Optimization of multiple resources for multi-projects

Optimization of resources is very important in all construction projects. Project managers have to face problems regarding management of cost, time and available resources for single projects. This is more challenging when managing multiple projects. Most of the recent studies focused on optimization of resources for a single project, or a single resource. This thesis presents a numerical model of multiple resources optimization for multiple projects using Genetic Algorithm. Most of the companies in the construction industry optimize the resources for single projects only. However, with the presence of several mega projects in several developing countries running at the same time, there is a need for a model to enhance the efficiency of available resources, and decreases the fluctuation as much as possible and try to maximize the use of the available pool of resources. The proposed model is user friendly, and it can optimize up to nine resources in three different projects running at the same time. The model is used on the identified critical resources. It calculates the cost of each resource, minimize the cost of extra resources as much as possible and generate the schedule of each project within a selected overall program. The model was verified by different scenarios; 1- optimization of multiple resources of a single project; 2- optimization of single resource of multiple projects; 3- optimization of multiple resources of two projects; 4- optimization of multiple resources of three projects meeting deadlines; 5- optimization of multiple resources of three projects but extending the deadlines. The model was able to decrease the extra cost of resources significantly in all scenarios. To validate the model a case study of several residential villas was chosen to test the model on real projects and the extra cost of resources was reduced significantly without extending the projects time

The Development of Legal Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Islamic Shariah is the foundation of the laws of the state. While the modern Saudi legal system encompasses both written and unwritten laws, Shariah is still considered supreme and hence directs most of the state’s regulations. Nevertheless, currently, those who aim to practice law need to acquire a foundation of all prevailing laws. Due to the supremacy of Shariah, most universities still do not offer comprehensive degree plans, which often poses limitations to the development of legal education in the Kingdom. This study aims to address this conundrum by examining the various degree plans in Saudi universities, scrutinizing whether they offer comprehensive degrees, which should encompass both Shariah laws yet also the newly codified rules. This research draws upon secondary sources, which analyze the progress of the legal education in KSA and its effects on future legal practitioners. Results suggest that the legal curricular should be redesigned to improve the capabilities of prospective legal professionals by integrating the non-codified rules of law with the Islamic law in a more practical, realistic and efficient manner.  Keywords: Legal education, Shariah, Saudi Arabia

An analytical Study of Family Ownership According to Law No. (9) of 2020 Regulating Family Ownership in the Emirate of Dubai

In this research, we discussed the Family ownership, which is a type of common property that regulates the rights of the same family members who work together. This family ownership aims to save the money by figuring out the perfect way to invest it. Furthermore, we explained the family ownership contract and the rules that regulate it. We also addressed how to transfer the common ownership, and how to manage the family ownership. We have concluded that, there is a difference in the “family concept” between the “Family Planning Law” in the Emirate of Dubai and that stated in the “UAE Civil Transactions Law”. Moreover, we found that the local legislator of the Emirate of Dubai has put restrict rules that should be followed in making modifications to any family ownership contract, conversely, the federal legislator of the United Arab Emirates has not. Therefore, we recommended Therefore, we recommended that the UAE federal legislator reconsider the legislative regulation on family ownership contained in the Civil Transactions Law, and we also recommended the local legislator of the Emirate of Dubai to reconsider the definition of the family contained in Article 1 of the Family Property Regulation Law, and to set controls for urgent cases that enable During it, one of the partners was authorized to resign by decision without achieving consensus

An analytical Study of Family Ownership According to Law No. (9) of 2020 Regulating Family Ownership in the Emirate of Dubai

common property that regulates the rights of the same family members who work together. This family ownership aims to save the money by figuring out the perfect way to invest it. Furthermore, we explained the family ownership contract and the rules that regulate it. We also addressed how to transfer the common ownership, and how to manage the family ownership. We have concluded that, there is a difference in the “family concept” between the “Family Planning Law” in the Emirate of Dubai and that stated in the “UAE Civil Transactions Law”. Moreover, we found that the local legislator of the Emirate of Dubai has put restrict rules that should be followed in making modifications to any family ownership contract, conversely, the federal legislator of the United Arab Emirates has not. Therefore, we recommended Therefore, we recommended that the UAE federal legislator reconsider the legislative regulation on family ownership contained in the Civil Transactions Law, and we also recommended the local legislator of the Emirate of Dubai to reconsider the definition of the family contained in Article 1 of the Family Property Regulation Law, and to set controls for urgent cases that enable During it, one of the partners was authorized to resign by decision without achieving consensus

