Technology development of obtaining essential fatty acids from hydrobionts hydrolyzates

Articleɷ-3, 6-fatty acids from hydrobiontsare a minor component in the nutrition of European countries population. This causes a number of diseases, such as cardiovascular ones, cancer etc. There is a task of concentrating these acids in oil due to the fact that to meet their daily needs it is problematic to use large quantities of fish oil-from 15 to 20 g. Particularly rich in ɷ-3, 6-acids are wastes from the cutting of hydrobionts, containing muscle tissue and skin. Protein hydrolysates were obtained from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) and Atlantic herring (Clupeaharengus) wastes by the electrochemical method using electrolyzers of the original design which are allowed to be used in food industry. A technological scheme of separating of lipids from protein hydrolyzates has been developed and experimental batches of oil samples have been developed. To concentrate the fatty acids the cryoconcentration method was used. The phase transitions of the obtained lipids were studied after their cryoconcentration in the temperature range from + 15 °C to minus 40 °C in the environment of calcium chloride using a low-temperature refrigeration unit. To analyze phase transitions the plant was used, which is a container with a solution of calcium chloride cooled by a low-temperature refrigeration machine. The properties of 5 fractions of lipids formed at the time of lipid phase transitions have been identified and studied (the fractional composition, acid, iodine numbers, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D3 and A). It was established that as cryoconcentration increases the concentration of PUFAs, reaching values close to 90%, which allows the resulting product to be attributed to biologically active food additives (BAA). By calculation, it was shown that to create functional food products on fish base from fish of the Gadidae family it is enough to inject 4 grams of BAA to 100 grams of the product. Organoleptic properties of food products from low-fat fish species were improved

Odic Versions of the ‘Social Contract’ in 18th-century Russia

The article was submitted on 12.04.2016.Теория общественного договора является одним из базовых социально-политических учений эпохи Просвещения в Европе и в России. Различные модели взаимоотношений власти и общества суть постоянно меняющийся идейный конструкт, негласное соглашение, создаваемое и проговариваемое в различных текстах культуры. Основное внимание в статье уделяется одической поэзии XVIII в., то есть той области литературной и политической культуры, где идеи взаимовыгодного соглашения сторон – монарха и подданных – получили образное общедоступное воплощение. Задача – выявить основные этапы и художественную специфику взаимоотношений между монархом и подданными, образно представленные в одической поэзии. Парадигма «общественного договора» в основных чертах сложилась уже в петровское время, когда были определены «должности» государя и подданных: монарх радеет о добре общем, а подданные повинуются и служат. Поэты Петровской эпохи (Карион Истомин, И. В. Паус, В. К. Тредиаковский) утверждают идеи просвещения «россов», вменяя в обязанности монарха защищать веру и отечество от врагов и долг верной службы народа царю. После смерти Петра ситуация меняется. На первый план в одах и надписях к иллюминациям и фейерверкам выдвигается фигура императрицы, идеальной правительницы и просвещенной государыни, деятельность которой направлена на достижение «блаженства» россов. Изменяются и эмоциональные мотивы «договора»: любовь объявляется движущей силой действий и монархини, и подданных; «за доброты и щедроты» императрицы подданные готовы жертвовать собой. Отечески-сыновняя модель отношений власти и граждан во время правления Елизаветы Петровны не превратилась в материнско-сыновнюю, и главными одическими «именами» императрицы остались «кровь Петрова» и «дщерь Петрова». В литературе конца 1770-х – 1790-х гг. блаженство подданных объявляется необходимым условиям блаженства правителя, а невозможность критики монарха инициирует критику вельмож, далеких от народных нужд и чаяний. К концу века торжественная ода становится нисходящим жанром, востребованным лишь в моменты восшествия на престол Павла I и Александра I. Начало 1800-х гг. можно считать условной границей, после которой в русском образованном обществе происходит крушение иллюзий в отношении «полюбовного соглашения» между монархом и подданными, что отразилось в литературных текстах.Social contract theory is one of the basic socio-political doctrines of the European and Russian Enlightenments. Various models of relationships between the authorities and society are reflected in the treatises of European and Russian enlighteners. However, the concept of the social contract is a constantly changing ideological construct, ‘a tacit agreement’ created, sought for, and pronounced in different cultural texts. The authors of the article mainly focus on the odic poetry of the 18th century, the sphere of Russian culture where the idea of a mutually beneficial agreement between a monarch and their subjects was most vividly, clearly, and comprehensively expressed. The article aims to identify the main stages in the history of development of the relationship between a monarch and their subjects as reflected in poetry. The ‘social contract’ paradigm was mostly formed during the reign of Peter the Great, when the ‘functions’ of a sovereign and his subjects were determined: a monarch took care of the commonweal and his subjects obeyed and served him. Some poets of the Petrine epoch (Karion Istomin, I. V. Paus, V. K. Trediakovsky) endorsed ideas of enlightening the Russ, the monarch’s duty to protect the faith and fatherland from foes, and subjects’ faithful service to their monarch. After Peter the Great’s death, the situation changed. The figure of the empress as an ideal ruler and an enlightened monarch who did everything possible to attain the ‘bliss’ of the Russ came to the fore in odes and verse inscriptions for fireworks and illuminations. The emotional motives of the ‘social contract’ were also modified: love was declared the driving force of the monarch and her subjects. Subjects should be willing to sacrifice themselves for the empress’s kindness and generosity. The paternal-filial model of the relationship between the authorities and citizens did not change into a maternal-filial one during Elizabeth’s reign. The names used to refer to the empress’s in odes names remained ‘Peter’s blood’ and ‘Peter’s daughter’. In the literary culture of the 1770s–1990s, subjects’ bliss was declared a necessary condition of the ruler’s bliss. That it was impossible to criticise the monarch provoked criticism from the nobles, who were unfamiliar with the common people’s needs and aspirations. By the end of the century, the genre of the solemn ode was in decline: it only returned to popularity during Paul I’s and Alexander I’s accessions to the throne. The beginning of the 1800s can be considered a borderline, after which illusions about the possibility of an ‘amicable agreement’ between a monarch and their subjects were destroyed

