Brecha de géneros en la Universidad, productivismo y tecnologías de la información

En el mundo, la inequidad laboral entre hombres y mujeres tiende a estrecharse en el último cuarto de siglo, empero, los avances están perdiendo celeridad; la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT, 2016) estima que serán necesarios al menos setenta años para colmar la brecha salarial por género. Desde este marco general de inequidad, este artículo exhibe la situación prevaleciente en materia de trabajo académico en las universidades públicas de México; el análisis se sitúa en el marco de un productivismo que imprime un sello inédito a la organización del trabajo científico y educativo. Se trata de mostrar que ésta lógica operativa encuentra en las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) un recurso clave para apuntalar las competencias individuales, así como visibilizar los resultados académicos. Se concluye que, en su variedad, versatilidad y potencial, la apropiación estos recursos son la oportunidad para coadyuvar en la reducción de otras diferencias laborales entre géneros en este ámbito profesiona

Proliferation of the Corporate Agro-Industrial Model in Latin America

This study is derived from a group research project that explores the social implications of scientific work as it is linked to the larger processes of production and the exercise of democracy. In this context, the present work seeks to contribute to this general theme from the vantage point of observing agricultural production in the region of Latin America.This will empower us to learn more about the effects, the larger potential, and the socioeconomic, politi-cal and environmental challenges that science and technology represent as applied in the agricultural sector. A broad overview will reflect upon the widespread and heterogeneous penetration of the Corporate Agro-industrial Model (cam) in all of its complexity and short falls throughout Latin America. It quickly becomes apparent thatthe technological paradigm that sustains this model has failed to adequately respond to the problems of social inequality, exclusion, and poverty that typifythe region. Our examination can help identify the model’s fissures, structural flaws, limits and excesses, as well as the possibilities it opens for organized social political action at the supranational level. It is a veritable collation of tensions that occurs, both at the outset as well as throughout its development,in which conflicts eventually result that go well beyond rural areas. Both capitalist and peasant economies coexist across the region of Latin America

Agrarian capitalism and soybean production in the pampeana region of Argentina. Reasons of eviction of labor

Argentina is recognized because it has one of the most fertile areas of the orb, the pampeana region. The exuberance of their ecosystem has been basic to preserve the agrarian profile of the country, despite of the impulse to the industrialization in the postwar period. The certain thing is that along the last quarter of century the rural physiognomy of the country has changed radically. This country is probably the best example of penetration of the capitalism in latinamerican fields, with atrocious effects in social and environmental matter. In this occasion it propose a debate over of the impact of these transformations in wage labor, following closely the production of soybean. La República Argentina es reconocida por albergar una de las áreas naturales más fértiles del orbe, la región pampeana. La exuberancia de su ecosistema ha sido clave para preservar el perfil agrario del país, no obstante el impulso a la industrialización que en la posguerra compartieron las naciones de América Latina. Lo cierto es que a lo largo del último cuarto de siglo la fisonomía rural del país ha cambiado radicalmente. Este país es quizá el mejor ejemplo de penetración del capital en el campo latinoamericano, con efectos atroces en materia social y ambiental. En esta ocasión nos proponemos debatir acerca del impacto laboral de estas transformaciones, siguiendo de cerca la evolución de las relaciones salariales en la región pampeana, pero sólo en lo que corresponde a la producción de soja.Agriculture, capital, wage labor, soybean, Argentina

Balances of the exporting-agrarian Latin American model in the beginning of the 21st century

The purpose of this essay is offer a perspective of situation crosses today regional agriculture, checking some of its added balances. It interests us to debate the optimistic and not very critical way with which the figures are divulged and to put in evidence aspects fewer diffused, but of supreme importance for present and future of the region. To begin, we refer to the general context in that the transformation are raised in the Latin America growth model, and their pretences. At once we are in charge of the agriculture, focused in the common content of the national projects, to revise finally some of their sequels. We conclude with some thinking on the meaning of these changes for the expansion of the capital as long as system an for the involved rural population.Agriculture; Latin America; capitalism; rural population

Unforeseen effects of the agrarian legislation in Mexico, 1992-2005

Under the pressure of NAFTA negotiations Mexican government changed the agrarian legislation at the beginning of the 1990. This reform meant turning away from the former leitmotiv of social justice brought up in the revolution towards the neoliberal paradigm of economic efficiency. The old system of subsedies and and institutional support was replaced by a market- and export orientation, the priority of community land was replaced by the primacy of private property rights in order to capitalize the Mexican agriculture. This paper analyses whether the goals of increasing productivity and changing the production structure where achieved. There are three basic outcomes from the reforms: small scale farmers have los market shares and depend on non-agricultural incomes. Secondly, the trading of land is marginal, as export goods are produced on a small share of productive land and the agricultural corporations have many alternative to the purchase Hof land. The capitalization of agricultural enterprises has also been minimal. These results cause a regional concentration of agricultural corporations and lead to a further marginalization Hof small scale farmers.Agrarian legislation; Mexico;

LIMITS IN PRODUCTIVE RESTRUCTURING OF THE MEXICAN FIELDS. THE ROLE OF AGRARIAN LEGALITY

In this paper, the author analyzes the roll of the legal framework that prevails in Mexico on agrarian concerns, since the reform of 1992, in a context of the neoliberal economical model imposed on Latin America from the poles of international power and decision. En este documento se analiza el papel del marco jurídico que prevalece en México en materia agraria a partir de 1992, en el contexto del modelo económico neoliberal impuesto a Latinoamérica desde los polos de poder y decisión internacional.México, legal framework, productive change, agriculture

Labour scene of Latin America in the frame of neoliberalism

In this article I have wanted to delineate the central trends from labour scene of Latin America in the frame of neoliberalism, as well as the domineering perceptions concerning these processes. I have centered in the aspects of major meaning for wage-labor in their insertion to the economic cycle from the sale of the labourforce. The aim is to show that the different dimensions that include the relations between capital and work they have been change thoroughly, and not also in a level of the labour market; nevertheless that is this one the space that has deserved main attention of analysts and politicians. The proposition is that the origin of changes that they have been express in circulation sphere it will be find in adjustment substantive from mechanism extraction of the surplus value (inside productive process), and the results is the reformulation of traditional standards from the distribution of social wealth between the productive factors.Labour; Latin America

From peasants to multifunctional. The small agricultural production in Mexico

This article rescues and describes the trajectory of peasant production in Mexico since the eighties, and its decomposition process in the neoliberalism context. Argument is that the ‘small family farm’ tends to diversify their sources of income as a result of the fall in price of basic grains. Then the peasant becomes a multifuncional agent, this consolidates multifunctionality as a household livelihood strategy. Este artículo rescata y describe la trayectoria de la producción campesina en México desde la década de los ochenta, y su proceso de descomposición en el contexto del neoliberalismo. El argumento es que la 'pequeña explotación agrícola familiar' tiende a diversificar sus fuentes de ingresos como consecuencia de la caída en el precio de los granos básicos. Entonces el campesino se convierte en un agente multifuncional. Esta multifuncionalidad consolida como una estrategia de sobrevivencia familiar.Peasant, Mexico, multifunctionality, agricultural production,household livelihood strategy

Wage labor in Latin America agriculture. Knowledge state and alternative interpretation

This article has two aims. First, provide a systematic review of academic contributions on agricultural wages. Secondly, introduce conceptual and methodological tools to understand the development of the Latin-American agriculture from 1980's to today. Of special importance is the development of labor relations in agriculture.Labor wage, agriculture, state of knowledge, Latin America

HOUSEHOLD PRECARIOUS REPRODUCTION IN MEXICAN SOCIETY, A REFERENCE FRAME

From beginning of the eighties decade, with the arrival of the neoliberalism to Mexico, the familiar homes have experimented an adjustment in their income and expenses composition. These adjustments are linked directly to the changes in the labour and the reform of the State, and both are the main reason of the restrictions that faces today the family for their development. Continuing this reflection, in this writing I offer a frame of analysis to place in the plane of the theory and of the context of the globalization the familiar precarious reproduction process. A circular dynamics on which they converge: a) conditions of poverty in their traditional meaning of restricted income; b) limitations to accede to the wage-earning employment, as well as their tendency to autoemployment; c) vulnerability and uncertainty, and d) serious conflicts in the area of the familiar and social relations.precarious reproduction; household; capital; neoliberalism