342 research outputs found
Contrabando y defraudación aduanera en Centroamérica = Smuggling and customs fraud in Central America
Este estudio tratĂł de establecer una base de cĂĄlculo para cuantificar el valor del comercio ilĂcito en los paĂses centroamericanos. Contar con un anĂĄlisis del comercio ilĂcito en la regiĂłn es valioso porque no hay un estudio similar, y por tanto, constituye un punto de partida para polĂticas pĂșblicas orientadas a la reducciĂłn y prevenciĂłn de las actividades ilĂcitas del contrabando y la defraudaciĂłn aduanera
Guidelines for Rural Development Public Policy for Colombia : the case of Flor del Monte, La Peña and San Rafael in the Municipality of Ovejas (Sucre, Colombia)
RESUMEN: Este artĂculo presenta algunas recomendaciones para la formulaciĂłn de lineamientos de polĂtica pĂșblica de desarrollo rural con enfoques territorial, poblacional y de derechos para el municipio de Ovejas (Sucre, Colombia). Para el logro de este propĂłsito, se aborda en un primer momento al contexto polĂtico y normativo y las principales problemĂĄticas de Montes de MarĂa, en un segundo momento, al contexto polĂtico, la normativa
y la institucionalidad del municipio de Ovejas. Y, en un tercer momento, se hacen las recomendaciones para la formulaciĂłn de lĂneas de acciĂłn de polĂtica pĂșblica de desarrollo rural, a partir del anĂĄlisis de la fuente documental y el trabajo empĂrico realizado en la investigaciĂłn. Se desea aportar elementos para continuar avanzando en la construcciĂłn de una polĂtica de desarrollo agrario integral para Colombia con enfoques que permitan atender los requerimientos de los territorios en sus distintas dimensiones y los derechos de sus pobladores, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias de gĂ©nero y Ă©tnicas, la participaciĂłn democrĂĄtica y la necesidad de fortalecer la institucionalidad pĂșblica y la gobernanza local (Naranjo Giraldo, Lopera & Granada, 2009).ABSTRACT: This article presents some recommendations for the formulation of guidelines of rural development public policy with a territorial, population approach and rights for the municipality of Ovejas (Sucre, Colombia). To achieve this purpose, initially it addresses the political and regulatory context and the main problems facing Montes de MarĂa, in a second instance, the political context, the rules and institutions of Ovejas municipality. And, in a
third moment, the recommendations for the formulation of lines of action regarding rural developmnet public policy are given, from the analysis of document sources and empirical research work, as well. It is desired to provide elements to further progress in building a policiy of comprehensive agricultural development for Colombia with approaches to meet the requirements of the territories in their various dimensions and the rights of their people, taking into account gender and ethnic differences, democratic participation and the need to strengthen public institutions and local governance (Naranjo Giraldo, Lopera, & Granada, 2009)
Bullets over ballots: Islamist groups, the state and electoral violence in Egypt and Morocco
This article is concerned with state-sponsored electoral violence in liberalized autocracies. The first section of the paper identifies a number of variables that can help explain the decision calculus of authoritarian incumbents to deploy force against strong electoral challengers. The second section then examines these propositions with reference to Egypt and Morocco. Drawing on recent parliamentary elections in both countries the article questions why, despite facing the challenge of political Islam, the two regimes differed so markedly in their willingness to manipulate the polls by recourse to violence. Whilst the Egyptian authorities decided to abrogate all pretence of peaceful elections in favour of violent repression against the Muslim Brotherhood candidates and sympathizers, no such tactics were deployed by the ruling elite in Morocco. We suggest that three principal factors influenced the regimes' response to this electoral challenge: (1) the centrality of the elected institution to authoritarian survival; (2) the availability of alternative electioneering tools; and (3) the anticipated response of the international community. The article concludes by suggesting that in order to understand better when and how states deploy violence in elections, we need to focus on a more complex set of factors rather than simply on the electoral potency of key opposition challengers or the authoritarian nature of the state
