Elasticity of Substitution between Capital and Labor and its applications to growth and development

This paper estimates the elasticity of substitution of an aggregate production function. The estimating equation is derived from the steady state of a neoclassical growth model. The data comes from the PWT in which different countries face different relative prices of the investment good and exhibit different investment-output ratios. Then, taking advantage of this variation we estimate the long-run elasticity of substitution. Using various estimation techniques, we find that the elasticity of substitution is 0.7, which is lower than the elasticity, 1, that is traditionally used in macro-development exercises. We show that this lower elasticity reinforces the power of the neoclassical model to explain income differences across countries as coming from differential distortions.Demand for Investment, Dynamic Panel Data, Elasticity of Substitution

SAFTE-VAT Functionality Effects on Flight Instructors\u27 Situation Awareness and Instrument Student Pilots\u27 Performance during FTD Training

SAFTE-VAT is a virtual air traffic control systems that adds the capability to integrate automated air traffic control functionality and generate semiautonomous and autonomous air traffic to the Frasca 172S level 6 plus FTD to improve behavioral fidelity and to facilitate flight instructors the capacity to focus more on instructing student pilots instead of role-playing ATC duties. While SAFTE-VAT may offer a more realistic ATC interaction experience onboard the FTD that may result in a positive transfer of training increase, the effects on flight instructors’ situation awareness and overall student pilot performance are uncertain. In this small study, flight instructors and instrument student pilots were observed completing while lesson 32 of the FA221 instrument course was onboard a Frasca 172S level 6 plus FTD with and without the use of SAFTE-VAT. During each FTD lesson 32 flight instructors were queried to test for situation awareness. Student performance data was collected upon completion of each FTD lesson and analyzed. The results revealed the possibility of situation awareness decrease during periods of low FTD activity levels when SAFTE-VAT was used. Student performance data favored the lessons conducted without the SAFTE-VAT

Double Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart for the Individual Based on a Linear Prediction

Industrial process quality control frequently uses the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average control chart (EWMA CC) and the double EWMA CC (DEWMA CC) to detect small shifts in a process when the sample size =1. The EWMA CC was initially developed and evaluated in 1959. In 2005, the EWMA technique was extended to the DEWMA. Continued research into DEWMA has developed and assessed several alternatives, including multivariate control charts. These studies focus on detecting small shifts in process. In practice, however, we occasionally wish to detect small trends instead of shifts in the process. The effectiveness of these methods to determine small trends in a process has not been thoroughly researched in the current literature. This research proposes a new control chart, based on the fundamental theorem of exponential smoothing prediction, first presented by Brown and Meyer in 1961. The new chart is called “The Double Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Based on a Linear Prediction” (DEWMABLP) control chart. This study presents a simulation to contrast the efficiency of DEWMABLP, EWMA, DEWMA, and classical Shewhart control charts when small trends are introduced. A conclusion is the DEWMABLP control chart can be used to monitoring small shifts. Also, results suggest that the new control chart is more efficient than the other control charts not only for small drifts, but also for small shifts

Necropolitical changes and repressive strategies on an Amazonian capitalistic frontier: Xambioá town, Tocantins, Brazil

This paper analyzes material changes undergone by the town of Xambioá, Tocantins State, Northern Brazil in a time of State terrorism. It argues that such changes were the product of the necropolitical approach materialized by a repressive system implemented and guided by the Brazilian Dictatorship along the lines of doctrines of national security. It focuses on the interaction between the town and the actions of repression undertaken against an Amazonian armed movement, the 1970s Araguaia Guerrilla, by which the Communist Party of Brazil aimed to bring down the military through a massive peasant uprising. For this urban archaeology of State terrorism, this work uses remote sensing, spatial syntax, and urban morphology, unveiling the material ruptures and terrorscapes that made up a new ontology established in the Bico do Papagaio region to instil fear, in order to control and silence residents.Este artigo analisa as mudanças materiais desencadeadas pelo terrorismo de Estado que assolou a cidade de Xambioá, no Tocantins. Argumenta que tais mudanças fazem parte de perspectivas necropolíticas materializadas em um sistema repressivo orientado à doutrina de segurança nacional implementada pela ditadura brasileira. Dá foco à interação entre a cidade de Xambioá e a repressão contra a Guerrilha do Araguaia nos anos 1970, um movimento armado amazônico organizado pelo Partido Comunista do Brasil com o objetivo de derrubar os militares no poder através de uma revolta camponesa maciça. Para uma arqueologia urbana do terrorismo de Estado, a pesquisa baseou-se no sensoriamento remoto, na sintaxe espacial e na morfologia urbana para desvendar rupturas materiais e paisagens de terror como novas ontologias estabelecidas na região do Bico do Papagaio que usaram o medo para controlar e silenciar os moradores locais