Etude dela proliferation des lymphocytes du rat Wistar par analyse d'images au SAMBA 200 : ontogenese du thymus et action de trois hormones sur la proliferation chez le rat de 21 jours, le 17#beta#-oestradiol, la prolactine et l'insuline

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Impact des nitrates inorganiques sur l'aspect morphofonctionnel du rein chez le rat

Objectif : L'impact des nitrates exogènes sur certains paramètres biologiques en relation avec l'insuffisance rénale a fait l'objet de cette étude expérimentale. Résultats : Le traitement chronique de 5 mois par des concentrations variables de nitrates : 50, 100, 150 et 500 mg/L induit, chez nos rats, une réduction dose-dépendante des teneurs plasmatiques en protéines totales et, au contraire, des augmentations dose-dépendantes des concentrations plasmatiques en urée et créatinine. Discussion : L'étude histologique du rein montre que les nitrates 150 et 500 mg/L altèrent les épithéliums des tubules rénaux. Conclusion : En conclusion, les nitrates à fortes doses induisent des perturbations morphofonctionnelles des reins et pourraient donc être considérés comme facteurs inducteurs de l'insuffisance rénale

Risk factors and poor prognostic factors of preeclampsia in Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca: about 401 preeclamptic cases

Preeclampsia is a gestational pathology that complicates 2 to 8% of pregnancies and is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity andmortality worldwide. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological profile of preeclampsia in Casablanca and to identify risk factors as wellas factors of poor maternal and fetal prognosis. 401 preeclamptic cases were collected in the gynecology-obstetrics "C" Service of Lalla MeryemMaternity of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca (2010-2011) were included in this study and a statistical analysis with the SPSS softwareversion (16.0) was performed. We used the Chi-2 test to analyze qualitative variables and Student's test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) forquantitative variables. The incidence of preeclampsia was (7.1%). The epidemiological profile was that of a primipara (57.6%), average age 30 yearsand (66.8%) of pregnancies were not followed. Multiparity was a factor of poor maternal prognosis (p = 0.007). The low gestational age and noprenatal care were factors of maternal as well as fetal prognosis. Risk factors frequently found in our patients were obesity (15.21%) and chronichypertension (5.73%) as vascular-renal history; abortion (16.46%) and perinatal death (5.24%) as obstetric history. Preeclampsia is a commonobstetric pathology in our context. Better prenatal care and early diagnosis could reduce its incidence

The Multiple Roles of EG-VEGF/PROK1 in Normal and Pathological Placental Angiogenesis

Placentation is associated with several steps of vascular adaptations throughout pregnancy. These vascular changes occur both on the maternal and fetal sides, consisting of maternal uterine spiral arteries remodeling and placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively. Placental angiogenesis is a pivotal process for efficient fetomaternal exchanges and placental development. This process is finely controlled throughout pregnancy, and it involves ubiquitous and pregnancy-specific angiogenic factors. In the last decade, endocrine gland derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF), also called prokineticin 1 (PROK1), has emerged as specific placental angiogenic factor that controls many aspects of normal and pathological placental angiogenesis such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preeclampsia (PE). This review recapitulates EG-VEGF mediated-angiogenesis within the placenta and at the fetomaternal interface and proposes that its deregulation might contribute to the pathogenesis of several placental diseases including FGR and PE. More importantly this paper argues for EG-VEGF clinical relevance as a potential biomarker of the onset of pregnancy pathologies and discusses its potential usefulness for future therapeutic directions

Risk factors and poor prognostic factors of preeclampsia in Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca: about 401 preeclamptic cases

International audiencePreeclampsia is a gestational pathology that complicates 2 to 8% of pregnancies and is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological profile of preeclampsia in Casablanca and to identify risk factors as well as factors of poor maternal and fetal prognosis. 401 preeclamptic cases were collected in the gynecology-obstetrics "C" Service of Lalla Meryem Maternity of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca (2010-2011) were included in this study and a statistical analysis with the SPSS software version (16.0) was performed. We used the Chi-2 test to analyze qualitative variables and Student's test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) for quantitative variables. The incidence of preeclampsia was (7.1%). The epidemiological profile was that of a primipara (57.6%), average age 30 years and (66.8%) of pregnancies were not followed. Multiparity was a factor of poor maternal prognosis (p = 0.007). The low gestational age and no prenatal care were factors of maternal as well as fetal prognosis. Risk factors frequently found in our patients were obesity (15.21%) and chronic hypertension (5.73%) as vascular-renal history; abortion (16.46%) and perinatal death (5.24%) as obstetric history. Preeclampsia is a common obstetric pathology in our context. Better prenatal care and early diagnosis could reduce its incidence

