Utilización de instrumentos de clasificación de pacientes: análisis de la producción del conocimiento brasileño

Objective To analyze the production of scientific knowledge about the use of patients’ classification instruments in care and management practice in Brazil. Method Integrative literature review with databases search in: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and SCOPUS, between January 2002 through December 2013. Results 1,194 studies were found, 31 met the inclusion criteria. We observed a higher number of studies in the category care plans and workload (n=15), followed by the category evaluation of psychometric properties (n=14). Conclusion Brazilian knowledge production has not yet investigated some purposes of using instruments for classifying patients in professional nursing practice. The identification of unexplored areas can guide future research on the topic.
Objetivo Analizar la producción del conocimiento científico acerca de la utilización de instrumentos de clasificación de pacientes en la práctica asistencial y de gestión en Brasil. Método Revisión integradora de la literatura con consulta a las bases de datos: Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y SCOPUS, relativas al período de enero de 2002 a diciembre de 2013. Resultados De las 1.194 publicaciones encontradas, 31 atendieron a los criterios de selección. Se observó una mayor cantidad de artículos en la categoría perfil asistencial y carga laboral (n=15), seguidos de la categoría evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas (n=14). Conclusión La producción nacional todavía no ha investigado algunas finalidades de utilización de instrumentos de clasificación de pacientes en la práctica profesional del enfermero. La identificación de áreas aún no exploradas podrá orientar futuras investigaciones acerca de la temática.Objective To analyze the production of scientific knowledge about the use of patients’ classification instruments in care and management practice in Brazil. Method Integrative literature review with databases search in: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and SCOPUS, between January 2002 through December 2013. Results 1,194 studies were found, 31 met the inclusion criteria. We observed a higher number of studies in the category care plans and workload (n=15), followed by the category evaluation of psychometric properties (n=14). Conclusion Brazilian knowledge production has not yet investigated some purposes of using instruments for classifying patients in professional nursing practice. The identification of unexplored areas can guide future research on the topic.


Therapeutic implications of transesophageal echocardiography after transthoracic echocardiography on acute stroke patients

Tiago Tribolet de Abreu, Sonia Mateus, Cecilia Carreteiro, Jose CorreiaLaboratorio de Ultrasonografia Cardiaca e Neurovascular, Hospital do Espirito Santo-Evora, E. P. E., PortugalBackground: The role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the evaluation of acute stroke patients is still ill-defined. We conducted a prospective observational study to find the prevalence of TEE findings that indicate anticoagulation as beneficial, in acute ischemic stroke patients without indication for anticoagulation based on clinical, electrocardiographic and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings.Methods: We prospectively studied all patients referred to our laboratory for TTE and TEE. Patients were excluded if the diagnosis was not acute ischemic stroke or if they had an indication for anticoagulation based on clinical, electrocardiographic, or TTE data. Patients with TEE findings that might indicate anticoagulation as beneficial were identified.Results: A total of 84 patients with acute ischemic stroke and without indication for anticoagulation based on clinical and electrocardiographic or TTE data were included in the study. Findings indicating anticoagulation as beneficial were found in 32.1%: spontaneous echo contrast (1.2%), complex aortic atheroma (27.4%), thrombus (8.3%), and simultaneous patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm (2.4%).Conclusions: The results of our study show that TEE can have therapy implications in 32.1% of ischemic stroke patients in sinus rhythm and with TTE with no indication for anticoagulation.Keywords: acute ischemic stroke, transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, therap

Perfil descriptivo de los/as jóvenes que han participado en el programa Súmate durante 2018-2019

En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado, hemos realizado un perfil descriptivo de los y las jóvenes que han participado en el programa Súmate desde el 1 de Junio de 2018 hasta el 31 de enero de 2019. A lo largo de este trabajo, podremos ver la realización de un estudio cuantitativo-cualitativo en el que hemos ampliado la base de datos existente dentro del programa Súmate incluyendo nuevas variables, teniendo como objetivo que existan comparaciones y relaciones entre ellas para poder desarrollar un documento en el que se refleje la diversidad dentro de la asociación a través de las diferentes variables expuestas y así poder realizar un perfil general.In this Final Degree Project, we have made a descriptive profile of the young people who have participated in the Súmate program from June 1, 2018 until January 31, 2019. Throughout this work, we can see the realization of a quantitative-qualitative study in which we have expanded the existing database within the Súmate program, including new variables, with the objective that there are comparisons and relationships between them in order to develop a document that reflects the diversity within the association through the different exposed variables and thus be able to make a general profile

Alternative Splicing and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative process whose origin is unknown. It has been associated with this process at least two important proteins: the first is the β-amyloid forming amyloid plaques and the second protein is Tau, which has been determined to precipitates inside the neuron because hyperphosphorylation, causing instability in the axon. Tau microtubule-associated protein (MAP) is essential for the development of neuronal cell polarity. Tau protein is preferentially localized in the axons, whereas MAP2, another neuronal specific microtubule-associated protein, is localized in the somatodendritic domain. Previous studies have demonstrated that the localization of these proteins depends, at least in part, on messenger RNA (mRNA) subcellular localization, that is, Tau mRNA into the axon and MAP2 mRNA into the dendrite. Tau protein has an essential role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, and hyperphosphorylated Tau promotes destabilization of microtubules. Tau alternative splicing generates six isoforms in the adult human brain due to the inclusion or exclusion of exons 2, 3, and 10. The failure in the splicing process of exon 10 generates a tauopathy, which can be carried out by the amyloid peptide; however, the splicing of other exons is less studied. The impact of amyloid peptide on the alternative splicing of exons 2, 3, and 6 caused formed cell processes to retract in differentiated cells and altered the expression of exons 2/3 in cell culture. Expression of exon 6 was repressed under β-amyloid treatment. The molecular mechanism for this amyloid-Tau interaction remains to be determined, but may have potential implications for the understanding of the underlying neuropathological processes in Alzheimer’s disease

Metabolite profiling of postharvest senescence in different strawberry cultivars

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is the berry most consumed worldwide, being well appreciated for its flavour and nutritional characteristics. However, strawberries possess a very short postharvest shelf-life due to their high respiration rate and their susceptibility to water loss, mechanical damage and fungi deterioration (Feliziani and Romanazzi, 2016). Extension of fruit shelf-life is a major economic goal, and measures are commercially taken to delay senescence, including the use of low temperature storage alone or in combination with controlled atmosphere (Pedreschi and Lurie, 2015). To improve our understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the deterioration of fruit quality attributes during senescence, we realized a metabolite profiling of five commercial strawberry cultivars under different postharvest treatments. Ripe fruits were harvested and kept at 4ºC during three, six and ten days in ambient, CO2-enriched and O3-enriched atmospheres. We used a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS) and headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS to identify and semi-quantify 49 primary metabolites (sugars, amino and organic acids), 132 polar secondary metabolites (mainly polyphenols) and 70 volatile compounds. Multivariate statistical approaches were used to characterize the variation in metabolite content during the strawberry fruit postharvest life and to identify the biochemical pathways which are most affected in the senescence processes. Preliminary analysis pointed out that changes in primary metabolism were possibly related to responses to abiotic stress.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Hipertiroidismo e insuficiencia cardiaca

