Comparison of Ondansetron versus Clonidine efficacy for prevention of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after orthognathic surgeries : a triple blind randomized controlled trial

The aim of this randomized controlled triple blind trial was to compare the efficacy of clonidine with dexamethasone versus ondansetron with dexamethasone for postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting prevention in orthognathic surgery patients. In this clinical trial study, 30 consecutive patients with skeletal class III deformities were candidates for orthognathic surgery in Qaem hospital, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran from March to November 2017. These subjects were randomly assigned to two equal number groups, ondansetron or clonidine. Patients received either oral ondansetron 8mg or oral clonidine 150?g as premedication, 1 hour before the surgery (both dissolved in 20 cc of water). Also both groups received intravenous dexamethasone 8mg (1 hour preoperatively and every 4 hours intraoperatively). In this study, a total of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 23.9 ± 3.9 were investigated. The incidence of postoperative nausea in women was more than men (p=0.003), also the correlation between the incidence of PON and the surgery duration ? 3 hours was statistically significant (p = 0.050). The frequency of postoperative nausea (PON) in the ondansetron group was less than clonidine (53.3% vs 73.3% respectively). There was no postoperative vomiting (POV) in the ondansetron group, but 6.7% of cases in clonidine group suffered POV. Post-operative nausea in ondansetron group occurred significantly later than clonidine (525.0±233.2 vs 100.0±34.0 min; p<0.001). On the other hand, the incidence time of post-operative severe pain or in other word the analgesia time in clonidine group was significantly more than ondansetron one (875/0±68/5 vs 614.3±159.1 min; p<0.001). Ondansetron with dexamethasone premedication was more effective in controlling PONV after orthognathic surgery compared to clonidine with dexamethasone group

Comparison of The Effect of Ketogenic Diet and Low Caloric Diet On Weight Loss in Iranian Obese and Overweight Children

Abstract Overweight and obesity has increased in prevalence over the last two decades in many developed and developing countries including Iran. The aim of this present study was to compare the weight reduction effects of ketogenic and low calorie diets on overweight and obese Iranian children. Seventy-six overweight or obese children aged 9-16 years recruited from outpatient Ghaem Hospital, Nutritional Clinic, were randomized into two groups: a low calorie diet (n=38), a ketogenic diet (n=38). Both groups were treated for three months and followed up weekly. Fasting lipid profiles, blood sugar, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, , and weight were measured. Body fat percentages were measured using Bioimpedance Analysis (Tanita body composition analyzer, BC-418, Japan) for all subjects’ in each visit. Both ketogenic and low caloric diets reduced obesity indices including body fat percentage and improved lipid profiles (P0.05). However, low caloric diet had more potential beneficial effect on body fat percentage and lipid profile than ketogenic diet (

Central serous chorioretinopathy: from glucocorticoids to light intensity

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by a localized accumulation of subretinal fluid and an idiopathic focal leakage from choroidal vessels. The exact pathogenesis of CSC, however, still remains obscure. In this paper, we hypothesized that CSC may result from a response of choroidal vessels to an acute increase in the environmental light intensity leading to a focal leakage from the choroidal vessels. High levels of glucocorticoids, in our proposed model, may cause persistence rather than initiation of the focal leakage, probably by suppressing the synthesis of collagen and extracellular matrix components and inhibiting fibroblastic activity

Photocatalytic Dye Decomposition over CaMnO_3−δ and Pr_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃: A Combined XPS and DFT Study

In the field of environmental sustainability, the development of highly efficient photocatalytic under a wide wavelength range with band engineering is regarded as a promising strategy to enhance photocatalytic dye degradation. Here, we report on CaMnO3−δ and Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 perovskite materials prepared by a sol-gel combustion method. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the particle surfaces of both compounds are oxygen deficient, while the surface hydroxyl and carbonyl groups’ adsorption on the surface of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 particles is more pronounced. FT-FIR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the covalent bonds and oxygen vacancy characteristics. Photocatalytic activities were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange under UV light. It was observed that both dye molecules are more degraded over CaMnO3−δ. The underlying mechanisms behind the photoexcitation and degradation process are established via the Spin-polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT)

Photocatalytic Dye Decomposition over CaMnO3&minus;&delta; and Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3: A Combined XPS and DFT Study

In the field of environmental sustainability, the development of highly efficient photocatalytic under a wide wavelength range with band engineering is regarded as a promising strategy to enhance photocatalytic dye degradation. Here, we report on CaMnO3&minus;&delta; and Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 perovskite materials prepared by a sol-gel combustion method. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the particle surfaces of both compounds are oxygen deficient, while the surface hydroxyl and carbonyl groups&rsquo; adsorption on the surface of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 particles is more pronounced. FT-FIR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the covalent bonds and oxygen vacancy characteristics. Photocatalytic activities were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange under UV light. It was observed that both dye molecules are more degraded over CaMnO3&minus;&delta;. The underlying mechanisms behind the photoexcitation and degradation process are established via the Spin-polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT)

Endovascular treatment of an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting with acute altitudinal visual field defect: A case report

Purpose: To describe a case of endovascular occlusion of an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting with acute altitudinal visual field defect is presented here. Methods: A 52-year-old man was evaluated and treated for altitudinal visual field defect in the right eye. Results: In ophthalmic and neuro-imaging, an accompanying anterior communication artery aneurysm was detected as a cause of visual field defect. He underwent endovascular procedure, yielding excellent outcome as full recovery of visual field defect was observed one month following the procedure and sustained when followed at month 24. Conclusions: Visual dysfunction is a rare presentation of unruptured anterior communication artery aneurysm. Endovascular procedure may be a safe treatment in these cases. Keywords: Intracranial aneurysm, Anterior communicating artery, Visual field, Endovascular procedur

Refractive and Biometric Outcomes Following a Single Dose Intravitreal Bevacizumab Administration: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy on refractive and biometric parameters.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy on refractive and biometric parameters among patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or clinically significant macular edema (CSME).Patients and Methods: This prospective study included patients aged between 35-50 years who received a single dose intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in Khatam-Al-Anbia eye hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, from 2015 to 2017.&nbsp; Dry and cycloplegic refraction, visual function, accommodative amplitude, keratometry results, axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length and central corneal thickness, before and 1 and 3 months after injection were evaluated and compared. Results: Twenty seven patients (fifteen females and twelve males) entered the study with the mean age of 45.18 ± 2.68 years. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of patients improved significantly (P = 0.006) three months post injection compared to before injection.&nbsp; No statistically significant difference was observed between the refractive parameters (dry and cycloplegic refraction), accommodative amplitude, biometric parameters including keratometry, axial length, and lens thickness, before and 1 or 3 months after injection.Conclusion: Based on our findings bevacizumab monotherapy improved the mean BCVA among patients with CRVO, BRVO, or CSME, but had no significant effect on refractive and biometric parameters of the treated eyes up to 3 months after injection

Combined Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor and Basal Cell Ameloblastoma: A Rare Case Report

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor with diverse clinical behavior and histomorphologic presentations. Basal cell ameloblastoma are extremely rare variants of ameloblastoma. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a distinct form of odontogenic cyst that is considered a benign cystic neoplasm and not a cyst. Co-occurrence of these odontogenic tumors has been rarely reported.This paper reports a 34-year old female patient with a unilocular radiolucency around the crown of a partially erupted third molar that was detected accidentally on a routine radiographic examination. She underwent excisional biopsy with a clinical diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. Histopathologic examination revealed a cystic lesion with criteria of OKC and islands and nests reminiscent of basal cell ameloblastoma and acanthomatous ameloblastoma in the stroma. Follow-up showed no recurrence of lesion to date. Due to the rarity of the lesion, the diagnosis was challenging but altogether we made a diagnosis of keratoameloblastoma with basaloid features