Beyond the Classroom: Exploring the Relationship Between Extracurriculars, Social Capital, and Academic Achievement

This research examines the relationship between extracurriculars, social capital and academic achievement. Sports, music, theaters, clubs, and volunteer work are a few examples of extracurricular activities that take place outside of the traditional academic curriculum and the classroom. Academic achievement is measured in terms of performance in school, whereas social capital refers to the resources and support that individuals can access through their social networks. The considerable amount of literature on the subject has explored the relationship between extracurricular activities, social capital, and academic achievement in many studies. This study reviews and synthesizes the results of previous investigations in order to shed light on the mechanisms and modifiers of this association. The findings suggest that participation in extracurricular activities may have positive effects on social capital and academic achievement, but this relationship is complex and varied and may be modified by a variety of personal and contextual factors. The research concludes with recommendations on how to support higher student outcomes through extracurricular activities for parents, lawmakers, and educators. Keywords: Extracurricular activities, social capital, academic achievement, student development DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-15-10 Publication date:May 31st 202

Interobserver reproducibility of intracranial anatomy assessment during second trimester sonographic scan

To evaluate the reproducibility of mid-trimester intracranial anatomy assessment. Women undergoing mid-trimester scan (between 18th to 25th gestational weeks) for fetal anatomy assessment were included in the study. Measurements of lateral ventricle (LV), cisterna magna (CM) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) were obtained for reproducibility analyses. Inter-observer reproducibility analysis was made with correlation coefficients. A total of 162 women were included in the analysis while one woman was excluded from the study due to diagnosis of vermian agenesis. Correlation coefficient (CC) of cisterna magna measurements have shown weak to moderate interclass correlation (r=0.28, P=0.001). Measurements of lateral ventricle have shown moderate to strong interclass correlation (r=0.73, P<0.0001). Transverse cerebellar diameter measurements have shown the best interclass correlation (r=0.88, respectively P<0.0001). Mean difference between different observers were-0.4 mm (95% CI:-3.0 to 2.1 mm), 0.7mm (95% CI:-1.0 to 2.5 mm) and 0.53 mm (95% CI:-2.5 to 3.6 mm) for measurements of cerebellum, lateral ventricle and cisterna magna, respectively. When grouped according to BMI (Over 30 kg/m2 and lower than 25 kg/m2) and presentation (cephalic and breech), there were no differences between groups regarding the prevalence of an absolute difference gre ater than 1 mm between paired measurements by different observers. Measurements of TCD, LV and CM during mid-trimester scan have good interobserver reliability with the exception of CM measurements. Methods used for measuring these structures have shown good consistency between different BMI categories and different fetal presentations during ultrasound scans

Ethnic Identity Development in Schools among First Generation Immigrants in the United States

Today, Americans increasingly concerned about the matter of immigration in the United States. A growing number believe that immigrants are burden to the country, taking jobs and housing and creating strains on the health care system. Many Americans are also worry about the cultural impact of the expanding number of newcomers to the U.S. This paper aims to present a brief but concise discussion by reviewing literature that deals on the development of ethnic identity of first generation immigrants’ students in the U.S. This is a relevant study since the influx of immigrants coming in the U.S. has made great impact on the over-all societal changes

The Efficacy of Surgical Treatment for Kienböck’s Disease with 4-5 ECA Pedicled Osseous Flap: A Retrospective Study

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the effectiveness of surgical intervention for Kienböck's disease using 4-5 Extensor Compartmental Artery (4-5 ECA) pedicled osseous flap Method: Patients who underwent 4-5 ECA pedicled bone grafts for Kienböck's disease between January 2012 and January 2022 were included in the study. The patient files were analyzed retrospectively for age, gender, follow-up time, and complications. Disease staging was performed preoperatively using direct X-ray and MRI, and radiological improvement was evaluated postoperatively using radiography. The functional and clinical assessment was made by comparing preoperative and postoperative VAS, Q-Dash, and Mayo scores. Results: This study involved 23 patients (12 female and 11 male) with Kienböck's disease who underwent 4-5 ECA pedicled bone graft surgery. 13 cases were right-handed while 10 were left-handed. The mean age was 37.5 ± 12.5 years, and the mean follow-up time was 68 months. The mean preoperative Q-Dash score was 78.8 (± 9), the VAS score was 6.5 (±1.2, and the Mayo wrist score was 34.34 (±11.8). The mean postoperative Q-Dash score was 33.1( ±10), the VAS score was 2.4 (±1.7), and the Mayo wrist score was 73.9 (±14.5). The differences between preoperative and postoperative Q-DASH scores (p&lt;0.05), VAS scores (p&lt;0.05), and Mayo wrist scores (p&lt;0.05) were statistically significantly improved. Disease progression was observed in only two patients based on the Lichtman Classification in their follow-up radiographs. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the surgical treatment of Kienböck's disease using a 4-5 ECA pedicled osseous flap is a reliable and effective surgical treatment option

Cantrell pentalojisi

Cantrel pentalojisi nadir görülen bir sendromdur. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte son yıllarda erken haftalarda tanı konabilmektedir. Tanı konulan hastalarda gebeliğin sonlandırılması önerilmekte ve bir çok hastada terminasyon uygulanmaktadır. Ancak nadiren de olsa aile terminasyon seçeneğini kabul etmediğinden dolayı terme ulaşan fetuslar görülmektedir. Bizim vakamız da terme kadar ulaşan ve doğum esnasında kaybedilen bir Cantrel pentalojisi vakasıdı

The Effect of Supplementary Feeding with Different Pollens in Autumn on Colony Development under Natural Environment and In Vitro Lifespan of Honey Bees

Simple Summary In the present study, the effect of feeding with pollen sources with different protein content on colony performance, wintering ability and in-vitro longevity of colonies that weakened after feeding with pine honey in autumn or that needed to enter the winter period were investigated. The experiment was carried out in 48 colonies divided into six groups as follows: control, syrup, mixed pollen, Cistus creticus pollen (Pink rock-rose), Papaver somniferum pollen (Opium poppy), and commercial bee cake group. The effect of nutritional differences on survival was found to be statistically significant in vitro and this supports the colony results in the natural environment. As a result, P. somniferum pollen is a good preference to be used in feeding colonies in beekeeping, due to its rich nutritional content. Honey bees need pollen and nectar sources to survive in nature. Particularly, having young bees in colonies is vital before wintering, and proper feeding is necessary to achieve this. In the present study, the effect of feeding with pollen sources of different protein content on colony performance, wintering ability and in-vitro longevity of colonies that weakened after feeding with pine honey in autumn, or that needed to enter the winter period, was investigated. The experiment was carried out in 48 colonies divided into six groups as follows: control, syrup, mixed pollen, Cistus creticus pollen (Pink rock-rose), Papaver somniferum pollen (Opium poppy), and commercial bee cake groups. In particular, the P. somniferum pollen group was different (p < 0.01) from the other experiment groups with the number of bee frames (3.44), the area with brood (1184.14 cm(2)) and the wintering ability of 92.19%. The effect of nutritional differences on survival was found to be statistically significant in vitro and this supports the colony results in the natural environment (p < 0.001). The P. somniferum group has the longest longevity with 23 days. Pollen preferences of honey bees were P. somniferum, C. creticus, and mixed pollen, respectively.Pollen Preferences of Honey bees [TAGEM/HAYSUD/B/20/A4/P5/1890]; Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)This article was produced from the project The Pollen Preferences of Honey bees and the Effects of Pollen Use inWinter on Colony Dynamic (TAGEM/HAYSUD/B/20/A4/P5/1890) supported by The Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)

Atherosclerosis burden and coronary artery lesion complexity in acute coronary syndrome patients

