318 research outputs found
The Christian Denomination and Christian Doctrine
https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/crs_books/1569/thumbnail.jp
The Impact of Line Misidentification on Cosmological Constraints from Euclid and other Spectroscopic Galaxy Surveys
We perform forecasts for how baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale and
redshift-space distortion (RSD) measurements from future spectroscopic emission
line galaxy (ELG) surveys such as Euclid are degraded in the presence of
spectral line misidentification. Using analytic calculations verified with mock
galaxy catalogs from log-normal simulations we find that constraints are
degraded in two ways, even when the interloper power spectrum is modeled
correctly in the likelihood. Firstly, there is a loss of signal-to-noise ratio
for the power spectrum of the target galaxies, which propagates to all
cosmological constraints and increases with contamination fraction, .
Secondly, degeneracies can open up between and cosmological parameters.
In our calculations this typically increases BAO scale uncertainties at the
10-20% level when marginalizing over parameters determining the broadband power
spectrum shape. External constraints on , or parameters determining the
shape of the power spectrum, for example from cosmic microwave background (CMB)
measurements, can remove this effect. There is a near-perfect degeneracy
between and the power spectrum amplitude for low values, where
is not well determined from the contaminated sample alone. This has the
potential to strongly degrade RSD constraints. The degeneracy can be broken
with an external constraint on , for example from cross-correlation with a
separate galaxy sample containing the misidentified line, or deeper
sub-surveys.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, updated to match version accepted by ApJ (extra
paragraph added at the end of Section 4.3, minor text edits
Functional characterization of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP71AU87 indicates a role in marrubiin biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Marrubium vulgare.
BackgroundHorehound (Marrubium vulgare) is a medicinal plant whose signature bioactive compounds, marrubiin and related furanoid diterpenoid lactones, have potential applications for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Lack of scalable plant cultivation and the complex metabolite profile of M. vulgare limit access to marrubiin via extraction from plant biomass. Knowledge of the marrubiin-biosynthetic enzymes can enable the development of metabolic engineering platforms for marrubiin production. We previously identified two diterpene synthases, MvCPS1 and MvELS, that act sequentially to form 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene. Conversion of 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) enzymes can be hypothesized to facilitate key functional modification reactions in the formation of marrubiin and related compounds.ResultsMining a M. vulgare leaf transcriptome database identified 95 full-length P450 candidates. Cloning and functional analysis of select P450 candidates showing high transcript abundance revealed a member of the CYP71 family, CYP71AU87, that catalyzed the hydroxylation of 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene to yield two isomeric products, 9,13-epoxy labd-14-ene-18-ol and 9,13-epoxy labd-14-ene-19-ol, as verified by GC-MS and NMR analysis. Additional transient Nicotiana benthamiana co-expression assays of CYP71AU87 with different diterpene synthase pairs suggested that CYP71AU87 is specific to the sequential MvCPS1 and MvELS product 9,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene. Although the P450 products were not detectable in planta, high levels of CYP71AU87 gene expression in marrubiin-accumulating tissues supported a role in the formation of marrubiin and related diterpenoids in M. vulgare.ConclusionsIn a sequential reaction with the diterpene synthase pair MvCPS1 and MvELS, CYP71AU87 forms the isomeric products 9,13-epoxy labd-14-ene-18/19-ol as probable intermediates in marrubiin biosynthesis. Although its metabolic relevance in planta will necessitate further genetic studies, identification of the CYP71AU87 catalytic activity expands our knowledge of the functional landscape of plant P450 enzymes involved in specialized diterpenoid metabolism and can provide a resource for the formulation of marrubiin and related bioactive natural products
A critical appraisal of "The effectiveness of core stabilization exercise in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized control trial"
Background: Core stabilization training is used to improve postural balance in musculoskeletal problems.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stabilization training in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Study design: A randomized controlled trial, pretest–posttest design.
Methods: In total, 25 subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were randomly divided into two groups: stabilization group (n=12) and control group (n=13). The stabilization group received core stabilization in addition to traditional rehabilitation, and the control group received traditional rehabilitation for 10 weeks. Assessment included Cobb's angle on radiograph, apical vertebral rotation in Adam's test, trunk asymmetry (Posterior Trunk Symmetry Index), cosmetic trunk deformity (Trunk Appearance Perception Scale), and quality of life (Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire). Results: Inter-group comparisons showed significantly greater improvements in the mean change in lumbar apical vertebral rotation degree and the pain domain of Scoliosis Research Society-22 in the stabilization group than those in the control group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed for other measurements between the groups; however, trends toward greater improvement were observed in the stabilization group.
Conclusion: Core stabilization training in addition to traditional exercises was more effective than traditional exercises alone in the correction of vertebral rotation and reduction of pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Cosmological Tensions and the Transitional Planck Mass Model
In this followup analysis, we update previous constraints on the Transitional
Planck Mass (TPM) modified gravity model using the latest version of EFTCAMB
and provide new constraints using SPT and Planck anisotropy data along with
Planck CMB lensing, BAO, SNe Ia, and an prior from local measurements. We
find that large shifts in the Planck mass lead to large suppression of power on
small scales that is disfavored by both SPT and Planck. Using only SPT TE-EE
data, this suppression of power can be compensated for by an upward shift of
the scalar index to resulting in kmsMpc and a shift in the Planck
mass. Including Planck TT and Planck TE-EE data restricts the
shift to be at with
kmsMpc. Excluding the prior, SPT and Planck data constrain
the shift in the Planck mass to be at with a best-fit value of
, consistent with the CDM limit. In this case kmsMpc, which is partially elevated by the
dynamics of the scalar-field in the late universe. This differs from EDE models
that prefer higher values of when high Planck TT data are
excluded. We additionally constrain TPM using RSD data from BOSS DR 12 and
cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and galaxy clustering data from DES Y1
finding both disfavor transitions close to recombination, but earlier Planck
mass transitions are allowed.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, 8 table
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