From 'One Namibia, One Nation' towards 'Unity in Diversity? Shifting representations of culture and nationhood in Namibian Independence Day celebrations, 1990-2010
In 2010 Namibia celebrated its twentieth anniversary of independence from South African rule. The main celebrations in the
countryâs capital Windhoek became the stage for an impressively orchestrated demonstration of maturing nationhood,
symbolically embracing postcolonial policy concepts such as ânational reconciliationâ, âunityâ and âdiversityâ. At the same time,
nation building in post-apartheid Namibia is characterised by a high degree of social and political fragmentation that manifests
itself in cultural and/or ethnic discourses of belonging. Taking the highly significant independence jubilee as our vantage point,
we map out a shift of cultural representations of the nation in Independence Day celebrations since 1990, embodied by the two
prominent slogans of âOne Namibia, one Nationâ and âUnity in Diversityâ. As we will argue, the difficult and at times highly
fragile postcolonial disposition made it necessary for the SWAPO government, as primary nation builder, to accommodate the
demands of regions and local communities in its policy frameworks. This negotiation of local identifications and national
belonging in turn shaped, and continues to shape, the performative dimension of Independence Day celebrations in Namibia.Web of Scienc
Spring Study 2001
Political attitudes and behaviour. Party assessement. Topics: confidence or fears about the future; satisfaction with democracy; sympathy scales for the parties CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP, BĂŒndnis90/Die GrĂŒnen, PDS and Republikaner; right-left placement of the above-mentioned parties; right-left self-assessment; party affiliation and party; strength of party affiliation; fundamental or current party affiliation; self-assessment of voter type (common voter, alternate voter, non-voter); participation in the 1998 federal election and electoral behaviour; satisfaction with the politics of the elected party; party preference (sunday question); importance of different political tasks (good economic situation, effective protection against crime, protection of pensions, environmental protection, job security, uniform living conditions in East and West Germany, reduction of national debt, families with children, restriction of immigration); the most appropriate party for solving the above-mentioned tasks; assessment of the social order as fair or rather unfair; membership of a privileged or disadvantaged population group; opinion on statements on the state and on politics (only with socialism can all problems be solved, only by applying the law of the strongest in politics, can humanityÂŽs problems be solved, the desire for a classless society, no more ideals for orientation in todayÂŽs society, in every democracy there are conflicts that have to be carried out by force, no better form of state than democracy, even if many things do not run as desired,ÂŽThe ones up thereÂŽ do only what they want; views on politics (concerns to get more and more on the losing side, confidence that the state is doing the right thing for citizens, key branches of the economy must be nationalized, capitalism destroys the world, foreigners and asylum seekers are the ruin of Germany, Christian religion is superior to the Islamic religion, wealthy and powerful people prevent citizens from receiving the fair share of their work, most people donÂŽt know how much their lives have been controlled by secret plans); opinion on family and gender roles (happy life without family, fulfillment of the womanÂŽs professional wishes in a marriage or partnership; partnership is important, the man should have the last word in case of differences of opinion between (married) partners, a woman must have children in order to be happy); own internet connection; internet use in the last weeks; own e-mail address. Demography: sex; age (birth year); denomination; frequency of