Multiple State Representation Scheme for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Novel Analysis Perspective

The physics of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells is studied within a six state model, which is used to analyze the factors that affect current-voltage characteristics, power-voltage properties and efficiency, and their dependence on nonradiative losses, reorganization of the nuclear environment, and environmental polarization. Both environmental reorganization and polarity is explicitly taken into account by incorporating Marcus heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfer rates. The environmental polarity is found to have a nonnegligible influence both on the stationary current and on the overall solar cell performance. For our organic bulk heterojunction solar cell operating under steady-state open circuit condition, we also find that the open circuit voltage logarithmically decreases with increasing nonradiative electron-hole recombination processes.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Simulation of Convective Drying with Shrinkage using the Finite Window Method: Application and Validation

This work presents the simulation of drying with shrinkage by the finished window method. To do this, we recalled the drying balance equations and expressed the shrinkage that a product undergoes during the process of product dehydration by means of the shrinkage rate. Then presented the method of resolution employed with an application to the drying of cocoa beans. The different profiles obtained in terms of temperature, water content and volume shrinkage have been shown to be in perfect agreement with the literature. The comparison of the results of the present study with the experimental data of Koua and al., (2017) presents an average relative error of 2.89% for the water content and 0.99% for the reduced volume. The theoretical results are in perfect agreement with the experiments, which gives us a validation criterion of the method proposed as suitable for the resolution of the drying equations

Factors affecting the site of investment, and the reliance on savings for arctic breeders : the capital–income dichotomy revisited

The extent to which migratory birds that breed in the Arctic and winter in southern biomes rely on residual body stores for reproduction is unresolved. The short arctic summer and the limited availability of food early in the season constrain the time available for successful reproduction. Birds that are able to bring sufficient endogenous reserves to the breeding ground to meet, at least partially, the demands of egg-laying can initiate clutch production soon after arrival, thereby shortening the length of the breeding season and improving the chances of reproductive success. The amount of reserves available will be influenced by body size, the increased energetic and predation costs associated with carrying large stores, distances between staging sites and the location of the breeding grounds within the Arctic. Birds need not fly directly to the breeding grounds from the established temperate staging sites. Extensive feeding by migrants may occur in the Arctic, even within a few kilometres of the breeding sites as the birds track the retreating snowline. Irrespective of their size, birds are thus able to store some resources necessary for egg laying at local or regional scales. It is thus important to make a distinction between local capital and distant capital breeding. The extent to which a bird is characterized as a distant capital, local capital, or an income breeder not only varies between species, but also between individuals and seasons.<br /

Numerical and experimental characterization of internal heat and mass transfer during convective drying of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in a drying air stream

This work consisted of simulating convective heat and mass transfers during the drying of papaya in a parallel air stream. The aim of this work was to simultaneously couple the two-dimensional heat and mass transfer equations in the product in order to predict the drying kinetics of the papaya. These papaya slices were arranged on a rack with a length (L) of 30 cm and thickness (E) of 5 mm. The Luikov equations thus established for this model were discretized using the implicit finite difference method and then solved simultaneously using the Matlab 2014 tool. Simulations of papaya drying were performed under the influence of drying air temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C), drying air velocity (0.5, 1 and 1.76 m/s), relative air humidity (20, 40, and 60%), and product thickness (4, 5, and 6 mm). The numerical simulation results allowed the prediction of the temperature and humidity distributions inside the product during the drying process. The predicted data from this model were compared to the experimental data. The results showed agreement between the predicted and experimental data with average relative errors of 5.21% and 4.35% for moisture ratio and product temperature, respectively

New Interactive Machine Learning Tool for Marine Image Analysis

We would like to thank the Lofoten Vesterålen Ocean Observatory, and specifically Geir Pedersen,for supplying much of the data used in this study. We would also like to express gratitude to the insightfulcomments made during the review of this manuscript and the efforts of the editorial team during its publication.Peer reviewe

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 16: Soul Lounge, Self-Care, and Stripple Breakfast Burritos: There\u27s Something for Everyone

HUMANS AU\u27s Favorite Classes, Solana Campbell Becoming Multilingual, Gloria Oh Greatest Gazebo Orders, Solana Campbell Interview with VP Nixon, Caryn Cruz ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Currently: Babel, Terika Williams That 90\u27s Love: BSCF Soul Lounge, Skyler Campbell The Therapist, Marcel Mattox NEWS Experience Andrews University\u27s Community Adult Education, Gloria Oh Joyful Resilience: An Art Experience at AU, Solana Campbell Students Share Their African Heritage at Short Course, Andrew Francis IDEAS The Future of Self-Care, Katie Davis The Straw that Breaks the Camel\u27s Back? Beyoncé and the 2023 Grammys, Alexander J. Hess Death Toll Passes 41,000: Turkey and Syria Earthquakes, Abby Shim PULSE A Conversation with an NBA Physician, Reagan McCain Nick Bishop and Honduras, Interviewed by Abraham Bravo LAST WORD Intelligence, Artificial and Otherwise: A Reflection on Extended Cognition, ChatGPT, and Neurodivergence, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1015/thumbnail.jp

Paenidigyamycin A, Potent Antiparasitic Imidazole Alkaloid from the Ghanaian Paenibacillus sp. DE2SH

KK wishes to thank the Centre for African Wetlands (CAW), University of Ghana, for providing seed funding to enable the collection of soil samples for microbe isolation and a TWAS Research Grant Award_17-512 RG/CHE/AF/AC_G. K.K. is also very grateful to the Cambridge-Africa Partnership for Research Excellence (CAPREx), which is funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, for a Postdoctoral Fellowship. K.K. also appreciates the Cambridge-Africa ALBORADA Research Fund for support and MRC African Research Leaders MR/S00520X/1 Award. S.K. wishes to thank the Carnegie BANGA-Africa Project Award for a PhD scholarship.Peer reviewedPublisher PD