Preparation, characterization and modification of activated carbon for arsenic removal from water / Pasilatun Adawiyah Ismail

Arsenic, a highly toxic contaminant in drinking water had threatened all types of living thing in the world. The inorganic forms of arsenic which are arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) are the most common forms of arsenic that contaminating the underground water. Available technologies for arsenic removal in water are more efficient for arsenic (V) removal since oxidation state of arsenic (V) has make it less mobile compare to arsenic (III) and tends to co-precipitate out with metallic cation or to adsorb onto solid surface. Different types of adsorbents such as Activated Carbon (AC) have been tested by many researchers. However, the removal level of the activated carbon does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines level of 10 ppb since arsenic (III) species are completely neutral and difficult to adsorb on the less polar activated carbon surface. In this work, AC was prepared from Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and was activated using steam followed by surface modification for arsenic removal from water. Influencing parameter such as activation temperature ranges of 500-800°C and activation time ranges of 30-150 minutes which affecting the formation pore size resulting in AC adsorption surface area was studied. The AC was characterized by determination of methylene blue number, iodine value and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. It was found that the optimum activation temperature of PKS was obtained at 750°C with iodine value of 769 mg/g and BET surface area of 1286 m²/g in determining the optimum temperature for activation with constant activation time of 1 hour. Meanwhile on the optimum activation time study, it was found that the constant activation temperature of 750°C and 90 minutes of activation time gave the highest iodine value of 696 mg/g with BET surface area of 1350m²/g. When iron range of 5-15 % was loaded on raw PKS and PKS char, followed by steam activation at 750°C for 90 minutes, higher Methylene blue uptake trend was obtained by AC with iron loaded on raw PKS compare to those loaded on PKS char. However all of AC loaded on raw PKS and PKS char showed decreasing trend of iodine value with increasing trend of iron concentration, thus indicating good iron dispersion in some micropores which in turn would be effective for arsenic separation. This also indicates that amount of impregnated material effect the adsorption properties of AC. The efficiency of arsenic removal was studied in batch and continuous column by using pure synthesis AC and iron loaded AC that were prepared by loading with 10 % iron on raw PKS term as FACC 2. Pure synthesized AC showed poor removal of arsenic (III) with only maximum 52% of it can be removed in batch adsorption process, while it is 48% in continuous column adsorption process. It was also noted that bed thickness of AC affected the arsenic (III) removal efficiency significantly. Meanwhile almost complete (99%) arsenic (III) can be removed from water using FACC 2 both in continuous column filtration system as well as large scale filtration, 24 L/day

The realisation of covering ‘aurat among the successful women in Malaysia

Among the conditions prescribed to working women is that they must perfectly cover themselves whenever they are at their working place. However, Muslims today are ‘haunted’ with a dilemma that influenced the thinking of whether to defend the Islamic laws or make changes to suit modernization. Thus, the involvement of women in the employment field to enhance the economic transformation clearly needs guidance and the right inspiration based on the Islamic law. Data were collected through qualitative design using in-depth interviews and analysis of documents involving past literatures and views of the contemporary scholars. In-depth interviews were conducted with women of higher grade in public sector, specifically grade 54 and JUSA. Supporting data of this study involved interviews with husbands, children, employers and colleagues to create a triangulation data. The findings of the study was analysed thematically using Nvivo 7.0 software

Career guidance system for secondary school students / Rabiatul Adawiyah Ismail

This research project is about developing career guidance system for secondary school students. The objectives of this research are to acquire knowledge of conventional way of conducting career guidance in secondary schools, to design career guidance system for secondary school students and to develop career guidance system for secondary school students in Malaysia. The methods used in tiie development of this project require interviewing of career guidance expert and guidance teachers and reviewing similar systems on the Internet. The information obtained from these two approaches was subsequently analyzed. The possibility of this system to be useful to secondary school students is high because all the critical functions and important features which must be provided to them are included in the system as suggested by the career expert and guidance teacher

Perlu pantauan pakar psikiatri

Bekas perogol bersiri warga Malaysia, S Selva Kumar perlu menemui pakar psikiatri secara berkala bagi mengetahui tahap kesihatan mentalnya

[Syariah Maqasid Perspective in Preserving Family Institution] Perspektif Maqasid Syariah dalam Memelihara Institusi Keluarga

