microstructured surfaces for advanced thermal management applications.United States. Office of Naval ResearchNational Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramBattell

SCREENING PANELIS INTERNAL DI PT FOODEX INTI INGREDIENTS: Internal Panelist Screening at PT Foodex Inti Ingredients

Internal panelist screening is a selection activity for a panelist who can recognize and have good sensory attribute sensitivity. This study aims to obtain internal panelists with a minimal category as moderately trained panelists, who will then be used as panelists for the differentiation test. Screening panelists at PT Foodex Inti Ingredients were carried out by conducting several sensory sensitivity tests, namely basic taste identification test, basic taste intensity test, aroma identification test, and flavor identification test. The screening internal panelist was attended by 14 participants from several different departments. Participants must be able to meet the requirements that have been set to become panelists, these requirements are: (1) to have a 100% correct score on the identification and basic taste intensity test, and (2) to have a minimum score of 70% of the overall score. Based on the tests, 5 participants managed to become internal panelists at PT Foodex Inti Ingredients. These five internal panelists will join other internal panelists and be used as a panelist in the differentiation test. Participants who do not pass are allowed to join the internal panelist screening in the next period. ABSTRAKScreening panelis internal merupakan kegiatan seleksi panelis internal yang mampu mengenali dan memiliki kepekaan atribut sensori dengan baik. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mendapatkan Screening panelis di PT Foodex inti Ingredients dilakukan dengan melakukan beberapa uji kepekaan sensori yaitu uji identifikasi rasa dasar, uji intensitas rasa dasar, uji identifikasi aroma, dan uji identifikasi flavor. Kegiatan screening panelis internal diikuti oleh 14 peserta yang berasal dari beberapa departemen berbeda. Peserta harus dapat memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan untuk menjadi panelis, syarat tersebut yaitu: (1) memiliki nilai benar 100 % pada uji identifikasi dan intensitas rasa dasar, dan (2) memiliki nilai minimal 70 % dari nilai keseluruhan. Berdasarkan uji yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan 5 peserta yang berhasil menjadi panelis internal di PT Foodex Inti Ingredients. Kelima panelis internal ini akan bergabung dengan panelis internal lainnya dan digunakan sebagai panelis pada uji pembedaan, sedangkan peserta yang tidak lolos diberikan kesempatan untuk melakukan screening panelis internal di periode selanjutnya

Evaporation-Induced Cassie Droplets on Superhydrophilic Microstructured Surfaces

A droplet deposited on a rough, lyophilic surface satisfying the imbibition condition, results in complete wetting. However, in this work, we demonstrate that this behavior can be altered by superheating the substrate such that droplets can reside in a non-wetting Cassie state due to evaporation. Photolithography and deep reactive ion etching were used to fabricate a well-defined silicon micropillar array with diameter, height, and center-to-center spacings of 5.3, 21.7 and 27.5 μm, respectively. Water droplets placed on this microstructured surface at room temperature demonstrated superhydrophilic behavior with liquid filling the voids between pillars resulting in a vanishing contact angle. However, when the microstructured surface was superheated above a critical value, the superhydrophilicity was lost and non-wetting Cassie droplets were formed. The superheat required to deposit a Cassie droplet (>75°C) was found to be significantly higher than that required to sustain an already deposited Cassie droplet (<35°C). Interestingly, the superheat required to sustain a Cassie droplet after the initial deposition was found to decrease with the square of the droplet radius. These observations where an inherently superhydrophilic structured surface turns into superhydrophobic at nominal superheats has implications for phase change based heat transfer applications where the loss of contact between the substrate and the heat transfer fluid can be detrimental to the device performance. Topics: Drops, EvaporationUnited States. Office of Naval Researc

PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDAPATAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN TARUNA SATRIA PEKANBARU

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui signifikasi Pengaruh Tingkat Pendapatan Orang Tua Terhadap Minat Berwirausha Siswa Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Taruna Satria Pekanbaru kelas XI jurusan Mesin Otomotif (MO), pada Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengaruh Tingkat Pendapatan Orang Tua Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Siswa Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa yang ada di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Taruna Satria Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 468 siswa. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dari siswa kelas XI Mesin Otomotif (MO) sebanyak 25 siswa, dengan teknik Purposive Stratified Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data diambil melalui angket, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul sesuai dengan jenis penelitian ini yaitu variabel X (Tingkat Pendapatan Orang Tua) bersifat ordinal yang kemudian diubah menjadi data interval, maka penulis menggunakan rumus Product moment dengan bantuan perangkat komputer melalui program SPSS for windows versi 16.00. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Tingkat Pendapatan Orang Tua Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Taruna Satria Pekanbaru, hal ini dikarenakan robservasi sebesar 0,273 lebih besar dari rtabel pada taraf signifikan 5% maupun 1%. Dengan demikian maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, yang berarti Tingkat Pendapatan Orang Tua mempunyai Pengaruh Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pendapatan Orang Tua, Minat Berwirausaha Sisw

A Critical analysis of the role of the private sector and civil society in regional integration in East Africa

Magister Legum - LL