Effets des nitrates inorganiques sur l'aspect morphofonctionnel de la glande thyroïde chez le rat femelle

La présente étude a pour objectif de déterminer, chez des rats femelles, les effets des nitrates inorganiques administrés dans l'eau de boisson sur la fonction et la morphologie de la glande thyroïde. Durant les 5 mois de traitement, les nitrates aux doses de 50, 150 et 500 mg/L induisent, par rapport aux rats témoins, une diminution dose-dépendante du gain de poids corporel. Au terme de l'expérimentation, les nitrates 150 et 500 mg/L entraînent une hypertrophie de la glande thyroïde accompagnée d'une augmentation de la taille des follicules thyroïdiens et d'une hyposécrétion des hormones thyroïdiennes T3 (triiodothyronine) et T4 (tétraiodothyronine). Cet ensemble de données expérimentales est en faveur d'un effet goitrogène des nitrates

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endocrine gland-VEGF (EG-VEGF) are down regulated in head and neck cancer

International audienceObjective To characterise the role of VEGF, EG-VEGF and its receptors in the development and progression of HNC. Design Human serum and tissues samples were collected from healthy, epulis and HNC patients and used for ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry studies, respectively. Setting Ibn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca (Morocco), INSERM and University of Grenoble Alpes (France). Participants We used serum from 64 patients with head and neck cancers and from 71 controls without general pathology. Tissues samples were collected from seven patients with OSCC and from seven patients with Epulis. Main outcome measures We compared circulating VEGF and EG-VEGF in normal and HNC patients and determined the expression, localisation and quantification of VEGF, EG-VEGF and its receptors; PROKR1 and PROKR2 as well as Ki67, CD31 and CD34 in OSCC and Epulis patients. Results Both EG-VEGF and VEGF circulating levels were significantly decreased in the HNC (P < .01). OSCC patients expressed less EG-VEGF and VEGF proteins, higher PROKR1 and PROKR2 with no change in CD31 and CD34 levels. A significant increase in Ki67 was observed in OSCC. Conclusions We demonstrated that circulating VEGF and EG-VEGF are downregulated in HNC patients and in OSCC tissue. EG-VEGF receptors were increased in OSCC, along with a stabilisation of two key markers of angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest that downregulation of angiogenesis in HNC might explain its moderate metastatic feature

Prokineticins in central and peripheral control of human reproduction.

International audienceProkineticin 1 (PROK1) and (PROK2), are two closely related proteins that were identified as the mammalian homologs of their two amphibian homologs, mamba intestinal toxin (MIT-1) and Bv8. PROKs activate two G-protein linked receptors (prokineticin receptor 1 and 2, PROKR1 and PROKR2). Both PROK1 and PROK2 have been found to regulate a stunning array of biological functions. In particular, PROKs stimulate gastrointestinal motility, thus accounting for their family name "prokineticins". PROK1 acts as a potent angiogenic mitogen, thus earning its other name, endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial factor. In contrast, PROK2 signaling pathway has been shown to be a critical regulator of olfactory bulb morphogenesis and sexual maturation. During the last decade, strong evidences established the key roles of prokineticins in the control of human central and peripheral reproductive processes. PROKs act as main regulators of the physiological functions of the ovary, uterus, placenta, and testis, with marked dysfunctions in various pathological conditions such as recurrent pregnancy loss, and preeclampsia. PROKs have also been associated to the tumor development of some of these organs. In the central system, prokineticins control the migration of GnRH neurons, a key process that controls reproductive functions. Importantly, mutations in PROK2 and PROKR2 are associated to the development of Kallmann syndrome, with direct consequences on the reproductive system. This review describes the finely tuned actions of prokineticins in the control of the central and peripheral reproductive processes. Also, it discusses future research directions for the use of these cytokines as diagnostic markers for several reproductive diseases