Obtention of omega-3-fatty acids cryoconcentrated fish oil from by-products of preserves industry

Received: February 24th, 2021 ; Accepted: May 2nd, 2021 ; Published: May 19th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] technology for obtaining and cryoconcentration of high-quality fish oil from collagen-containing wastes of slightly salted herring under gentle conditions using electrochemically obtained catholytes has been developed. Physicochemical analysis of raw materials was carried out and the yields of products from raw materials at all stages of processing were determined. Concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in oil was carried out using the cryo method. The main phase transitions in oil with decreasing temperature have been determined. The mass yields were determined and the biochemical composition of the cryoconcentrated fish oil fractions was investigated. It was defined the temperature of -14° С at which a phase transition is observed, providing an increase in the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in oil by 3 times. The usage of cryoconcentrated fish oil allows to produce biologically active food supplement or raw materials for a functional food

Investigating RFC1 expansions in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A homozygous AAGGG repeat expansion within the RFC1 gene was recently described as a common cause of CANVAS syndrome. We examined 1069 sporadic ALS patients for the presence of this repeat expansion. We did not discover any carriers of the homozygous AAGGG expansion in our ALS cohort, indicating that this form of RFC1 repeat expansions is not a common cause of sporadic ALS. However, our study did identify a novel repeat conformation and further expanded on the highly polymorphic nature of the RFC1 locus

Las momias egipcias del Museo de La Plata: Estudios recientes

Presentamos en esta oportunidad un breve resumen de los estudios emprendidos en los últimos años sobre las tres momias conservadas en la División Antropología del Museo de La Plata, cuyo arribo a la misma data del siglo XIX. Dos de ellas, con sus ataúdes decorados, fueron donadas por Dardo Rocha, quien las había obtenido en Egipto en 1888. La tercera procede probablemente de la colección de Luis A. Viglione, reunida en 1889. Las mismas fueron publicadas por primera vez en 1927 por M. de Barrio , tomando como punto de partida las anotaciones realizadas por Alexandre Moret en su visita al Museo en 1925...Fil: Santos, Diego Maximiliano. Centro de Estudios del Egipto y del Mediterráneo Oriental; ArgentinaFil: Pucciarelli, Hector Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Antropología; ArgentinaFil: Daizo, María Belén. Centro de Estudios del Egipto y del Mediterráneo Oriental; ArgentinaFil: Abramzon, Fernando. Municipalidad de Malvinas Argentinas (buenos Aires). Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Doctor Federico Abete.; ArgentinaFil: Lesyk, Sonia A.. Municipalidad de Malvinas Argentinas (buenos Aires). Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Doctor Federico Abete.; Argentin

Surface Tension of Seawater

New measurements and a reference correlation for the surface tension of seawater at atmospheric pressure are presented in this paper. Surface tension of seawater was measured across a salinity range of 20 ⩽ S ⩽ 131 g/kg and a temperature range of 1 ⩽ t ⩽ 92 °C at atmospheric pressure using the Wilhelmy plate method. The uncertainty within measurements varied from 0.18 to 0.37 mN/m with the average uncertainty being 0.22 mN/m. The experimental procedures were validated with tests conducted on ACS reagent grade water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Literature data and present measurements were evaluated and a reference correlation was developed expressing surface tension of seawater as a function of temperature and salinity. The average absolute percentage deviation between measurements and the correlation was 0.19% while the maximum deviation was 0.60%.Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM (Project R13-CW-10

