533 research outputs found
Current practices in managing acutely disturbed patients at three hospitals in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil: a prevalence study
The medical management of aggressive and violent behaviour is a critical situation for which there is little evidence. In order to prepare for a randomised trial, due to start in the psychiatric emergency rooms of Rio de Janeiro in 2001, a survey of current practice was necessary.
A seven day survey of pharmacological management of aggressive people with psychosis in the emergency rooms of all four public psychiatric hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In one hospital data were not available. Of the 764 people with psychosis attending these ERs, 74 were given IM medication for rapid tranquillisation (9.7%, 2.1/week/100,000). A haloperidol-promethazine mix (with or without other drugs) was used for the majority of patients (83%).
The haloperidol-promethazine mix, given intramuscularly for rapid tranquilization, is prevalent in Rio, where it is considered both safe and efficient. However, scientific evaluation of all pharmacological approaches to rapid tranquilization of psychotic people is inadequate or incomplete and a randomized trial of IM haloperidol-promethazine is overdue
Reactions of Tetracyclone Molybdenum Complexes with Electrophilic Alkynes: Cyclopentadienone-Alkyne Coupling and Alkyne Coordination
The reactions of the complexes [Mo(CO)2(η4-C4Ph4CO)2] and [Mo(CO)3(NCMe)(η4-C4Ph4CO)] with the alkynes dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD; RCâĄCR where R = CO2Me) and methyl propiolate (RCâĄCH) have been studied. In the case of DMAD, the initial product is the green carbonyl complex [Mo(CO)(RCâĄCR)(η5,Ï-C4Ph4COCRâCR)] (3), in which two alkyne molecules have been incorporated: one is linked to the carbonyl group of the tetracyclone ligand, whereas the other is Ï-bound to the metal as a four-electron donor. Oxidation of this compound affords yellow [Mo(O)(RCâĄCR)(η5,Ï-C4Ph4COCRâCR)] (8). When the Ï-acceptor carbonyl ligand is replaced by the Ï-donor oxo group, the alkyne ligand changes orientation: it lies parallel to the MoâCO bond in 3 but perpendicular to the MoâO group in 8. Analogous complexes (9, 10) were isolated in the case of methyl propiolate; each exists as a mixture of two isomers depending on the orientation of the unsymmetrical alkyne ligand
Reactions of Tetracyclone Molybdenum Complexes with Electrophilic Alkynes: Cyclopentadienone-Alkyne Coupling and Alkyne Coordination
The reactions of the complexes [Mo(CO)2(η4-C4Ph4CO)2] and [Mo(CO)3(NCMe)(η4-C4Ph4CO)] with the alkynes dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD; RCâĄCR where R = CO2Me) and methyl propiolate (RCâĄCH) have been studied. In the case of DMAD, the initial product is the green carbonyl complex [Mo(CO)(RCâĄCR)(η5,Ï-C4Ph4COCRâCR)] (3), in which two alkyne molecules have been incorporated: one is linked to the carbonyl group of the tetracyclone ligand, whereas the other is Ï-bound to the metal as a four-electron donor. Oxidation of this compound affords yellow [Mo(O)(RCâĄCR)(η5,Ï-C4Ph4COCRâCR)] (8). When the Ï-acceptor carbonyl ligand is replaced by the Ï-donor oxo group, the alkyne ligand changes orientation: it lies parallel to the MoâCO bond in 3 but perpendicular to the MoâO group in 8. Analogous complexes (9, 10) were isolated in the case of methyl propiolate; each exists as a mixture of two isomers depending on the orientation of the unsymmetrical alkyne ligand
Genome-wide association study of multisite chronic pain in UK Biobank
Chronic pain is highly prevalent worldwide and represents a significant socioeconomic and public health burden. Several aspects of chronic pain, for example back pain and a severity-related phenotype âchronic pain gradeâ, have been shown previously to be complex heritable traits with a polygenic component. Additional pain-related phenotypes capturing aspects of an individualâs overall sensitivity to experiencing and reporting chronic pain have also been suggested as a focus for investigation. We made use of a measure of the number of sites of chronic pain in individuals within the UK general population. This measure, termed Multisite Chronic Pain (MCP), is a complex trait and its genetic architecture has not previously been investigated. To address this, we carried out a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MCP in ~380,000 UK Biobank participants. Our findings were consistent with MCP having a significant polygenic component, with a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) heritability of 10.2%. In total 76 independent lead SNPs at 39 risk loci were associated with MCP. Additional gene-level association analyses identified neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, nervous system development, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis genes as enriched for genetic association with MCP. Genetic correlations were observed between MCP and a range of psychiatric, autoimmune and anthropometric traits, including major depressive disorder (MDD), asthma and Body Mass Index (BMI). Furthermore, in Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses a causal effect of MCP on MDD was observed. Additionally, a polygenic risk score (PRS) for MCP was found to significantly predict chronic widespread pain (pain all over the body), indicating the existence of genetic variants contributing to both of these pain phenotypes. Overall, our findings support the proposition that chronic pain involves a strong nervous system component with implications for our understanding of the physiology of chronic pain. These discoveries may also inform the future development of novel treatment approaches
Fermion scattering off electroweak phase transition kink walls with hypermagnetic fields
We study the scattering of fermions off a finite width kink wall during the
electroweak phase transition in the presence of a background hypermagnetic
field. We derive and solve the Dirac equation for such fermions and compute the
reflection and transmission coefficients for the case when the fermions move
from the symmetric to the broken symmetry phase. We show that the chiral nature
of the fermion coupling with the background field in the symmetric phase
generates an axial asymmetry in the scattering processes. We discuss possible
implications of such axial charge segregation for baryon number generation.Comment: 9 pages, 3 Postscript figures, uses RevTeX4. Expanded discussion,
published versio
Left-right asymmetry for pion and kaon production in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process
We analyze the left-right asymmetry in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic
scattering (SIDIS) process without introducing any weighting functions. With
the current theoretical understanding, we find that the Sivers effect plays a
key role in our analysis. We use the latest parametrization of the Sivers and
fragmentation functions to reanalyze the production process and find
that the results are sensitive to the parametrization. We also extend our
calculation on the production, which can help us know more about the
Sivers distribution of the sea quarks and the unfavored fragmentation
processes. HERMES kinematics with a proton target, COMPASS kinematics with a
proton, deuteron, and neutron target (the information on the neutron target can
be effectively extracted from the He target), and JLab kinematics (both 6
GeV and 12 GeV) with a proton and neutron target are considered in our paper.Comment: 7 latex pages, 11 figures, final version for publication, with
references update
Axially asymmetric fermion scattering off electroweak phase transition bubble walls with hypermagnetic fields
We show that in the presence of large scale primordial hypermagnetic fields,
it is possible to generate an axial asymmetry for a first order electroweak
phase transition. This happens during the reflection and transmission of
fermions off the true vacuum bubbles, due to the chiral nature of the fermion
coupling with the background field in the symmetric phase. We derive and solve
the Dirac equation for such fermions and compute the reflection and
transmission coefficients for the case when these fermions move from the
symmetric to the symmetry broken phase. We also comment on the possible
implications of such axial charge segregation processes for baryon number
generation.Comment: 8 pages, 2 Encapsulated Postscript figures, uses ReVTeX and
epsfig.sty, expanded discussion, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
A 750 mW, continuous-wave, solid-state laser source at 313 nm for cooling and manipulating trapped 9Be+ ions
We present a solid-state laser system that generates 750 mW of
continuous-wave single-frequency output at 313 nm. Sum-frequency generation
with fiber lasers at 1550 nm and 1051 nm produces up to 2 W at 626 nm. This
visible light is then converted to UV by cavity-enhanced second-harmonic
generation. The laser output can be tuned over a 495 GHz range, which includes
the 9Be+ laser cooling and repumping transitions. This is the first report of a
narrow-linewidth laser system with sufficient power to perform fault-tolerant
quantum-gate operations with trapped 9Be+ ions by use of stimulated Raman
transitions.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Azimuthal asymmetries in lepton-pair production at a fixed-target experiment using the LHC beams (AFTER)
A multi-purpose fixed-target experiment using the proton and lead-ion beams
of the LHC was recently proposed by Brodsky, Fleuret, Hadjidakis and Lansberg,
and here we concentrate our study on some issues related to the spin physics
part of this project (referred to as AFTER). We study the nucleon spin
structure through and processes with a fixed-target experiment using
the LHC proton beams, for the kinematical region with 7 TeV proton beams at the
energy in center-of-mass frame of two nucleons GeV. We calculate
and estimate the azimuthal asymmetries of unpolarized and
dilepton production processes in the Drell--Yan continuum region and at the
-pole. We also calculate the , and
azimuthal asymmetries of and dilepton production
processes with the target proton and deuteron longitudinally or transversally
polarized in the Drell--Yan continuum region and around resonances region.
We conclude that it is feasible to measure these azimuthal asymmetries,
consequently the three-dimensional or transverse momentum dependent parton
distribution functions (3dPDFs or TMDs), at this new AFTER facility.Comment: 15 pages, 40 figures. Version accepted for publication in EPJ
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