Assessment of Pulpine Mineral effect on root maturation for immature dog teeth with infected pulp

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of pulpine mineral on root maturation for immature dog teeth with infected pulp and compare the results with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Materials and methods: Sixty (60) permanent dog teeth from six mongrel dogs were selected. Dogs were randomly divided into 2 equal study groups (3 dogs/ group), according to the post-treatment evaluation period. Group one (1 month, n= 30 teeth), Group two (3 months, n= 30 teeth). Each main group was then subdivided according to the materials used into 4 experimental subgroups: Pulpine mineral, n=9, MTA group, n=9, Positive control group, n=6 and negative control group, n=6. Radiographic evaluation was performed to assess the increase in the root length. Results: The results showed that after 1 month; the radiographic evaluation regarding root length revealed that the difference in root length between one month after treatment and the preoperative condition was recorded 9.94±5.19 mm in the pulpine mineral group while it was recorded 5.38±3.78 mm in the MTA group, the positive control group showed the least one in the change in the root length 1.00±1.87 mm, while the negative control group was 7.00±4.06 mm. After 3 months; results showed The difference in root length between three months after treatment and the preoperative condition was recorded 8.36±2.45 mm in the pulpine mineral group while it was recorded 8.63±5.83 mm in the MTA group, the least change in the root length was detected 1.60±3.13 mm, while the highest change was 12.00±4.90 mm which was the negative control group. Conclusion: PMIN is a promising alternative to MTA when used for pulpotomy. Clinical relevance: Vital pulp therapy in immature teeth can be done using PMIN as an alternative to MTA

Gentamicin affects the bioenergetics of isolated mitochondria and collapses the mitochondrial membrane potential in cochlear sensory hair cells

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely prescribed to treat a variety of serious bacterial infections. They are extremely useful clinical tools, but have adverse side effects such as oto- and nephrotoxicity. Once inside a cell they are thought to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, subsequently leading to apoptotic cell death due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here we present evidence of a direct effect of gentamicin (the most commonly prescribed aminoglycoside) on the respiratory activities of isolated rat liver and kidney mitochondria. We show that gentamicin stimulates state 4 and inhibits state 3u respiratory rates, thereby reducing the respiratory control ratio (RCR) whilst simultaneously causing a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP). We propose that gentamicin behaves as an uncoupler of the electron transport chain (ETC) – a hypothesis supported by our evidence that it reduces the production of mitochondrial ROS (MtROS). We also show that gentamicin collapses the MtMP in the sensory hair cells (HCs) of organotypic mouse cochlear cultures

Dual Relationships of Psychotherapeutically Untrained Imams Who Counsel Their Congregants: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Canadian Imams, like many other religious leaders, provide counselling for members of their congregations though most of them have no formal training in psychotherapeutic counselling. The very nature of the Imams’ multiple roles in the community leads to the development of dual relationships. These dual relationships can create an ethical dilemma for Imams because they have a potential to affect the congregants positively or detrimentally. This phenomenological qualitative study explored the lived experience of 15 psychotherapeutically untrained Canadian Imams with dual relationships. Within a psychotherapeutic and an Islamic theoretical framework, this study provided a thorough analysis of five superordinate themes and 32 subthemes: Imams’ perceptions of dual relationships, positive impacts of dual relationships, negative impacts of dual relationships, types of dual relationships, and strategies for managing and coping with dual relationships. The study concluded that Imams’ professional counselling training is paramount to increasing their level of awareness of dual relationships and managing the related ethical challenges. Both psychotherapy and Islamic literature supported Imams’ views that dual relationships are inevitable due to the Imam’s multifaceted role, are not inherently harmful and could be potentially positive spiritually and therapeutically if the Imams follow certain ethical strategies to manage and avoid potential harms. 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The influence of geometrical tolerances of Vickers indenter on the accuracy of measured hardness

This paper reports work carried out to determine the influence of the Pyramidal indenter geometrical errors and tolerances on the accuracy of Vickers hardness measurements. The angle between the opposite faces and line of conjunction of nine indenters were measured by the optical comparator. The influence of the indenter geometry on the hardness accuracy is investigated. Three calibrated reference hardness test blocks were used to check the Vickers hardness test using the nine selected indenters. The results show that the geometrical error of the indenters (specially the angles) considerably affects the accuracy of the hardness measurement. Finite element analysis of the indentation process into metallic test pieces was conducted. Comparison of the experimental results with the numerical findings was discussed. Errors in the experimental values are correlated with measured tolerances in the angles between faces

Comparison between the NeQuick model and NTCM model with GPS-VTEC over the African low latitude Region

we present a preliminary comparison between GPS-VTEC measurements ,the NeQuick and NTCM modelling results over the african low latitude region. Using a combination of the above datasets together with NeQuick and NTCM calculations. we conduct a statistical annual analysis about the ionospheric behaviors during the enhancing phase of the current solar cycle 24, showing the average behavior and solar activity dependence of GPS , NeQuick and NTCM -derived TEC

Developing the NIS solid density hydrostatic weighing system up to 20 kg

This paper presents a developed design and construction to improve the performance and increasing the density measuring capability of the previous Hydrostatic Weighing Apparatus (HWA-NIS) at the National Institute of Standards (NIS) up to 20 kg. The previous (HWA-NIS) has been constructed up to 10 kg on 2014. The 2-Positions mass handler in the previous (HWA) was developed with 4-Positions pentagon shape to be able to make handling for individual masses in a group at once, when transferring the traceability from the primary standard “the Silicon Sphere” to the standard masses in the density scale weighing process. The weighing pan in the previous (HWA) was developed with four suspension wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm each, leads to reduce the surface tension affect on the measurement uncertainty by factor four times. The density of the standard masses in the range from 2 kg up to 20 kg were measured with an improved expanded uncertainty from 0.150 kg/m3 to 0.078 kg/m3 respectively due to reducing the effect of surface tension via the developed design of the weighing pan

Lactase persistence in the Jordanian population: Potential effects of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara's aridification

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) −13910 C > T has proved a good predictor of the incidence of lactase persistence in Europe and South Asia. Yet, this is not the case in the Near East, although this region is a passageway between the two continents. Lactase persistence is associated with cattle breeding, which originated in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East and spread later during the Middle Neolithic throughout Europe. Here we analyzed five SNPs (−13915 T > G (rs41380347), −13910 C > T (rs4988235), −13907 C > G (rs41525747), −14009 T > G (rs869051967), and −14010 G > C (rs145946881)) in three Jordanian human groups, namely the Bedouins, Jordan valley farmers, and Jordanian urban people. The SNPs −14009 T > G and −14010 G > C were not detected in the sample, −13907 C > G was virtually non-existent, −13910 C > T showed low frequencies, and −13915 T > G exhibited salient frequencies. The estimated incidence of lactase persistence was lower in the urban population (16 %), intermediate in the Jordan Valley's farmer population (30 %), and higher among the Bedouins (62 %). In explaining our findings, we postulated climatic change brought about by the aridification episode of the Arabian Peninsula and the Sahara 4200 years ago. This climatic milestone caused the collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the Old Kingdom in Egypt. Also, it could have led to a drastic decline of cattle in the region, being replaced by the domestication of camels. Loss of traditional crops and increasing dependence on camel milk might have triggered local selective pressures, mainly associated with −13915 T > G and differentiated from the ones in Europe, associated with −13910 C > T

Design and Validation of an Automated Hydrometers Calibration System

Abstract: Liquid density measurement is an important activity in many laboratories. Usually hydrometers are used to measure the density of liquids in the range from 600 kg/m 3 up to 1850 kg/m 3 . For the purpose of metrological traceability of Hydrometers with the international density reference standards a calibration system has been designed, constructed and validated at the National Institute for Standards, NIS, Egypt. The system covers the range from 500 kg/m 3 up to 2000 kg/m 3 . The system is automatically operated for the intended measurements and calibrations using hydrostatic weighing (Cuckow's method). Distilled water was used as a reference liquid. Finite element analysis using (ABAQUS) software for 3D has been used to check the stress, deformation, rigidity, stability as well, to optimize the design of the system. A laser light source and two linear encoders are used to position the standard liquid surface at the hydrometer scale mark during calibration process. For accurate measurements of scale mark position, an image processing technique combined with a high resolution CCD camera for capture the reading during calibration is used. Lab VIEW program is designed to processing the reading from measurement instruments in a fully automated mode. The calibration results present an expanded uncertainty (with a coverage factor of k= 2) less than 100 ppm. The apparatus's performance has been validated by comparing the output results of the system versus Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d'Essais "LNE" calibration certificates of 3 standard hydrometers