Genetic analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies contributing pathways and cell types

Despite the considerable progress in unraveling the genetic causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. We analyzed genome-wide data involving 78,500 individuals using a polygenic risk score approach to identify the biological pathways and cell types involved in ALS. This data-driven approach identified multiple aspects of the biology underlying the disease that resolved into broader themes, namely, neuron projection morphogenesis, membrane trafficking, and signal transduction mediated by ribonucleotides. We also found that genomic risk in ALS maps consistently to GABAergic interneurons and oligodendrocytes, as confirmed in human single-nucleus RNA-seq data. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we nominated six differentially expressed genes (ATG16L2, ACSL5, MAP1LC3A, MAPKAPK3, PLXNB2, and SCFD1) within the significant pathways as relevant to ALS. We conclude that the disparate genetic etiologies of this fatal neurological disease converge on a smaller number of final common pathways and cell types

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ МИНИДОСТУПА В ГРУДНОЙ ХИРУРГИИ

The results of minimal access surgery in patients with benign tumors and lung bullae and also with mediastinal lymphadenopathy are presented. On the front and axial CT slices the possibility of accurate preoperative localization of mini-thoracotomy on intercostal space and conventional chest lines was demonstrated by simple calculations as well as the optimization of its length depending on the depth of the pathological focus. The developed method has allowed to reduce the length of the cut, to reduce the time of operation and the time of introduction of analgesics in the postoperative period.Представлены результаты оперативного вмешательства из минидоступа у пациентов с доброкачественными опухолями и буллами лёгких, а также лимфаденопатией средостения. На фронтальных и аксиальных компьютерно-томографических срезах с помощью несложных расчётов показана возможность точной дооперационной локализации миниторакотомии по межреберью и условным линиям грудной клетки, а также оптимизации её длины, в зависимости от глубины расположения патологического очага. Разработанная методика позволила уменьшить длину разреза, сократить время операции и сроки введения анальгетиков в послеоперационном периоде.

Clinical characteristics of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying the pathogenic GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9ORF72

A large hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat expansion in the first intron of C9ORF72, a gene located on chromosome 9p21, has been recently reported to be responsible for similar to 40% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases of European ancestry. The aim of the current article was to describe the phenotype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases carrying the expansion by providing a detailed clinical description of affected cases from representative multi-generational kindreds, and by analysing the age of onset, gender ratio and survival in a large cohort of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We collected DNA and analysed phenotype data for 141 index Italian familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases (21 of Sardinian ancestry) and 41 German index familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. Pathogenic repeat expansions were detected in 45 (37.5%) patients from mainland Italy, 12 (57.1%) patients of Sardinian ancestry and nine (22.0%) of the 41 German index familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. The disease was maternally transmitted in 27 (49.1%) pedigrees and paternally transmitted in 28 (50.9%) pedigrees (P = non-significant). On average, children developed disease 7.0 years earlier than their parents [children: 55.8 years (standard deviation 7.9), parents: 62.8 (standard deviation 10.9); P = 0.003]. Parental phenotype influenced the type of clinical symptoms manifested by the child: of the 13 cases where the affected parent had an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal dementia, the affected child also developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia in nine cases. When compared with patients carrying mutations of other amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related genes, those with C9ORF72 expansion had commonly a bulbar onset (42.2% compared with 25.0% among non-C9ORF72 expansion cases, P = 0.03) and cognitive impairment (46.7% compared with 9.1% among non-C9ORF72 expansion cases, P = 0.0001). Median survival from symptom onset among cases carrying C9ORF72 repeat expansion was 3.2 years lower than that of patients carrying TARDBP mutations (5.0 years; 95% confidence interval: 3.6-7.2) and longer than those with FUS mutations (1.9 years; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-2.1). We conclude that C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions were the most frequent mutation in our large cohort of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Italian, Sardinian and German ancestry. Together with mutation of SOD1, TARDBP and FUS, mutations of C9ORF72 account for similar to 60% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Italy. Patients with C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions present some phenotypic differences compared with patients with mutations of other genes or with unknown mutations, namely a high incidence of bulbar-onset disease and comorbidity with frontotemporal dementia. Their pedigrees typically display a high frequency of cases with pure frontotemporal dementia, widening the concept of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis