14 research outputs found
A new strategy for improvement of tamarind seed based chicken diet after microbial detannification and assessment of its safety aspects
Tamarind seed, an abundant agricultural waste, contains a large amount of naturally occurring anti-nutrient, tannin. This study aimed at evaluating the detannification efficiency of tannase producing Bacillus subtilis PAB2 in comparison with enzymatic and conventional physical techniques, and assessment of its health promoting effect in chicken model. Microbial fermentation resulted in lowering of 80.8% tannin, whereas enzymatic and physical treatment removed only 48 and 28.6%, respectively. To assess the health beneficial effects, experimental schedule for poultry chicken model was designed viz., (T1) commercial food, (T2) T1+tamarind seeds, (T3) T1+enzymatic detannified seeds and (T4) T1+ fermented seeds. It was found that physiological indices of chicken in T4 group improved more than T2, but those were comparable with T1 and T3. The level of total plasma protein, albumin and other haematological parameters also significantly (P<0.05) improved in T4 more than T2. The quantities of small intestinal indicator microbes like Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Yeast sp. in T4 group increased more than T2. Thus, fermentation led to quality improvement of raw tamarind seed which suggested its employment as an alternative feedstock for poultry chicken
Ethnic Preparation of Haria, a Rice-Based Fermented Beverage, in the Province of Lateritic West Bengal, India
Haria is a rice-based fermented beverage that is popular among tribal and low income people in lateritic West Bengal and East-Central India. The principal ingredient of this beverage is low grade boiled rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is mixed with a traditional starter, called bakhar, and fermented within a heat-sterilized earthen pot for 3-4 days. The main aim of this study was to investigate the ethnobotanical importance and traditional process of haria preparation. The method adopted for this study was based on interactive questionnaires and laboratory experiments. It was found that the pH decreased during the course of fermentation with increased titratable acidity of 1.42%. The alcohol content was 2-3% (v/v) in the consumable beverages. This documentation will be useful for further exploitation of haria as a health drink
Modulation of small intestinal homeostasis along with its microflora during acclimatization at simulated hypobaric hypoxia
1098-1105At high altitude
(HA) hypobaric hypoxic environment manifested several pathophysiological
consequences of which gastrointestinal (GI) disorder are very common phenomena.
To explore the most possible clue behind this disorder intestinal flora, the
major player of the GI functions, were subjected following simulated hypobaric
hypoxic treatment in model animal. For this, male albino rats were exposed to <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:black;
mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">55 kPa (~ 4872.9 m) air pressure consecutively for
30 days for 8 h/day and its small intestinal microflora, their secreted
digestive enzymes and stress induced marker protein were investigated of the
luminal epithelia. It was observed that population density of total
aerobes significantly decreased, but the quantity of total anaerobes and <span style="font-size:9.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">Escherichia
coli<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB"> increased significantly after 30 days
of hypoxic stress<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">. The population density of strict anaerobes like Bifidobacterium sp.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">, Bacteroides sp. and
Lactobacillus sp. and obligate anaerobes like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Clostridium perfringens and Peptostreptococcus
sp. were expanded along with their positive growth direction index (GDI).
In relation to the huge multiplication of anaerobes the amount of gas formation
as well as content of IgA and IgG increased in duration dependent manner. The activity of
some <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">luminal <span style="font-size:
9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" lang="EN-GB">enzymes from microbial origin like α-amylase,
gluco-amylase, proteinase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucuronidase were also
elevated in hypoxic condition. Besides, hypoxia induced in formation<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:
EN-IN" lang="EN-GB"> of malondialdehyde along with significant attenuation <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:
EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">of <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt" lang="EN-GB">catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity and
lowered GSH/GSSG pool in the intestinal epithelia.
Histological study revealed disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier with
higher infiltration of lymphocytes in lamina propia and atrophic structure. It
can be concluded that hypoxia at HA modified GI
microbial imprint and subsequently causes epithelial barrier dysfunction which
may relate to the small intestinal dysfunction at HA.
</span
A Human and Animal Based Study Reveals That A Traditionally Fermented Rice Beverage Alters Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites for Better Gut Health
Fermented rice beverages are consumed globally, especially in Southeast Asia. In India, such beverages are consumed by a substantial population of ethnic communities. In this study, the gut bacterial diversity of rice beverage drinkers from Assam, India (n = 27) was compared with that of nondrinkers (n = 21) with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of fecal metagenomic 16S rDNA, which indicated changes in 20 bacterial genera. Further, mice (n = 6, per treatment group) were gavaged daily for 30 days with different fractions of the beverage, which included rice beverage (RB), soluble (SF), and insoluble fractions (IF) to determine the effects of different components of the beverage. A comparison of gut bacteria at two time points, 0 and 30 days of treatments, suggested changes in 48 bacterial genera across the different treatment groups in mice. Major bacterial changes were suggestive of functional components associated with gut health, as observed in both humans and mice. Next, the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) of mice stool after 30 days of treatments showed a total of 68 metabolites, of which hexadecanoic acid, a flavor component of this beverage, was present in the feces of all mouse treatment groups except controls. These metabolites showed treatmentwise clustering in groups in a partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) plot. Blood endotoxin levels were lower in all treatment groups in the mice compared to those of the controls. The findings of the study are suggestive of the gut modulatory effects of the beverage on the basis of the observed features of the bacterial changes
A Human and Animal Based Study Reveals That a Traditionally Fermented Rice Beverage Alters Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites for Better Gut Health
Fermented rice beverages are consumed globally, especially in Southeast Asia. In India, such beverages are consumed by a substantial population of ethnic communities. In this study, the gut bacterial diversity of rice beverage drinkers from Assam, India (n = 27) was compared with that of nondrinkers (n = 21) with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of fecal metagenomic 16S rDNA, which indicated changes in 20 bacterial genera. Further, mice (n = 6, per treatment group) were gavaged daily for 30 days with different fractions of the beverage, which included rice beverage (RB), soluble (SF), and insoluble fractions (IF) to determine the effects of different components of the beverage. A comparison of gut bacteria at two time points, 0 and 30 days of treatments, suggested changes in 48 bacterial genera across the different treatment groups in mice. Major bacterial changes were suggestive of functional components associated with gut health, as observed in both humans and mice. Next, the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) of mice stool after 30 days of treatments showed a total of 68 metabolites, of which hexadecanoic acid, a flavor component of this beverage, was present in the feces of all mouse treatment groups except controls. These metabolites showed treatmentwise clustering in groups in a partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) plot. Blood endotoxin levels were lower in all treatment groups in the mice compared to those of the controls. The findings of the study are suggestive of the gut modulatory effects of the beverage on the basis of the observed features of the bacterial changes
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-GB">Potentialities of newly isolated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Lactobacillus sp</i> for curd preparation and a comparative study of its physico-chemical parameters with other marketed curds </span>
910-918Two Bacillus
sp. were isolated from the local
fermented milk and identified on the basis 16S rRNA sequence profile as Bacillus subtilis AKL1 and by
biochemical process as Lactobacillus
acidophilus AKL2. These isolates were <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold">used as fresh inoculums for curd preparation individually and in
combinations. Different physico-chemical
and therapeutic properties of the newly prepared curd were examined and
compared with marketed local (sweet and sour) and branded (Mother Dairy and
Thackar) curds. The total hydrolyzed peptides, free amino acids, lactic acid
were significantly higher,
whereas, total solid, ash content, syneresis and free reducing sugar were lower
in the curd prepared by a mixture of AKL1 and AKL2 (0.5:0.5, v/v). The antioxidant activity against ABTS+,
DPPH•, OH• and Fe3+
were also higher in the newly
formulated curd. Polyphenols (85.5µg/g), flavonoids
(12.5µg/g) and free aromatic amino acids contents were also higher in
AKL1+AKL2. All these components prevent
excess protein oxidation that was revealed by SDS-PAGE. The curd also exhibited potent antimicrobial
activity against some entero-pathogens like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Clostridium perfringens, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Escherichia coli, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Shigella dysentery, Vibrio cholerae <span style="background:white;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:
italic" lang="EN-GB">and Staphylococcus<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"> aureus. It can
be concluded that the combination of these Lactobacillus
sp. will be a fruitful inoculum for the preparation of curd having better
health promoting effects.
</span
Analysis of alteration of gut microbial population under the exposure of graded hyperbaric pressures: Application of metagenomic approach
960-968<span style="mso-bidi-language:
HI" lang="EN-GB">Gastroenterological disorders are very common at hyperbaric conditions. The
present study was conducted to find out the impact of gut flora on the
gastrointestinal disorders created at such environmental circumstances. For
this, male albino rat were exposed to graded hyperbaric pressures (915 and 1277
mmHg) and large intestinal content was examined for microbial composition using
culture based and PCR-DGGE tools. After 30 day exposure, total aerobes (38.54
and 375.57 folds, 1.35 and 1.58 gdi) and E. coli <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:
italic">(126.05 and 873.23 folds, 1.31 and 1.44 gdi) were
increased whereas total anaerobes (7.01 × 104 and 8.84 × 103 folds,
-1.56 and -1.39 gdi), Enterobacter spp. (-2.45 and -1.00 gdi) and Clostridium
perfringens (12.88 and
54.16 folds, -1.38 and -1.75 gdi) were decreased significantly in respect to
control after exposure of simulated hyperbaric pressures like at 915 and 1277
mmHg, respectively. Metagenomics study revealed an
overall reduction in total microbial profile was noted than control at
higher level hyperbaric pressure, i.e., 1277 mmHg air pressure for highest
duration of exposure.
Though, some new bands also appeared which indicated the expansion of dormant
or new microbiota, Variation in the numbers of these newly dominated bacteria
was correlated to dose and duration of hyperbaric treatment. The histological results
clearly indicated that hyperbaric environment induced severe inflammation in
the mucosal and submucosal layer of large intestine. Thus, the result suggest
that hyperbaric pressure is an important exogenous factor that strongly
modulated the intestinal morphology and microbial ecology, and induced several
gastrointestinal ailments during hyperbarism.
</span
Exploitation of fermented shrimp-shells hydrolysate as functional food: Assessment of antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic activities
924-934In the present study the
bioactivities of chitooligosaccharides of fermented shrimp-shell hydrolysate
(SSH) in respect to hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and prebiotic activity
were tested in male albino rat. Rats were treated with four different diets,
viz., (i) cholesterol-rich (5%) basal diet (ChB), (ii) ChB+10% chitin, (iii)
ChB+10% SSH and (iv) control group (without cholesterol). After 4 weeks of
treatment, body mass index, liver weight, serum total cholesterol and
LDL-cholesterol in groups (ii) and (iii) were decreased significantly than
group (i). SSH supplementation significantly resists oxidative stress by
reducing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and by increasing
catalase, superoxide dismutase and free radical scavenging activity. The
colonization of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium population in small and
large intestine were more in group (iii) than other groups. Reduction of Clostridium perfringens population and
non-significant changes of E. coli
was also noted in SSH supplement group. Histological study revealed that the
villus height and villus:crypt of the small intestine were increased significantly
in SSH supplemented group (iii) without any diarrheal symptoms. The results
demonstrated that the shrimp-shells hydrolysate has hypocholesterolemic effect,
can resist lipid peroxidation and can influence the growth of health beneficial
microbes, hence can be used as functional food for hypercholesterolemic
patients.
</span
Role of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum KKL1 in the preparation of a rice based fermented beverage
A dominant lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus fermentum KKL1 was isolated from an Indian rice based fermented beverage and its fermentative behavior on rice was evaluated. The isolate grown well in rice and decreased the pH, with an increase of total titratable acidity on account of high yield in lactic acid and acetic acid. The production of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase by the strain reached plateau on 1st and 2nd day of fermentation respectively. The accumulation of malto-oligosaccharides of different degrees of polymerization was also found highest on 4th day. Besides, phytase activity along with accumulation of free minerals also unremittingly increased throughout the fermentation. The fermented materials showed free radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals. In-vitro characteristics revealed the suitability of the isolate as probiotic organism. The above profiling revealed that probiotic L.fermentum KKL1 have the significant impact in preparation of rice beer and improves its functional characteristics