RTL2RTL Formal Equivalence: Boosting the Design Confidence

Increasing design complexity driven by feature and performance requirements and the Time to Market (TTM) constraints force a faster design and validation closure. This in turn enforces novel ways of identifying and debugging behavioral inconsistencies early in the design cycle. Addition of incremental features and timing fixes may alter the legacy design behavior and would inadvertently result in undesirable bugs. The most common method of verifying the correctness of the changed design is to run a dynamic regression test suite before and after the intended changes and compare the results, a method which is not exhaustive. Modern Formal Verification (FV) techniques involving new methods of proving Sequential Hardware Equivalence enabled a new set of solutions for the given problem, with complete coverage guarantee. Formal Equivalence can be applied for proving functional integrity after design changes resulting from a wide variety of reasons, ranging from simple pipeline optimizations to complex logic redistributions. We present here our experience of successfully applying the RTL to RTL (RTL2RTL) Formal Verification across a wide spectrum of problems on a Graphics design. The RTL2RTL FV enabled checking the design sanity in a very short time, thus enabling faster and safer design churn. The techniques presented in this paper are applicable to any complex hardware design.Comment: In Proceedings FSFMA 2014, arXiv:1407.195

Kannur: Inside India’s Bloodiest Revenge Politics

Kannur is a beautiful coastal district of Kerala, which made its way to the national headlines for its brutal political murders. The state has the highest social development parameters when compared to other states but despite this, what makes Kannur standout in terms of political happenings is a matter to be discussed

Brownian cluster dynamics with short range patchy interactions. Its application to polymers and step-growth polymerization

We present a novel simulation technique derived from Brownian cluster dynamics used so far to study the isotropic colloidal aggregation. It now implements the classical Kern-Frenkel potential to describe patchy interactions between particles. This technique gives access to static properties, dynamics and kinetics of the system, even far from the equilibrium. Particle thermal motions are modeled using billions of independent small random translations and rotations, constrained by the excluded volume and the connectivity. This algorithm, applied to a single polymer chain leads to correct static and dynamic properties, in the framework where hydrodynamic interactions are ignored. By varying patch angles, various chain flexibilities can be obtained. We have used this new algorithm to model step-growth polymerization under various solvent qualities. The polymerization reaction is modeled by an irreversible aggregation between patches while an isotropic finite square-well potential is superimposed to mimic the solvent quality. In bad solvent conditions, a competition between a phase separation (due to the isotropic interaction) and polymerization (due to patches) occurs. Surprisingly, an arrested network with a very peculiar structure appears. It is made of strands and nodes. Strands gather few stretched chains that dip into entangled globular nodes. These nodes act as reticulation points between the strands. The system is kinetically driven and we observe a trapped arrested structure. That demonstrates one of the strengths of this new simulation technique. It can give valuable insights about mechanisms that could be involved in the formation of stranded gels.Comment: 55 pages, 32 figure

Climate Change Mediated Archaeal Overgrowth and Neanderthalisation: A Biological Basis for Philosophy, Economics, History, Politics, Literature, Social Movements, Feminism, Alternate Sexuality and Globalisation

Introduction: The homo neanderthalis society was matrilineal and the homo sapien society was patrilineal. The homo neanderthalis as described in previous papers had increased actinidic archaeal growth and archaeal magnetite/porphyrin mediated quantal perception. This gave a feeling of collective unconscious and universal oneness. The homo sapiens had decreased actinidic archaeal growth and archaeal magnetite/porphyrin mediated quantal perception was minimal. This gave rise to individuality in homo sapiens as opposed to societal consciousness in homo neanderthalis. The study evaluated actinidic archaeal growth in individuals with different personal characteristic features of socialistic, capitalistic, democratic, dictatorial, feminist, male chauvinist, artistic, creative literary characters, alternate sexuality, eco-conscious, nationalistic and globalised outlook. The results are presented in this study. Materials and Methods:The blood samples were drawn from two groups (a) the neanderthalic matrilineal population with outlook of altruism, primitive communism, socialism, democracy, female dominance, alternate sexuality, creativity in art and literature, spirituality, eco-consciousness, peaceful co-existence and a globalised world (b) the homo sapien patrilineal population with outlook of selfishness, primitive capitalistic, undemocratic, dictatorial, patriarchial, more masculine, less creative in art and literature, non-spiritual and material, heterosexual, exploitative, polluting, nationalistic and with an increased propensity to war. The estimations done in the blood samples collected include cytochrome F420 activity.Results: The results showed that the population with neanderthalic features and characteristics of altruism, primitive communism, socialism, democracy, female dominance, alternate sexuality, creativity in art and literature, spirituality, eco-consciousness, peaceful co-existence and a globalised world had increased cytochrome F420 activity.The results showed that the population with homo sapien features and characteristics of selfishness, primitive capitalistic, undemocratic, dictatorial, patriarchial, more masculine, less creative in art and literature, non-spiritual and material, heterosexual, exploitative, polluting, nationalistic and with an increased propensity to war had increased cytochrome F420 activity.Discussion: The basis of the features of homo neanderthalis society is primitive communism, socialism, democracy, female dominance, alternate sexuality, creativity in art and literature, spirituality, eco-consciousness, peaceful co-existence and a globalised world. The homo sapien society was selfish, primitive capitalistic, undemocratic, dictatorial, patriarchial, more masculine, less creative in art and literature, non-spiritual and material, heterosexual, exploitative, polluting, nationalistic and an increased propensity to war. The phenomena of global warming leads to increased extremophilic actinidic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation of homo sapiens leading to the resurgence of neanderthalic features in society

The Extinction of Homo Sapiens and Symbiotic Neanderthalisation: Relation to Archaeal Mediated RNA Viroidsand Amyloidosis

Introduction: Prion proteins have been implicated in systemic disorders like neurodegenerations, cancer and metabolic syndrome. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. Prion diseases are conformational diseases. The abnormal prion protein seeded into the system converts the normal proteins with prion like domains to abnormal configuration. This abnormal protein resists digestion by lysosomal enzymes after its half-life is over and results in deposition of amyloid plaques. This produces organ dysfunction. Prion phenomena were initially described for Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease, but now it is found to be wide spread in chronic disease pathogenesis. Ribonucleoproteins are well known to behave like prion proteins and form amyloid. We have demonstrated actinidic archaea which secretes RNA viroids in metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerations, cancer, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, autism and CJD. The RNA viroids can bind with normal proteins with prion like domains eg., superoxide dismutase and produce a ribonucleoprotein resulting in prion phenomena and amyloidogenesis.Materials and Methods: The following groups were included in the study:- alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, metabolic syndrome x with cerebrovascular thrombosis and coronary artery disease, schizophrenia, autism, seizure disorder, creutzfeldt jakob disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA, Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Results: Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. Discussion: The actinidic archaeal growth results in increased digoxin synthesis and phenotypic conversion of homo sapiens to homo Neanderthals as reported earlier. The increased actinidic archaeal growth is due to global warming and these results in neanderthalisation.Homo neanderthalis tend to have more of civilisational diseases like metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerations, cancer, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, autism and CJD. Actinidic archaeal secreted RNA viroids may play a crucial role in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of these disorders. The evolution and origin of homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis is on the basis of actinidic archaeal symbiosis and digoxin synthesis. Extreme climate change related increased actinidic archaeal symbiosis and digoxin synthesis results in homo neanderthalis. The homo sapien species results from inhibition of actinidic archaeal symbiosis and endogenous digoxin synthesis by normal global climate. Thus there are evolutionary swings between the two human species depending on extremes of climate and archaeal symbiosis. Endogenous digoxin can be considered as a Neanderthal hormone. The results show that there was increase in cytochrome F420 in CJD and other disease groups indicating increased archaeal growth. There was also an increase in free RNA indicating self-replicating RNA viroids in CJD and other disease groups. The RNA viroid generation was catalysed by actinides. The RNA viroids can bind with proteins having prion like domains forming ribonucleoproteins. These ribonucleoproteins can give an abnormal conformation to the protein resulting in generation of abnormal prions. The abnormal prions can act as a template to convert normal proteins with normal configuration to abnormal conformation. This can result in amyloidogenesis. The abnormal configured proteins will resist lysosomal digestion and accumulate as amyloid producing disease states and extinction

Climate Change and Global Warming Is Produced by Human Endosymbiotic Archaeal Overgrowth and Methanogenesis

ntroduction: The previous reports from this laboratory have demonstrated the existence and growth of endosymbiotic actinidic archaea in human population which has been related to disease states like schizophrenia, autism, metabolic syndrome, cancer, autoimmune disease and degenerations. The overgrowth of endosymbiotic actinidic archaea results in neanderthalisation of humans. The overgrowth of endosymbiotic archaea results from the growth of homo sapien civilization. The homo sapien civilization results in industrialization and production of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The homo sapien civilization also results in widespread use of electronic devices like mobile phones and internet producing interconnectivity and a globalised world. The resultant low level EMF pollution also results in endosymbiotic archaeal growth. Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas whose effects are long term but moderate. The archaea are methanogenic organisms. Methanogenesis results from the production of methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Methanogenesis can also occur from formate and acetate. Acetate is the end product of carbohydrate, protein and lipid catabolism in humans. The human nutritional sources get metabolically converted to acetate and acetyl CoA which can enter the citric acid cycle and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The presence of endosymbiotic actinidic archaea results in conversion of acetate to formate and methane. It also results in conversion of the ubiquitous carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methane. Thus the human body due to endosymbiosis by archaea becomes the principal source of methanogenesis. Methane is an important greenhouse gas. The effect of methane is short term as compared to carbon dioxide. Methane being a larger molecule can produce absorption of long range radiation and its global warming potential is 29 times that of carbon dioxide. Thus the principal culprit for global warming and eventual catastrophic extinction of human society is methane produced by human endosymbiotic archaea. The archaeal overgrowth due to global warming can affect ocean beds and lakes. This results in warming of the ocean and instability of methane hydrates in the ocean bed releasing methane. The arctic permafrost decays releasing organic carbon which can be a source of methanogenesis by archaea. The study was conducted to evaluate the growth of actinidic archaea in humans. Materials and Methods: Cytochrome F420 levels were studied in the homo sapien population as well as human populations exhibiting the Neanderthal phenotype. Fifteen cases each of the above mentioned groups were chosen for the study. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state. Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). The permission from the Ethics Committee of the Institute was obtained for this study. Results: The study showed that there was increased cytochrome F420 levels in the population with Neanderthal phenotype in the blood. This indicated the growth of archaeal endosymbionts in the Neanderthal phenotype. There was also increased cytochrome F420 level in the normal homo sapien population but the extent of increase was small. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state.Discussion: Thus the increased production of greenhouse gases predominantly methane is from human sources alone due to increased growth of endosymbiotic archaea consequent to global warming triggered by industrial overproduction of carbon dioxide and EMF pollution. The homo sapien industrialisation is a small trigger but is rapidly taken over and dominated by endosymbiotic archaeal growth in humans. The archaeal overgrowth and neanderthalisation of homo sapiens converts the somatic cells to stem cells leading to cancer, autoimmune disease, degeneration and autism/schizophrenia in the neoneanderthal species. The Warburg phenotype of stem cells also produces the metabolic syndrome. The neoneanderthals becomes prone to civilisational disease. The neanderthalised humans stem cells phenotypes are retroviral resistant due to digoxin induced RNA editing, reverse transcriptase inhibition due to magnesium deficiency and membrane raft changes due to cholesterol depletion. The neanderthalised human stem cells serve as a reservoir for other species virus and bacteria resulting in breakage of the species barrier for infection. The archaeal symbionts can secrete RNA and DNA virus like particles which can recombine with expressed viral remnants in the genome as well as parts of the human genome per se producing new viruses and bacteria. The neanderthalised humans stem cells are resistant to infection which ravages the sensitive homo sapien phenotype exterminating them. Thus archaeal symbiosis, global warming, generation of new emerging viruses, pandemics of viral infections, homo sapien extinction and homo neanderthalis dominance becomes the rule. The realm of the homo neanderthalis sets in. The archaeal overgrowth in the oceanic beds and oceanic warming results in instability of methane hydrates in the ocean bed releasing methane. This produces global catastrophe. It results in oceanic earthquakes, continental shifts, tsunamis and flooding leading to eventual extinction of the human race of both species. Conclusion: Thus the human body due to endosymbiosis by archaea becomes the principal source of methanogenesis. Methane is an important greenhouse gas. The effect of methane is short term as compared to carbon dioxide. Methane being a larger molecule can produce absorption of long range radiation and its global warming potential is 29 times that of carbon dioxide. Thus the principal culprit for global warming and eventual catastrophic extinction of human society is methane produced by human endosymbiotic archaea