Family institutions are the basic structure of the entire social and cultural system of a society. Nowadays, however, a variety of social symptoms occur that show Muslims have neglected the true purpose of establishing a family institution. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the perspective of the syariah maqasid in preserving family institutions. This study is a qualitative study primary and secondary books. In order to obtain data, researchers analyze by using descriptive content analysis. The study found that the syariah maqasid’s perspective in preserving family institutions is to preserve the continuity of the lineage, to preserve the legitimacy of the lineage and to preserve the quality of the offspring’s integrity in ensuring the preservation of the syariah maqasid in the family institution in order to preserve the survival of the offspring in accordance with Allah SWT’s command. Institusi keluarga merupakan struktur asas bagi keseluruhan sistem sosial dan kebudayaan dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Namun kini, pelbagai gejala sosial berlaku menunjukkan umat Islam gagal merealisasi matlamat pembentukan institusi keluarga dalam kehidupan. Justeru, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti perspektif maqasid syariah dalam memelihara institusi keluarga. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan buku-buku primer dan sekunder. Bagi mendapatkan data, pengkaji menganalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kandungan secara deskriptif. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa perspektif maqasid dalam memelihara institusi keluarga bertujuan memelihara kesinambungan manusia, kestabilan keluarga dan kualiti kesolehan keturunan dalam memastikan pemeliharaan institusi keluarga. Implikasi kajian dapat membantu ibu bapa memahami perspektif maqasid syariah dalam institusi keluarga bagi memelihara kelangsungan keturunan sejajar dengan perintah Allah SWT.&nbsp

Faktor penulisan ilmu dakwah dalam Islam

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti faktor penulisan ilmu dakwah dalam kalangan para ulama. Perbincangan ini memfokuskan mengenai penulisan ilmu dalam pelbagai kecenderungan terutamanya penyebaran dan pembentukan pelaksanaan dakwah secara menyeluruh. Faktor mengenai penulisan ilmu dakwah dalam Islam ini boleh diaplikasikan dalam penerapan ilmu dakwah kepada masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia

Analysis of rain fade mitigation using site diversity on earth-to-satellite microwave links at Ku-Band

Rain is the major challenge to design reliable earth to satellite microwave link at higher frequencies in tropical regions. Site diversity is one of the techniques used to mitigate this problem. Hodge Site Diversity Gain Model, ITU-R Site Diversity Gain Model and ITU-R Diversity Improvement Factor Model are analyzed based on rainfall data measured in Malaysia and four locations in Kuala Lumpur and MEASAT3A as reference satellite. In analysis, it is found that significant improvement in availability can be achieved through the site separations of 6 to 37 Km in site diversity technique

Chemical Composition and The Potential Biological Activities Of Piper Betel – A Review

Piper betel is a member of the family Piperaceae, commonly known as Sirih (Malaysia and Indonesia), Paan (India and Bangladesh), Betel (English) and Phlu (Thailand). It is widely found and grown in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, other Southeast Asian and East African countries. Piper betel is widely used throughout the world even in modern days due to its known medicinal properties. Betel plant contains various biologically active compounds, which are responsible for its numerous pharmacological actions. The medicinal profile reveals Piper betel to have a high potential for treating many diseases and conditions. Further studies of betel plant are recommended to focus on the variety of metabolic activities in human, thus, improving its usage medically that will be beneficial to mankind

Nursery schools: characterization of heavy metal content in indoor dust / Fairus Muhamad-Darus … [et al.]

Interior floor dust is found to be one of the major pathways of childhood exposure to indoor air pollutants. This study aims to carry out a general survey of heavy metals (Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb) contamination at selected nursery school buildings in Shah Alam, Selangor and to study their relationship with the surrounding environment. The samples were collected using a brush and a plastic dust pan, after which the samples were digested using the wet digestion method. The heavy metal concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometer (ICPOES). The results show that the heavy metal concentrations at nursery school building were in the range 901.2 - 1510.0, 13.3 - 76.7, 12.0 - 22.6, 22.2 - 42.7, 1489.0 - 7919.0, 5.5 -14.4, 13.2 - 64.6, 93.3 - 220.4mg kg-1 for Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb respectively. The heavy metal concentration in the investigated areas followed the order Fe > Al > Zn > Pb > Ba > Cu > Cr > Ni. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to ascertain the possible contributing factors towards the metal concentrations and thereby determine which metals have a common origin. PCA analysis indicated that three factors indicated source of mixed origin including mobile vehicle, street dust and natural sources

Sol–gel coated polypropylene hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in real water samples

A sol–gel coated hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method was developed for the extraction of triazine herbicides. The polypropylene hollow fiber was coated with polydimethylsiloxane–divinylbenzene using sol–gel method and characterized. The developed method was compared with uncoated hollow fiber LPME method for the extraction of simazine, atrazine, and propazine prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Optimized conditions for both coated and uncoated hollow fibers LPME methods were toluene as an acceptor phase, length of hollow fiber (1.5 cm), volume of acceptor phase (3.0 µL), stirring rate (1200 rpm), and no addition of salt (sodium chloride). The optimized volumes of donor phase for uncoated fiber and coated fiber were 4.0 and 4.5 mL, respectively, while the optimized extraction times were 30 min for uncoated hollow fiber and 10 min for coated hollow fiber. The developed sol–gel coated hollow fiber LPME method provided good enrichment factors (EFs) ranging from 100 to 139, good recoveries (75.27–104.47%), and good reproducibility (relative standard deviations [RSDs] < 0.83%). Meanwhile, uncoated hollow fiber LPME method showed lower EFs ranging from 80 to 90 and relatively low recoveries of 60.72–68.17%, whereas it has good reproducibility with RSDs < 0.94%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real water samples and the analyte recoveries for spiked water samples was in the range of 42.54–78.75%