Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles of photomodified natural bitumen of Agbabu, Southwestern Nigeria

The impact of sunlight on aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles of Agbabu natural bitumen in Nigeria was investigated. The raw flow type of the bitumen was purified and exposed to sunlight for six consecutive months. Different portions of the bitumen were withdrawn at an interval of one month and were separated into aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fractions by column chromatography, followed by the GC analyses of various fractions. The total aliphatic hydrocarbon content was found to be 485, 424, 416 and 392 g/kg for control, one, three and six months solar-irradiated bitumen samples, respectively; while the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content found in the control, one, three and six months solar-irradiated bitumen samples were 708, 733, 609 and 638 µg/g, respectively. The effects of sunlight on the compositional patterns of bitumen were discussed. KEY WORDS: Agbabu, Bitumen, Sunlight, GC, Aliphatic hydrocarbon, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon  Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010, 24(3), 461-466

Adsorption of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Hg ions on Formaldehyde and Pyridine Modified Bean Husks

Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions on formaldehyde and Pyridine modified bean husks were determined. The adsorption capacity of formaldehyde modified bean husks (mg/g) was: Pb2+, 5.01; Cd2+, 3.63; Zn2+, 2.18; Hg2+, 1.82; Cu2+, 1.58 and that of pyridine modified bean husk was: Hg2+, 6.92; Cd2+, 3.63; Pb2+, 2.64; Zn2+, 2.48; Cu2+, 1.91. The Freundlich equation parameter 1/n for the metal ions were found to be less than unity which indicates that adsorption of metals on bean husks have increased as a result of modification. The calculated value from Freundlich adsorption parameter (KF) and Langmuir adsorption parameter (qmax) showed that the adsorption capacities of the metal ions are in order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Hg2+ > Cu2+ for formaldehyde modified bean husks and Hg2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ for pyridine modified bean husks. The binding capacity study showed that the formaldehyde modified bean husks could be employed in the removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from industrial effluent especially in the battery manufacturing, paints and dyes industries. This study also indicates that the pyridine modified bean husk could remove Hg2+ better than the formaldehyde modified bean husk in the printing and minting industrial effluent

Removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ ions from aqueous solution by earthworm cast soil

The problem of removing pollutants from aqueous wastewater is growing with the increase in water pollution owing to enhanced industrial activities. Three earthworm cast soil types were studied. Modified and unmodified types were prepared and used for removal of lead and Chromium ions. At about 298 K, the earthworm cast soil types, modified and unmodified removed lead and Chromium ions from aqueous solution. Both equilibrium and dynamic sorption experiments showed that physically and chemically modified earthworm cast soils removed lead and chromium ions better than the unmodified form. The equilibrium data fitted well into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The unmodified earthworm cast soil with a dynamic equilibrium constant, Kc of 266 performed better in lead(ii) ion removal than chromium(vi) ion with a dynamic equilibrium constant of 4 at 298 K. �G°, the standard free energy change of adsorption of Pb2+ and Cr6+ onto unmodified earthworm cast soil is negative which implied spontaneity and feasibility of adsorption process. The cheapness and the local availability of this soil type give it an added advantage for effluent treatment in heavy metals removal in the environmen

Removal of Pb2+ and Cr6+ ions from aqueous solution by earthworm cast soil

The problem of removing pollutants from aqueous wastewater is growing with the increase in water pollution owing to enhanced industrial activities. Three earthworm cast soil types were studied. Modified and unmodified types were prepared and used for removal of lead and Chromium ions. At about 298 K, the earthworm cast soil types, modified and unmodified removed lead and Chromium ions from aqueous solution. Both equilibrium and dynamic sorption experiments showed that physically and chemically modified earthworm cast soils removed lead and chromium ions better than the unmodified form. The equilibrium data fitted well into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The unmodified earthworm cast soil with a dynamic equilibrium constant, Kc of 266 performed better in lead(ii) ion removal than chromium(vi) ion with a dynamic equilibrium constant of 4 at 298 K. �G°, the standard free energy change of adsorption of Pb2+ and Cr6+ onto unmodified earthworm cast soil is negative which implied spontaneity and feasibility of adsorption process. The cheapness and the local availability of this soil type give it an added advantage for effluent treatment in heavy metals removal in the environment

Adsorption of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Hg ions on Formaldehyde and Pyridine Modified Bean Husks

Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions on formaldehyde and Pyridine modified bean husks were determined. The adsorption capacity of formaldehyde modified bean husks (mg/g) was: Pb2+, 5.01; Cd2+, 3.63; Zn2+, 2.18; Hg2+, 1.82; Cu2+, 1.58 and that of pyridine modified bean husk was: Hg2+, 6.92; Cd2+, 3.63; Pb2+, 2.64; Zn2+, 2.48; Cu2+, 1.91. The Freundlich equation parameter 1/n for the metal ions were found to be less than unity which indicates that adsorption of metals on bean husks have increased as a result of modification. The calculated value from Freundlich adsorption parameter (KF) and Langmuir adsorption parameter (qmax) showed that the adsorption capacities of the metal ions are in order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Hg2+ > Cu2+ for formaldehyde modified bean husks and Hg2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ for pyridine modified bean husks. The binding capacity study showed that the formaldehyde modified bean husks could be employed in the removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from industrial effluent especially in the battery manufacturing, paints and dyes industries. This study also indicates that the pyridine modified bean husk could remove Hg2+ better than the formaldehyde modified bean husk in the printing and minting industrial effluent

Adsorption of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Hg ions on Formaldehyde and Pyridine Modified Bean Husks

Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions on formaldehyde and Pyridine modified bean husks were determined. The adsorption capacity of formaldehyde modified bean husks (mg/g) was: Pb2+, 5.01; Cd2+, 3.63; Zn2+, 2.18; Hg2+, 1.82; Cu2+, 1.58 and that of pyridine modified bean husk was: Hg2+, 6.92; Cd2+, 3.63; Pb2+, 2.64; Zn2+, 2.48; Cu2+, 1.91. The Freundlich equation parameter 1/n for the metal ions were found to be less than unity which indicates that adsorption of metals on bean husks have increased as a result of modification. The calculated value from Freundlich adsorption parameter (KF) and Langmuir adsorption parameter (qmax) showed that the adsorption capacities of the metal ions are in order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Hg2+ > Cu2+ for formaldehyde modified bean husks and Hg2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ for pyridine modified bean husks. The binding capacity study showed that the formaldehyde modified bean husks could be employed in the removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from industrial effluent especially in the battery manufacturing, paints and dyes industries. This study also indicates that the pyridine modified bean husk could remove Hg2+ better than the formaldehyde modified bean husk in the printing and minting industrial effluent