Human Endosymbiotic Archaea, Retroviral Resistance and Emerging Viral Pandemics: The Crossing of Species Barrier and New Viruses

Introduction: Studies from our laboratory have shown that global warming and the low level EMF pollution results in increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The archaea can produce methanogenesis from hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as from acetate. The human body methanogenesis can result in more global warming. Global warming is initially triggered by carbon dioxide and EMF pollution produced by homo sapien industrialization. It is carried forward by human endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth and methanogenesis. The archaea can induce stem cell conversion and neanderthalisation of the human species. The archaea catabolises cholesterol generating digoxin which can modulate RNA editing and magnesium deficiency resulting in reverse transcriptase inhibition. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism can deplete the membrane rafts of the CD4 cell of cholesterol impeding the entry of the retrovirus into the cell. The archaea can produce permanent immune activation producing resistance to viral and bacterial infection. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism depletes tissue cholesterol producing vitamin D deficiency and immune activation. Thus archaeal overgrowth results in retroviral resistance and generation of the Neanderthal phenotype. The endosymbiotic archaea can secrete virus like RNA and DNA particles. The endosymbiotic archaea can induce uncoupling proteins inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and generating ROS. The endosymbiotic archaeal magnetite can generate low level of EMF. The low level of EMF and ROS are genotoxic and produce breakages in hotspots of chromosome. It can also trigger rearrangements in hotspots of chromosome inhabited by retroviral and non-retroviral elements producing their expression. The archaeal secreted DNA and RNA viroids can recombine with the expressed retroviral, non-retroviral elements and other genomic segments of the human chromosome generating new RNA and DNA viruses. Thus the neanderthalised humans can serve as an origin for new RNA and DNA viruses as well as mutated retroviruses. The endosymbiotic archaea converts the Neanderthal cells to stem cells. The stem cells are resistant to immune attack. The stem cells can serve as a reservoir for this new RNA and DNA viruses. The stem cells and archaeal cells can also serve as a reservoir for viruses and bacteria belonging to other plants and animals. This helps to generate the species barrier jump in noted in recent emerging viral and bacterial infections. This paper studied the archaeal status in patients with recurrent viral infections and retroviral infections. The generation of RNA and DNA viroids from archaea was also studied. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were drawn from normal population, Neanderthal phenotype, retroviral infection and recurrent viral infection. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA and free DNA. Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Results: Plasma of Neanderthal phenotype showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of retroviral patients and those with recurrent viral infections showed similar results but the extent of increase was insignificant. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in Neanderthal phenotype sera as compared to patients with retroviral infection and recurrent viral infection. The results are expressed in tables 1-2 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time. Discussion: The homo neanderthalis has archaea as endosymbionts. The archaea behaves like stem cells and can induce conversion of somatic cells to stem cells. The stem cells and archaeal cells can serve as reservoirs of other species virus and bacteria like plant and animal viruses and bacteria. The plant and animal viruses and bacteria can thrive in the somatic stem cells and archaeal cells as they escape immune detection. The Neanderthals tissue system can be compared to an archaeal/stem cell colony or network which serves as a reservoir for other animal and plant species bacteria and viruses as well as a generating centre for new RNA and DNA viruses. The RNA and DNA viruses are created by recombination between expressed genetically rearranged bits of the human chromosome and virus like DNA and RNA particles secreted by the archaea. This paves way for the generation of unlimited number of new RNA and DNA viruses as well as produce conditions for viruses and bacteria to cross the species barrier. This is evidenced by the SARS virus, the nipah virus and hendra virus crossing species. The algal virus has been reported to infect human brains producing cognitive dysfunction. The generation of new RNA and DNA viruses and the creation of a stem cell/archaeal reservoir for other species bacteria and viruses, the Neanderthal resistance to infections by viruses and bacteria and the Neanderthals serving as a reservoir for infection results in widespread pandemic in the homo sapien population in Africa and their eventual wipeout. Conclusion: Global warming depends on human endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth and methanogenesis. The archaea can induce stem cell conversion, archaeal digoxin induced RNA editing, digoxin induced magnesium deficiency & reverse transcriptase inhibition and cholesterol catabolism induced CD4 receptor produces retroviral resistance. The archaeal secreted DNA and RNA viroids can recombine with the expressed retroviral, non-retroviral elements and other genomic segments of the human chromosome generating new RNA and DNA viruses. Thus the neanderthalised humans can serve as an origin for new RNA and DNA viruses as well as mutated retroviruses. The stem cells and archaeal cells can also serve as a reservoir for viruses and bacteria belonging to other plants and animals. This helps to generate the species barrier jump in noted in recent emerging viral and bacterial infections

Fossilised Neanderthal Matrilineal Societies, Neo-Neanderthal Hybrids, Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaea and Civilisational Diseases

Neanderthal genes have been related to human disease. The human genome has been found to have up to 10 percent Neanderthal genes. The pyruvate dehydrogenase gene as well as those coding for MHC alleles are of Neanderthal origin. Neanderthal genes have been related to autism and autoimmune disease. There is high incidence of autism and Neanderthal anthropometry in the matrilineal and Dravidian language speaking nair community of Kerala. The autistic brain is comparable to the large-sized Neanderthal brain. Metabolic patterns were compared among the following groups: matrilineal nairs, non nairs, autism, schizophrenia and systemic diseases to find out a pattern of Neanderthal metabolism. The aim of the study aimed to detect fossilized Neanderthal matrilineal societies and new Neanderthal hybrids in relation to civilisational diseases. Four groups, 25 numbers in each group were chosen for the study—the autistic population diagnosed according to DSM criteria, the normal nair population, the normal non-nair population and civilisational disease group including metabolic syndrome x, alzheimer’s disease, cancer, schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. Archaeal cholesterol catabolism as well as PDH activity, glycolytic pathway, the GABA shunt, porphyrins, homocysteine and ammonia metabolism were studied to find out a pattern of Neanderthal metabolism. Autistic metabolonomic patterns include low pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, GABA shunt, Warburg glycolytic phenotype, hyperammonemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, porphyria, low cholesterol/bile acid levels and a similar pattern is seen in the normal nair population of Kerala. Neanderthal metabolonomic patterns include a low efficiency PDH activity. Autistic and matrilineal societies like nair can be considered as remnants of the Neanderthals. The autistic and nair population have increased cytochrome F420 activity suggestive of endosymbiotic archaeal growth resulting in PDH and mitochondrial suppression. The increased archaeal digoxin synthesis later on shuts down the metabolic machinery the neuronal and other tissue cells and the human cells and tissues including the brain are taken over by an atavistic actinidic colony network. This leads onto a Neanderthal hybrid zombie syndrome. The increased archaeal growth in ice age conditions contributed to the neanderthal evolution and similar endosymbiotic archaeal growth related to global warming leads to neanderthalisation of homo sapiens. The autistic and neanderthalic metabolonomic patterns are also seen in civilisational diseases like syndrome X, schizophrenia, cancer, multiple sclerosis and alzheimer’s disease. The results suggest neanderthalisation of the humans due to global warming and archaeal growth. The Neanderthalisation of the human species is the basis of the global autistic, schizophrenic and civilisational disease epidemic—epidemic Neanderthal hybrid zombie syndrome. The matrilineal societies are fossilized Neanderthal remnants and neoneanderthal hybrids contribute to civilisational diseases