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an increase in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which have an important effect on the cardiovascular system, which could predispose to the development of heart failure in this population. Objective: To review the pathophysiological mechanisms through which heart failure occurs in patients with hyperthyroidism. Methods: A narrative review of the literature on the effect of hyperthyroidism on the heart and the pathophysiological mechanisms related to heart failure was performed. Results: Increased thyroid hormones exert an effect on heart rate, contractile function, and electrical conduction of the heart, which is related to the appearance of high output heart failure and late the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy can be observed, findings potentially reversible with the treatment of the underlying pathology. Conclusions: Hyperthyroidism-related heart failure is a heterogeneous disease, potentially reversible with treatment of the underlying endocrinological disease.Objetivo: Revisar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos a través de los cuales se presenta la insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con hipertiroidismo. Métodos: Se realizo una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre sobre el efecto del hipertiroidismo en el corazón y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que se relacionan con insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados: El aumento de las hormonas tiroideas ejercen un efecto sobre la frecuencia cardíaca, la función contráctil y la conducción eléctrica del corazón, que se relaciona con la aparición de insuficiencia cardíaca de alto gasto y tardíamente puede observarse la presencia de miocardiopatía dilatada, hallazgos potencialmente reversibles con el tratamiento de la patología de base. Conclusiones: La insuficiencia cardíaca relacionada con el hipertiroidismo es una enfermedad heterogénea, potencialmente reversible con el tratamiento de la enfermedad endocrinológica de base

Development and validation of HPLC method with fluorometric detection for quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane in animal tissues following administration in polymeric nanoparticles.

A simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane (BNIPDaoct), a potent anti-Leishmania compound, incorporated into poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles was developed and validated toward bioanalysis application. Biological tissue extracts were injected into a reversed-phase monolithic column coupled to a fluorimetric detector (λexc = 234 nm, λem = 394 nm), using isocratic elution with aqueous buffer (acetic acid/acetate 0.10 M, pH 4.5, 0.010 M octanesulfonic acid) and acetonitrile, 60:40 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1. The run time was 6 min, with a BNIPDaoct retention time of 3.3 min. Calibration curves were linear for BNIPDaoct concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.100 μM. Matrix effects were observed and calibration curves were performed using the different organ (spleen, liver, kidney, heart and lung) extracts. The method was found to be specific, accurate (97.3-106.8% of nominal values) and precise for intra-day (RSD 88.4%. The LOD and LOQ for biological matrices were ≤0.8 and ≤1.8 nM, respectively, corresponding to values ≤4 and ≤9 nmol g-1 in mice organs. The method developed was successfully applied to biodistribution assessment following intravenous administration of BNIPDaoct in solution or incorporated in PLGA nanoparticles

Panorama de la osteoporosis en pacientes con VIH

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an important public health problem. Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved patient survival; as a consequence, the chronicity of the infection has led to several complications, including alterations in bone mineral metabolism. Objective: Summarize the main factors that affect bone health in HIV patients and result in an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture in this population. Methods: A narrative review of the main factors that alter bone mineral metabolism in HIV patients was performed. Results: Bone mineral metabolism in the HIV patient is affected by traditional modifiable factors such as vitamin D deficiency and non-modifiable factors such as age. However, the presence of the virus, the host immune inflammatory response and retroviral therapy may also decrease bone mineral density. Conclusion: Early identification and intervention of factors affecting bone health in HIV-infected patients is imperative to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.Introducción: la infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) es un problema importante de salud pública. La terapia antirretroviral ha mejorado notablemente la sobrevida de los pacientes; en consecuencia, la cronicidad de la infección ha conllevado a diversas complicaciones como las alteraciones del metabolismo mineral óseo. Objetivo: resumir los principales factores que afectan la salud ósea en el paciente con VIH y que llevan al aumento del riesgo de osteoporosis y fracturas en esa población. Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa de los principales factores que alteran el metabolismo mineral óseo en pacientes con VIH. Resultados: el metabolismo mineral óseo en el paciente con VIH se afecta por factores tradicionales modificables, como la deficiencia de vitamina D y no modificables como la edad. Sin embargo, la presencia del virus, la respuesta inflamatoria inmune del huésped y la terapia retroviral también pueden disminuir la densidad mineral ósea. Conclusión: la identificación e intervención precoz de los factores que afectan a la salud ósea en pacientes infectados por el VIH es imprescindible para reducir el riesgo de osteoporosis y fracturas