Background: Syntax score (SS) is a prognostic marker in patients with acute coronary sydromes (ACS). Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) are well known surrogate marker of atherosclerosis burden. But association between atherosclerosis burden and coronary artery disease (CAD) complexity in ACS patients has not been investigated yet. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients with first time diagnosis of ACS (n = 172) were enrolled. SS, a marker of CAD complexity, was assessed by dedicated computer software. CIMT was examined by B-mode ultrasound. CAVI was assessed by VaSera VS-1000 cavi instrument. SS for low, intermediate and high tertiles of CIMT value were 10.1 &#177; 8.2 vs 11.4 &#177; &#177; 7.9 and 15.2 &#177; 8.8; p = 0.02). SS for normal, borderline and abnormal CAVI values were 4 &#177; 3.7 vs 11.1 &#177; 7.2 and 14.1 &#177; 9.1, respectively p = 0.009). Also, there was independent association between SS and CIMT (95% coinfidence interval [CI] 2.1&#8211;19, p = 0.014) and CAVI (95% CI 15&#8211;29, p = 0.021]. Neither traditional cardiovascular risk factor nor thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score was independent determinant of SS. Conclusions: We have shown that patients with higher atherosclerosis burden have more complex coronary artery lesions. Also these patients may be identified early by using surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. Its clinical significance requires further research

Aortic valve sclerosis is a sign of increased arterial stiffness in clinically asymptomatic subjects

Background: Classic risk scores may under estimate the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in specific risk groups requiring appropriate medical and interventional treatment. Arterialstiffness has been known as a sign of CV risk and has a predictive value for CV events beyond classic CV risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between thecardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) that has been recently reported as a new surrogate marker of arterial stiffness and aortic valve sclerosis (AVS).Methods: Eighty patients with AVS and 80 control subjects were enrolled to the study. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by VaSera-1000 CAVI instrument and AVS was defined by echocardiography as thickening and calcification of the normal trileaflet aortic valve without obstruction to the left ventricular outflow.Results: CAVI was significantly higher in patients with AVS compared to the control subjects (10.5 ± 2.7 vs. 8.6 ± 1.4, p &lt; 0.001). Higher frequency of AVS was detected in patients with abnormal than borderline and normal CAVI values (69% vs. 27% and 20%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). In univariate analysis, there was a significant association between AVS and CAVI (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–2.48, p &lt; 0.001]. Multivariate analysis demonstrated CAVI (95% CI 1.39–2.44, p &lt; 0.001) as an independent determinant of AVS.Conclusions: Detection of increased arterial stiffness could prevent patients from being mistakenly classified as at low or moderate risk, when they actually are at high risk. Assessment of aortic valve during echocardiography examination may offer the opportunity to identify these subjects

Behçet disease: evaluation of clinical manifestations in Turkish children

PubMe

Habits of using social media and the internet in psoriasis patients

Introduction: Psoriasis significantly affects the patients quality of life, which often leads patients to seek online information about this disease. Objectives: To explore the habits of patients with psoriasis related to their use of social media (SM) and the internet to obtain information about their disease. Methods: 1,520 patients completed the survey and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index scores (PASI) and clinical data of the patients were recorded by their physicians. Results: Of the 1,114 patients that reported using SM and internet, 48.38% regularly and 31.14% sometimes resorted to obtain information about psoriasis. The use of SM and internet for psoriasis was statistically significantly higher among young people (P = 0.000), those with university or higher education (P = 0.009), higher DLQI (P = 0.000) and PASI (P = 0.011) scores, facial (P = 0.050), scalp (P = 0.032), hand (P = 0.048), genital (P = 0.001) and inverse (P = 0.000) involvement, and arthralgia/arthritis (P = 0.006). The participants mostly used the Google (86%) and Facebook (41%). More than half of the participants (62.8%) expected dermatologists to inform society that psoriasis is not contagious. Conclusions: Internet and SM being widely available and offering substantial information to be easily accessed make it very attractive for patients to use these platforms to investigate diseases, including psoriasis. If what is presented on SM conflicts with what the physician says, patients mostly trust the latter, but at the same time, they tend not to share the results of their online inquiries with their physicians