church attendance; connectedness to the church; education; type of vocational training; occupation or occupation; previous occupation; current or former employment in public service; employment as a worker, clerk or civil servant; current or former employment in public service; former professional position; occupational characteristics; union member in household; affiliation with trade unions; cohabitation with a partner; marital status; number of persons contributing to household income; monthly net household income; number of persons in the household (household size). Additionally coded was: region (West/East); weighting factors.Politische Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. Beurteilung von Parteien. Themen: Zuversicht oder BefĂŒrchtungen in Bezug auf die Zukunft; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Sympathie-Skalometer fĂŒr die Parteien CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP, BĂŒndnis90/Die GrĂŒnen, PDS und Republikaner; Rechts-Links-Einstufung der vorgenannten Parteien; Rechts-Links-Selbsteinstufung; Parteineigung und Partei; StĂ€rke der Parteineigung; grundsĂ€tzliche oder derzeitige Parteineigung; Selbsteinstufung WĂ€hlertyp (StammwĂ€hler, WechselwĂ€hler, NichtwĂ€hler); Beteiligung an der Bundestagswahl 1998 und Wahlverhalten; Zufriedenheit mit der Politik der gewĂ€hlten Partei; ParteiprĂ€ferenz (Sonntagsfrage); Wichtigkeit ausgewĂ€hlter politischer Aufgaben (gute Wirtschaftslage, wirksamer Schutz vor Verbrechen, Rentensicherung, Umweltschutz, Sicherung von ArbeitsplĂ€tzen, einheitliche LebensverhĂ€ltnisse in Ost- und Westdeutschland, Verringern der Staatsverschuldung, Familien mit Kindern, EinschrĂ€nkung des AuslĂ€nderzuzugs); geeignetste Partei zur Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgaben; Bewertung der Gesellschaftsordnung als gerecht oder eher ungerecht; Zugehörigkeit zu einer bevorzugten oder benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppe; Meinung zu Aussagen zum Staat und zur Politik (nur mit dem Sozialismus lassen sich alle Probleme lösen, nur bei Anwendung des Rechts des StĂ€rkeren in der Politik, lassen sich Probleme der Menschheit lösen, Wunsch nach klassenloser Gesellschaft, fehlende Ideale zur Orientierung in der heutigen Gesellschaft, in jeder Demokratie gibt es Konflikte, die mit Gewalt ausgetragen werden mĂŒssen, keine bessere Staatsform als Demokratie, auch wenn vieles nicht wie gewĂŒnscht lĂ€uft, ÂŽDie da obenÂŽ machen nur was sie wollen); Ansichten zur Politik (Sorgen, immer mehr auf die Verliererseite zu geraten, Vertrauen, dass der Staat das Richtige fĂŒr die BĂŒrger tut, SchlĂŒsselzweige der Wirtschaft mĂŒssen verstaatlicht werden, Kapitalismus richtet die Welt zugrunde, AuslĂ€nder und Asylanten sind der Ruin Deutschlands, christliche Religion ist der islamischen ĂŒberlegen, Reiche und MĂ€chtige verhindern, dass BĂŒrger den gerechten Anteil ihrer Arbeit erhalten, Ahnungslosigkeit der meisten Menschen, wie stark ihr Leben von geheimen PlĂ€nen kontrolliert wird); Meinung zu Familie und Geschlechterrollen (glĂŒckliches Leben auch ohne Familie, ErfĂŒllung beruflicher WĂŒnsche der Frau in einer Ehe bzw. Partnerschaft wichtig, der Mann sollte das letzte Wort haben bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten zwischen (Ehe-)Partnern, Frau muss Kinder haben, um glĂŒcklich zu sein); eigener Internetanschluss; Internetnutzung in den letzten Wochen; eigene E-Mail-Adresse. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (Geburtsjahr); Konfession; KirchgangshĂ€ufigkeit; Verbundenheit mit der Kirche; Schulabschluss; Art der abgeschlossenen beruflichen Ausbildung; BerufstĂ€tigkeit bzw. TĂ€tigkeit; frĂŒhere BerufstĂ€tigkeit; derzeitige oder frĂŒhere TĂ€tigkeit im öffentlichen Dienst; TĂ€tigkeit im öffentlichen Dienst als Arbeiter, Angestellter oder Beamter; derzeitige bzw. frĂŒhere berufliche Stellung; berufliche Charakteristika; Gewerkschaftsmitglied im Haushalt; Verbundenheit mit Gewerkschaften; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Familienstand; Anzahl der Personen, die zum Haushaltseinkommen beitragen; monatliches Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt (HaushaltsgröĂe). ZusĂ€tzlich verkodet wurde: Region (West/ Ost); Gewichtungsfaktoren
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