Optimum Support Policy Component for the Development of Agricultural Production: Potato Producer

The present study aimed to determine the optimum policy component in an example of potato cultivation development based on the principle of the efficient use of scarce resources and maximizing the benefit of the producer. Agricultural support policies are commonly implemented by adopting a top-down approach. Regarding benefit maximization at the target group level, policies for agricultural products should be determined with a bottom-up approach. In this manner, in the present study, potato producers were determined to be the target group. Therefore, this study investigated the policy component that provides the highest benefit in line with the demands, expectations, and tendencies of the target group. The micro-data obtained from the potato-growing enterprises operating in provinces where potato cultivation was intensively carried out within the scope of Turkey constituted the research data. A face-to-face survey technique was used as the method for collecting the producer data. Simple descriptive statistics and one of the multivariate analysis techniques, conjoint analysis, were applied in the analysis and evaluation of the data. The optimum policy component setup was determined to be “Price and Payment Support: Above Market Price and 2 months term, Support Area and Amount: to production, 25.47 USD/da (23.04 EUR/da), time of announcement for the supports: pre-planting, and producer’s declaration: I do (I declare)” for the potato product. Accordingly, the necessity of a bottom-up approach in the planning and implementation of an agricultural support policy in Turkey is explained based on the results obtained. Therefore, it is considered necessary and beneficial to measure the level of producer benefits on the focus of applications that encourage potato production

Fetal and maternal outcomes of segmental uterine resection in emergency and planned placenta percreta deliveries

Objective This study evaluated maternal and fetal outcomes of emergency uterine resection versus planned segmental uterine resection in patients with placenta percreta (PPC) and placenta previa (PP). Methods Patients with PP and PPC who underwent planned or emergency segmental uterine resection were included in this study. Demographic data, hemorrhagic morbidities, intra- and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, surgical duration, and peri- and neonatal morbidities were compared. Results A total of 141 PPC and PP cases were included in this study. Twenty-five patients (17.73%) underwent emergency uterine resection, while 116 (82.27%) underwent planned segmental uterine resections. The postoperative hemoglobin changes, operation times, total blood transfusion, bladder injury, and length of hospital stay did not differ significantly between groups (P=0.7, P=0.6, P=0.9, P=0.9, and P=0.2, respectively). Fetal weights, 5-minute Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit admission rates did not differ significantly between groups. The gestational age at delivery of patients presenting with bleeding was lower than that of patients who were admitted in active labor and underwent elective surgery (32 weeks [95% confidence interval [CI], 26–37] vs. 35 weeks [95% CI, 34–35]; P=0.037). Conclusion Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study performed at a tertiary center showed that maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality did not differ significantly between emergency versus planned segmental uterine resection

Multiparametric MRI guidance in first-time prostate biopsies: what is the real benefit?

PURPOSEWith the increased recognition of the capabilities of prostate multiparametric (mp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), attempts are being made to incorporate MRI into routine prostate biopsies. In this study, we aimed to analyze the diagnostic yield via cognitive fusion, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided, and in-bore MRI-guided biopsies in biopsy-naive patients with positive findings for prostate cancer screening.METHODSCharts of 140 patients, who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy after the adaptation of mp-MRI into our routine clinical practice, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with previous negative biopsies (n=24) and digital rectal examination findings suspicious for ≥cT3 prostate cancer (n=16) were excluded. T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging were included in mp-MRI. Cognitive fusion biopsies were performed after a review of mp-MRI data, whereas TRUS-guided biopsies were performed blinded to MRI information. In-bore biopsies were conducted by means of real-time targeting under MRI guidance. RESULTSBetween January 2012 and February 2014, a total of 100 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria underwent TRUS-guided (n=37), cognitive fusion (n=49), and in-bore (n=14) biopsies. Mean age, serum prostate specific antigen level, and prostate size did not differ significantly among the study groups. In TRUS-guided biopsy group, 51.3% were diagnosed with prostate cancer, while the same ratio was 55.1% and 71.4% in cognitive fusion and in-bore biopsy groups, respectively (P = 0.429). Clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate was 69.1%, 70.3%, and 90% in TRUS-guided, cognitive fusion, and in-bore biopsy groups, respectively (P = 0.31). According to histopathologic variables in the prostatectomy specimen, significant prostate cancer was detected in 85.7%, 93.3%, and 100% of patients in TRUS-guided, cognitive fusion, and in-bore biopsy groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONIn the first set of transrectal prostate biopsies, mp-MRI guidance did not increase the diagnostic yield significantly

A Comparison of Epidural Anesthesia without Motor Block Versus General Anesthesia for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Objective:The study carried out to compare the operative parameters and stone clearance in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) under epidural anesthesia (EA) without motor block versus those who underwent PNL under general anesthesia (GA).Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 2 groups of patients who underwent PNL at our institute between January 2014 and September 2014. Group 1 consisted of 69 consecutive patients who underwent PNL under EA without motor block and group 2 consisted of 69 consecutive patients who underwent PNL under GA. Patients general characteristics, stone features, surgical parameters, duration of surgery, time spent in the operating room, postoperative analgesic requirements, complications, stone clearance rate and mean length of hospital stay were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The two groups were similar in terms of mean age, gender, stone size and previous surgery. Operative time, access site, mean access number, postoperative fever, drainage, mean hemoglobin drop, stone-free rate, duration of nephrostomy tube and length of hospitalization were also similar between the groups. The time spent in the operating room, blood transfusion rate and postoperative analgesic requirements in EA group were significantly lower than those in GA group.Conclusion:PNL under EA without motor block is as effective and safe as PNL under GA and it offers some advantages as with lower parenteral analgesic requirements, lower transfusion rates and lesser usage of operation room

İstanbul Boğaziçi Köprüsü

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: İstanbul'da Nakil Vasıtalarıİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

AUTHORITARIAN NATIONALISM AND DISCRIMINATION ENDING WITH IMMISERISING MODERNIZATION: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE REPUBLICAN POWER ELITE'S FIGHT

TOPRAK, Metin/0000-0001-9217-6318;WOS: 000281519200010In recent years, there has been a growing literature -known as endogenous growth-revealing the fact that human resources are the main constituent of economic growth. Turkey has implemented for a long time a state policy by which human resources have been weakened and paralyzed. This chapter looks into the historical trajectory of this dead-lock policy, linking the basis of the current deficiencies of democracy and market economy in Turkey at institutional level on one hand, and lack of tolerance and xenophobia at societal level on the other. We argue that the Republican era's Jacobean type of ultra-nationalist unification policies explain by and large not only relative economic backwardness, but also ongoing political, economic and social adjustment problems in Turkey