Stem Cells of Dental Origin: Current Research Trends and Key Milestones towards Clinical Application

International audienceDental Mesenchymal StemCells (MSCs), includingDental Pulp StemCells (DPSCs), StemCells fromHuman ExfoliatedDeciduous teeth (SHED), and Stem Cells From Apical Papilla (SCAP), have been extensively studied using highly sophisticated in vitro and in vivo systems, yielding substantially improved understanding of their intriguing biological properties. Their capacity to reconstitute various dental and nondental tissues and the inherent angiogenic, neurogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of their secretome have been a subject of meticulous and costly research by various groups over the past decade. Key milestone achievements have exemplified their clinical utility in Regenerative Dentistry, as surrogate therapeutic modules for conventional biomaterial-based approaches, offering regeneration of damaged oral tissues instead of simply ``filling the gaps.'' Thus, the essential next step to validate these immense advances is the implementation of well-designed clinical trials paving the way for exploiting these fascinating research achievements for patient well-being: the ultimate aim of this ground breaking technology. This review paper presents a concise overviewof the major biological properties of the human dental MSCs, critical for the translational pathway ``from bench to clinic.'

The consequence of substrates of large- scale rigidity on actin network tension in adherent cells

International audienceThere is compelling evidence that substrate stiffness affects cell adhesion as well as cytoskeleton organization and contractile activity. This work was designed to study the cytoskeletal contractile activity of cells plated on microposts of different stiffness using a numerical model simulating the intracellular tension of individual cells. We allowed cells to adhere onto micropost substrates of various rigidities and used experimental traction force data to infer cell contractility using a numerical model. The model discriminates between the influence of substrate stiffness on cell tension and shows that higher substrate stiffness leads to an increase in intracellular tension. The strength of this model is its ability to calculate the mechanical state of each cell in accordance to its individual cytoskeletal structure. This is achieved by regenerating a numerical cytoskeleton base

Biodentine Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-induced TRPA1 Expression in Odontoblastlike Cells

International audienceIntroduction: The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have emerged as important cellular sensors in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, with TRPA1 playing a central role in nociception and neurogenic inflammation. The functionality of TRP channels has been shown to be modulated by inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inflammation on odontoblast TRPA1 expression and to determine the effect of Biodentine (Septodent, Paris, France) on inflammatory-induced TRPA1 expression. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to study TRPA1 expression in pulp tissue from healthy and carious human teeth. Pulp cells were differentiated to odontoblastlike cells in the presence of 2 mmol/L beta-glycerophosphate, and these cells were used in quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, calcium imaging, and patch clamp studies. Results: Immunofluorescent staining revealed. TRPA1 expression in odontoblast cell bodies and odontoblast processes, which was more intense in carious versus healthy teeth. TRPA1 gene expression was induced in cultured odontoblastlike cells by tumor necrosis factor alpha, and this expression was significantly reduced in the presence of Biodentine. The functionality of the TRPA1 channel was shown by calcium microfluorimetry and patch clamp recording, and our results showed a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha induced TRPA1 responses after Biodentine treatment. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed TRPA1 to be modulated by caries-induced inflammation and that Biodentine reduced TRPA1 expression and functional responses

"The stem cell fashion": do we need only stem cells for tissue regeneration?

International audienceAs reviewer, reader, and editor, I noticed a significant number of manuscripts published in several dental journals using mixed pulp cell populations but still referring to these as stem cells. The major part of these manuscripts is related to inves-tigating the potential role of these mixed cells in tissue regeneration

Bridging Basic and Translational Research in Pulp Biology - Developing Technologies for Regenerating Vital Dental Tissues

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Biodentine: from biochemical and bioactive properties to clinical applications

International audienceBiodentine is a tricalcium silicate-based material designed as a permanent dentin substitute. It is biocompatible and bioactive material. Its interactions with both hard and soft tissues lead to a marginal sealing preventing marginal leakage and provide protection to the underlying pulp by inducing tertiary dentin synthesis. Unlike other dentin substitutes, Biodentine application does not require any conditioning of the dentin surface and the restoration sealing is provided by micromechanical retention as Biodentine penetrates into the dentin tubules forming tag-like structures. After setting, Biodentine can be cut and reshaped like natural dentin. It can also be bonded with different types of adhesives before finishing the final restoration with composite resin. Published clinical trials, histology of human teeth and clinical cases show that Biodentine has a wide spectrum of clinical applications as a permanent bulk dentin substitute in endodontics, in restorative dentistry, and pediatric dentistry as a possible replacement material of formecresol. This review brings a comprehensive understanding of Biodentine composition, preparation properties and the mechanism of interactions with hard and soft tissues. It explains the scientific mechanisms of the induction of these specific functions and illustrates the scientific basis beyond their clinical successful use. The article provides an overview of Biodentine clinical applications summarizing published clinical trials and reporting published clinical cases with this material in restorative and pediatric dentistry as well as in endodontics. (C) 2016 Societa Italiana di Endodonzia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V

Proceedings of the Pulp Biology and Regeneration Group Symposium 2019: Bridging Basic and Translational Research in Pulp Biology—Developing Technologies for Regenerating Vital Dental Tissues

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Culture de dents (validation d'un modèle pour évaluation des biomatériaux)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Culture de dents (validation d'un modèle pour évaluation des biomatériaux)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF