"Provincial Dialects of the North of England" Appendix VI. "Further Remarks upon the Dialects of the Northern Dales." Appendix VII.

Glosario. -- Varia. -- Yorkshire. -- Inglés del Norte de Inglaterra. -- Pertenece a la Colección Varia 1800-1950 de The Salamanca Corpus. -- Adam Sedgwick, 1785-1873. -- "Provincial Dialects of the North of England" Appendix VI. "Further Remarks upon the Dialects of the Northern Dales." Appendix VII. in A Memorial by the Trustees of Cowgill. -- 1868.[ES]Descripción de la fonología de los dialectos del Norte de Inglaterra y de Dent, en Yorkshire, y breve glosario. [EN]Description of the phonology of the Northern dialects and of the Dent dialect, in Yorkshire, and short glossary

Homophobia and heterosexism

“Homophobia” is a widely understood term referring to antihomosexual attitudes and practices, but terms such as “homophobia,” “heterosexism,” and “heteronormativity” point to different ideas of what “homosexual” means, and where opposition to same-sex relations originates. Gayle Rubin, relying on structural anthropology, proposes that it arises as a disciplinary mechanism used by men to exercise control over women’s reproductive power in families. Gender panic theory focuses particularly on how defensiveness against losing male status and privilege generates homophobia. Sociohistorical theories examine how homophobia increases or decreases according to the symbolic placement of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in the social status system. In the early twenty-first century, contradictory trends have led to improved citizenship rights for LGBT people in some countries, while others have reinforced or increased state and social violence against their LGBT populations

A simple, azulene-based colorimetric probe for the detection of nitrite in water

We describe the synthesis and evaluation of an azulene-based chemodosimeter for nitrite. The probe was found to undergo two distinct color changes upon introduction of aqueous nitrite ion. A near-instant formation of a grey color provides a qualitative indication of the presence of nitrite, followed by the formation of a deep-yellow/ orange color, the endpoint from which quantitative data can be derived. The azulene probe exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry of reaction with nitrite in water, and is selective for nitrite over other anions. The azulene probe was applied to determine nitrite content in cured meat, and compared with the British Standard testing procedure (Griess test). The value obtained from the azulene-based probe agreed closely with the standard test. Our procedure only requires the preparation of one standard solution, instead of the three required for the standard Griess test.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 66599

Enhancement of sonochemical production of hydroxyl radicals from pulsed cylindrically converging ultrasound waves

Sonochemistry is the use of ultrasound to generate highly reactive radical species through the inertial collapse of a gas/vapour cavity and is a green alternative for hydrogen production, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis and modifications. Yet, current sonochemical reactors often are limited by their design, resulting in low efficacy and yields with slow reaction kinetics. Here, we constructed a novel sonochemical reactor design that creates cylindrically converging ultrasound waves to create an intense localised region of high acoustic pressure amplitudes (15 MPaPKPK) capable of spontaneously nucleating cavitation. Using a novel dosimetry technique, we determined the effect of acoustic parameters on the yield of hydroxyl radicals (HO·), HO· production rate, and ultimately the sonochemical efficiency (SE) of our reactor. Our reactor design had a significantly higher HO· production rate and SE compared to other conventional reactors and across literature

Enhanced Colorimetric Differentiation between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a Shape-Encoded Sensor Hydrogel

Herein, we demonstrate a combined fluorescent probe/shape-encoded hydrogel strategy for the fast, sensitive, and selective detection of bacterial species via their characteristic enzymes. A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel loaded with the fluorescent probe N,N′-(3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl)bis(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanamide) (ACS-HNE) was designed for the detection of elastase, an enzyme produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Likewise, a chitosan-derived hydrogel was loaded with the fluorescent probe 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MUD) by entrapment for the selective detection of α-glucosidase, an enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus. For an observation time of 60 min, limits of detection (LODs) of ≤20 nM for elastase and ≤30 pM for α-glucosidase were obtained, which in the latter case is 3 orders of magnitude better than related chitosan systems with covalently coupled substrate. To illustrate the potential utility of these highly sensitive sensor hydrogels as a simple point-of-care test system, shaped hydrogel slabs representing the letters P and S were manufactured to detect P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. These shapes were shown to provide an additional unique color code under UV illumination corresponding to the characteristic enzyme produced by the corresponding bacteria. This study shows potential for the future development of an effective and simple point-of-care test for the rapid identification of bacterial species that can be operated by nonspecialists

Selective electrochemiluminescent sensing of saccharides using boronic acid-modified coreactant

We report a strategy for modulating the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) response by integrating a boronic acid to the chemical structure of coreactants. Excellent selectivity for d-glucose was achieved by tuning the linker length of a bis-boronic acid amine coreactant.</p

Dual-function cellulose composites for fluorescence detection and removal of fluoride

A biodegradable and robust fluorogenic cellulose material for simultaneous fluoride recognition and adsorption at environmentally significant levels is presented. The fluorescent modified cellulose (FMC) containing a boronic acid-based anthracene group as a fluorescent signaling unit displays a selective fluorescence enhancement with F−. On the other hand, Cl−, Br−, SO42−, H2PO4−and ClO4− did not induce significant changes in fluorescence. Furthermore, FMC shows excellent F− adsorption over a wide range of pH with a low dosage. Equilibrium studies demonstrate that the adsorption of F− follows the Langmuir model in an aqueous solution. While, adsorption kinetics were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The simplicity of the method and the ability to detect and remove fluoride in waste water is noteworthy given the problems associated with fluoride pollution in drinking water.</p

Fluorescence-based chemical tools for monitoring ultrasound-induced hydroxyl radical production in aqueous solution and in cells

We report the synthesis of hydroxyl-radical (˙OH) responsive fluorescent probes that utilise the 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl (DHB) functionality. 4-Methylumbeliferone-DHB (Umb-DHB) and resorufin-DHB (Res-DHB) in the presence of ˙OH radicals resulted in significant increases in their respective fluorescent emission intensities at 460 nm and 585 nm. The incubation of Res-DHB in HeLa cells followed by therapeutic ultrasound (1 MHz) resulted in a significant increase in fluorescence emission intensity thus permitting the ability to monitor ultrasound-induced ˙OH production in live cells

Long-wavelength TCF-based fluorescence probes for the detection and intracellular imaging of biological thiols

Two ‘turn on’ TCF-based fluorescence probes were developed for the detection of biological thiols (TCF-GSH and TCFCl-GSH). TCF-GSH was shown to have a high sensitivity towards glutathione (GSH) with a 0.28 μM limit of detection. Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. However, TCFCl-GSH was shown to be able to detect GSH at biologically relevant concentrations with a 0.45 μM limit of detection. No toxicity was found for TCFCl-GSH and a clear ‘turn on’ with good photostability was observed for the exogenous addition of GSH, Cys and HCys. Furthermore, TCFCl-GSH was used to evaluate the effects of drug treatment on the levels of GSH in live cells