Indications et résultats de la chirurgie de résection des bulles d’emphysème pulmonaire

La chirurgie d'exérèse des bulles ou bullectomie, principal moyen thérapeutique dans la prise en charge des bulles d'emphysème pulmonaire, est généralement réservée aux patients dont les bulles sont compliquées ou, sont à l'origine d'une dyspnée invalidante. Le but de notre étude était de déterminer les indications de la bullectomie et d'évaluer les résultats de cette chirurgie dans notre service. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective descriptive de 24 patients (23 hommes et 1 femme), dont la moyenne d'âge était de 49 ans, et qui ont bénéficié d'une bullectomie entre 2004 et 2013. Les données recueillies étaient les facteurs favorisant la survenue d'un emphysème bulleux, les circonstances de découverte de la bulle, les données des examens radiologiques, les données de l'évaluation fonctionnelle respiratoire et cardiovasculaire, les données de la technique de la bullectomie, les données de l'évaluation clinique et fonctionnelle post opératoire. Le taux de morbidité était de 37,5%. La principale complication était la fuite aérienne persistante (7 cas). Un patient est décédé au 2e jour post opératoire suite à une insuffisance respiratoire aiguë. La durée moyenne de suivi était de 26 mois. Durant ce suivi, nous avons observé une amélioration de la dyspnée chez tous les patients et nous n'avons noté aucune complication. La bullectomie est une technique chirurgicale efficace, fiable et sûre qui peut permettre aux patients d'avoir une meilleure qualité de vie pendant quelques années

Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in West Africa: Socio-economic aspects, host phenology and implications for management

Losses in West African commercial mango orchards due to fruit fly infestations have exceeded 50% by the middle of the crop season since 2005, resulting in considerable income loss for the growers. Materials and methods. In 2009, weekly monitoring of adult fruit fly species of economic significance was carried out in eight West African countries at 12 sites across five agro-ecological zones: (i) Humid Forest, (ii) Guinean savanna, (iii) Southern Sudan, (iv) Northern Sudan, and (v) Sahelian. Trapping was performed using methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate in 288 Tephritraps, targeting Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra. Results. The data showed that B. Invadens was present throughout the year in the Forest zone, abundant for 7 months, with a peak in May at the end of the mango season, C. cosyra being totally absent. In the Guinean savanna zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6-7 months, with a peak at the beginning of June coinciding with the season, with a few C. cosyra. In the Southern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6 months, with a peak in mid-June during the season, C. cosyra peaking in April. In the Northern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 5 months, with a peak at the end of June at the end of the season, C. cosyra peaking in May. In the Sahelian zone, B. invadens was abundant for 4 months, peaking in August during the sea-son, C. cosyra peaking just before. These preliminary results showed that the exotic species, B. invadens, was present at high levels [mean peak of 378 flies per trap per day (FTD)] in all agro-eco-logical zones, while the native species, C. cosyra, preferred the drier zones of West Africa, with lower population levels (mean peak of 77 FTD).Conclusion. Detection trapping of male flies with parapheromones is a useful indicator of field population levels and could be used to deploy control measures (IPM package) in a timely manner when the Economic Injury Level is reached. Control strategies for these quarantine mango fruit fly species are discussed with respect to agro-ecological zones and the phenological stages of the mango tree. (Résumé d'auteur

Quality of hydro-alcoholic products used in Senegal: pilot study

Antisepsis and disinfection have always played an important role in the fight against infectious diseases. The use of these products has been effective in breaking the chain of transmission of microorganisms. Today, with the advent of COVID-19, the main recommendations are, among other things, physical distance and the use of antiseptic products, including hydro-alcoholic products. In Senegal, with poor regulations on the acquisition and distribution of antiseptics and disinfectants, this situation has led to a proliferation of antiseptics and disinfectants on the national market. this work aimed to study the quality of hydroalcoholic products found in the trade. We evaluated ten samples of hydro-alcohol products collected during the month of March 2020. Physical and microbiological controls were performed at the National Drug Control Laboratory. The alcohol content of the samples ranged from 63 to 85% and were consistent with WHO recommendations except for samples E3 and E5. The pH values varied between 4.02 and 6.64 and the densities of the hydro-alcoholic gel samples ranged from 0.84 to 0.92 g/cm3; E2, E4, E5, E6 samples had densities greater than 0.89 g/cm3. The samples of hydro-alcoholic products all conformed to the sterility test and no microbiological contamination was observed. Antimicrobial activities of the hydro-alcoholic samples tested ranged from 58.3 to 100% with two samples showing no activity (E2 and E5). In view of the results of this study, it would be relevant to expand and deepen investigations by a significant increase in the number of samples and by carrying out as complete an analysis as possible

Le pneumothorax spontané comme une manifestation évolutive de la polyarthrite rhumatoide: à propos d’une observation clinique et revue de la litterature

La polyarthrite rhumatoïde est une maladie systémique inflammatoire caractérisée par une destruction des synoviales articulaires et des lésions systémiques extra articulaires. Les nodules pulmonaires font partie de ces dernières. Leur évolution peut aboutir à un pneumothorax spontané. Nous rapportons le cas d'un adulte jeune au long passé de polyarthrite rhumatoïde qui a présenté deux épisodes de pneumothorax spontané. Il était admis dans notre service, en urgence, pour un pneumothorax droit spontané et massif sur terrain de polyarthrite rhumatoïde au stade de déformation. Il était sous méthotrexate. La radiographie standard du thorax et la tomodensitométrie montraient un décollement pleural complet droit, des nodules et des images excavées sur les deux champs pulmonaires. Il a bénéficié d'un drainage thoracique aspiratif permettant une bonne ré-expansion pulmonaire. Le pneumothorax spontané constitue une manifestation rare des lésions pulmonaire de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde. Il s'agit le plus souvent d'une manifestation évolutive de la maladie mais aussi une circonstance de découverte de cette dernière. L'implication des immunosuppresseurs reste à être prouvée. Ainsi la polyarthrite rhumatoïde doit être considérée dans la recherche étiologique d'un pneumothorax spontané.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Improving the reproductive health of adolescents in Senegal

In October 1999, the Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program began a three-year collaboration with the World Health Organization, the Senegal Ministries of Health, Education, and Youth, the Center for Research and Training in Health and Population, and the Population Training Group to test interventions to improve the reproductive health of youth aged 10–19. The community-based intervention included sensitization on adolescent reproductive health for community and religious leaders, reaching parents through women’s groups, and education sessions led by peer educators using a life-skills curriculum. As part of the clinic-based intervention, providers and peer educators were trained to offer youth-friendly services. The school-based intervention trained teachers and peer educators to provide reproductive health information through a reproductive health curriculum tailored to in-school youth. The report concludes that reaching adolescents with reproductive health information is feasible despite the sensitive nature of this issue in Senegal’s socio-cultural context. A multi-agency partnership between the health department, the communities, the schools, and the media proved that the multisectoral approach is feasible when organized through an operational technical committee

Senegal: Presidential elections 2019 - The shining example of democratic transition immersed in muddy power-politics

Whereas Senegal has long been sold as a showcase of democracy in Africa, including peaceful political alternance, things apparently changed fundamentally with the Senegalese presidentials of 2019 that brought new configurations. One of the major issues was political transhumance that has been elevated to the rank of religion in defiance of morality. It threatened political stability and peace. In response, social networks of predominantly young activists, created in 2011 in the aftermath of the Arab Spring focused on grass-roots advocacy with the electorate on good governance and democracy. They proposed a break with a political system that they consider as neo-colonialist. Moreover, Senegal’s justice is frequently accused to be biased, and the servility of the Constitutional Council which is in the first place an electoral court has often been denounced