Evaluation of the Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Findings of Patients with COVID-19 and Their Associations with Clinical Outcomes in an Iranian Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a concern in the medical community as the virus spreads around the world. It has a heavy global burden, particularly in low-income countries. This virus has its specific outcomes in each population. Hence, it is necessary to design studies to find the epidemiological behaviour of this virus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Labbafinezhad hospital, Tehran, Iran. Demographic features include age, sex, past medical history, drug history, habitual file, influenza vaccination history, recent exposure history, clinical symptoms or signs, and the recorded symptoms. The clinical examination and para-clinical assessment, including chest computed tomography (CT) and laboratory testing on admission, were recorded. Results: It was found that patients with a history of kidney transplantation, high level of LDH, high level of AST, and increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are most at risk of death. Conclusion: Parameters mentioned could help practitioners predict patient outcomes, and necessary interventions could be considered in this regard

Comparison of Ondansetron versus Clonidine efficacy for prevention of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after orthognathic surgeries : a triple blind randomized controlled trial

The aim of this randomized controlled triple blind trial was to compare the efficacy of clonidine with dexamethasone versus ondansetron with dexamethasone for postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting prevention in orthognathic surgery patients. In this clinical trial study, 30 consecutive patients with skeletal class III deformities were candidates for orthognathic surgery in Qaem hospital, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran from March to November 2017. These subjects were randomly assigned to two equal number groups, ondansetron or clonidine. Patients received either oral ondansetron 8mg or oral clonidine 150?g as premedication, 1 hour before the surgery (both dissolved in 20 cc of water). Also both groups received intravenous dexamethasone 8mg (1 hour preoperatively and every 4 hours intraoperatively). In this study, a total of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 23.9 ± 3.9 were investigated. The incidence of postoperative nausea in women was more than men (p=0.003), also the correlation between the incidence of PON and the surgery duration ? 3 hours was statistically significant (p = 0.050). The frequency of postoperative nausea (PON) in the ondansetron group was less than clonidine (53.3% vs 73.3% respectively). There was no postoperative vomiting (POV) in the ondansetron group, but 6.7% of cases in clonidine group suffered POV. Post-operative nausea in ondansetron group occurred significantly later than clonidine (525.0±233.2 vs 100.0±34.0 min; p<0.001). On the other hand, the incidence time of post-operative severe pain or in other word the analgesia time in clonidine group was significantly more than ondansetron one (875/0±68/5 vs 614.3±159.1 min; p<0.001). Ondansetron with dexamethasone premedication was more effective in controlling PONV after orthognathic surgery compared to clonidine with dexamethasone group

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Mimicking Fulminant Periorbital Cellulitis

Purpose: To report a patient who was referred for orbital cellulitis but was finally diagnosed with acute leukemia. Case Report: A 17-year-old boy presented with fever, periorbital erythema and swelling mimicking periorbital cellulitis. He underwent empiric antibiotic therapy. Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with a predominance of immature blast cells. Bone marrow aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. Chemotherapy was initiated resulting in resolution of signs and symptoms. Conclusion: Acute leukemia may mimic periorbital cellulitis and must be considered in the differential diagnosis

Investing of dynamic effect of immigration from rural to urban on income inequality: case study of rural regions in Iran

Today, rural migration to urban areas, leads to an aggregate fall in welfare due to lack of infrastructure for integrating the newcomers into urban settings. Not only does it lead to reduction of the welfare of rural migrants and creation of social problems in urban areas, but it also undermines the welfare of rural residents through increasing inequality in rural incomes. In this paper, we apply the combined data (panel) method and use the generalized momentum econometric model (GMM), to analyze panel rural data of 30 provinces of Iran for the period 2005 to 2015 to see how rural migration affects rural inequality.  Our research results show that migration at the beginning increases rural income inequality but that it tends to decrease rural income inequality in subsequent periods

Refractive and Biometric Outcomes Following a Single Dose Intravitreal Bevacizumab Administration: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy on refractive and biometric parameters.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy on refractive and biometric parameters among patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or clinically significant macular edema (CSME).Patients and Methods: This prospective study included patients aged between 35-50 years who received a single dose intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in Khatam-Al-Anbia eye hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, from 2015 to 2017.&nbsp; Dry and cycloplegic refraction, visual function, accommodative amplitude, keratometry results, axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length and central corneal thickness, before and 1 and 3 months after injection were evaluated and compared. Results: Twenty seven patients (fifteen females and twelve males) entered the study with the mean age of 45.18 ± 2.68 years. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of patients improved significantly (P = 0.006) three months post injection compared to before injection.&nbsp; No statistically significant difference was observed between the refractive parameters (dry and cycloplegic refraction), accommodative amplitude, biometric parameters including keratometry, axial length, and lens thickness, before and 1 or 3 months after injection.Conclusion: Based on our findings bevacizumab monotherapy improved the mean BCVA among patients with CRVO, BRVO, or CSME, but had no significant effect on refractive and biometric parameters of the treated eyes up to 3 months after injection

Consequences of inadvertent intravitreal Mitomycin C injection

Abstract Background Mitomycin C (MMC) as an alkylating agent is miscellaneous an antineoplastic, antibiotic and ophthalmic agent. Here we aim to report a case of inadvertent intravitreal MMC injection instead of Avastin in case of diabetic macular edema. Case presentation A 53 years old woman was planned to receive intravitreal Avastin injection, but accidentally, 0.05 ml of MMC 0.2% was injected. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/160 before injection. After 2 days, patient was referred to a tertiary referral eye center. BCVA was hand motion at presentation. Intraocular pressure was 4 mmHg. In slit lamp exams, conjunctival injection, corneal edema, Descemet fold, anterior chamber and anterior vitreous cells were presented. Pars plana vitrectomy with peripheral vitreous shaving and silicone oil tamponade was performed. Electroretinography showed undetectable responses. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed ciliary body shortening and detachment. Optical coherent tomography showed diffuse retinal edema the day after surgery, subretinal fluid pockets in 2 weeks, and atrophy with undetectable and intertwined layers 2 months later. Gradually, like the retina, iris became atrophic and pigments were dispersed diffusely over the lens and endothelium. Conclusion MMC is showed to be severely toxic to intraocular tissues. In our case, iris and ciliary body became atrophic. Ciliary body detachment induced hypotony. Moreover, MMC induces retinal necrosis and atrophy. Visual outcome is profoundly poor

Recurrent Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma due to Overlooked Multiple Tumors

Purpose: To report late recurrence of orbital cavernous hemangioma in a patient ten years after complete resection of the primary tumor. Case Report: A 32-year-old woman with a history of progressive visual loss and proptosis underwent lateral orbitotomy for resection of a large cavernous hemangioma. Ten years later, proptosis recurred and the patient developed progressive ocular deviation. Imaging studies were in favor of a recurrent cavernous hemangioma and the tumor was excised via the previous incision site. Reassessment of previous orbital images suggested the presence of two separate tumors, only one of which had been excised at the time of initial surgery. Conclusion: Recurrent orbital cavernous hemangioma may follow incomplete excision of multiple orbital lesions with gradual growth of unidentified residual tumors. Accordingly, when an encapsulated cavernous hemangioma is removed, exploration is recommended to rule out multiple lesions