Securing Rights to movable Assets in light of Federal Law No. (4) of 2020

In this research, we investigated the guarantee rights of movable properties, in terms of explaining the nature of these rights which are regulated by the UAE legislator “Law No. 4, 2020”, and determining the funds that can be included in such guarantee system. Furthermore, we studied the method that could be implemented to ensure the rights of all included parties. Therefore, we recommended that it is necessary to stipulate the possibility of separating the movable from the real estate without causing damage to either of them, so that the real estate can be fixed by privatization to be a guarantee, and that the UAE legislator sets controls for the meaning of control over the guarantee by the guaranteed person as a way to enforce the right of guarantee against third parties. We concluded that, we recommended issuing regulations that force the guarantor to get insurance against loss or damage which would be an additional mean to ensure his rights in cases of warranty loss

Securing Rights to movable Assets in light of Federal Law No. (4) of 2020

In this research, we investigated the guarantee rights of movable properties, in terms of explaining the nature of these rights which are regulated by the UAE legislator “Law No. 4, 2020”, and determining the funds that can be included in such guarantee system. Furthermore, we studied the method that could be implemented to ensure the rights of all included parties. Therefore, we recommended that it is necessary to stipulate the possibility of separating the movable from the real estate without causing damage to either of them, so that the real estate can be fixed by privatization to be a guarantee, and that the UAE legislator sets controls for the meaning of control over the guarantee by the guaranteed person as a way to enforce the right of guarantee against third parties. We concluded that, we recommended issuing regulations that force the guarantor to get insurance against loss or damage which would be an additional mean to ensure his rights in cases of warranty loss

Physico-chemical Characteristics Of Ethanol–diesel Blend Fuel

In this research we are discussing the physicochemical characteristics of sweet diesel after desulphurization alone and also these characteristics are tested with the adding of high purity HPLC ethanol (99.9%). Those fuel properties of ethanol blended with diesel were experimentally determined to find their stability and to increase their properties and efficiency in the diesel engines. First, we made 4 blends of diesel with ethanol and the fifth sample was pure diesel. The samples were 0% ethanol and 100 % diesel, the second sample was 5% ethanol and 95 % diesel, the third sample was 10 % ethanol and 90% diesel, the fourth sample was 15 % ethanol and 85 % diesel and the fifth and last sample was 20 % ethanol and 80 % diesel. The physicochemical characteristics of the diesel ethanol blends were determined by the following experiments (cetane number, ASTM distillation, flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, ASTM density and calorific value). the aim of this research is to obtain an optimum blend of diesel ethanol fuel to help in improving the diesel engines and to lower the emission in the engine and the exhaust gases produced in the engines. This blend we obtained in this research was done to meet the EURO 5 standards and regulations, also to help to make an economic improvement in the industry of diesel in Egypt and in the world. The diesel ethanol blend was to be an effective fuel as we will see in the different tests and ASTM methods. Many tests and experiments done during this research project and the obtained results were similar to the EURO 5 standard emissions regulation

High Octane Number Gasoline-ether Blend

Gasoline produced in Egypt is a low-grade gasoline that contains high concentration of harmful components that are having a toll on our environment. In addition, those pollutants cause countless diseases and deaths annually to the Egyptian population. This paper targets two main sectors in the production of commercial gasoline. The improvement engine efficiency through the upgrading of octane number is first experimented by using a blend stock that ranges from gasoline fractions and Isomerates. An optimum was then chosen depending on the results obtained from different tests. Through those experiments, it was determined which samples obeyed the EU regulation for transportation emissions. Having an excellent gasoline with a high-octane number but produced large quantities of harmful emissions was unacceptable. This leads to the section aim of this research, which was to produce an environmental gasoline. This meant that once the gasoline sample is combusted, it should produce limited amounts of emissions such as 1% benzene since benzene is carcinogenic. A sample with euro 3 specification was produced and showed excellent gasoline properties such as an RON value of around 95 without the use of octane enhancers. A second sample showed better results satisfied euro 5 regulations and produced an even higher-octane number than the euro 3 sample. This sample was the optimum environmental ETBE-gasoline high octane number blend. By understanding the composition of those samples, maximum yield of commercial gasoline could be produced. This would also lead to the reduction of pollutants in the environment. Completing this task with successful results means that this environmental high octane number gasoline could be produced and used in Egypt. Such blends should be produced on a large scale by exercising euro 3 and/or 5 regulations

Hormetic UV-C seed treatments for the control of tomato diseases

© 2019 British Society for Plant Pathology Hormesis is a dose response phenomenon in which low, non-damaging doses of a stressor bring about a positive response in the organism undergoing treatment. Evidence is provided here that hormetic UV-C treatments of tomato seed can control disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Treating seeds with a 4kJm−2 dose of UV-C significantly reduced both the disease incidence and progression of B.cinerea, with approximately 10% reductions in both on cv. Shirley. Disease severity assays for FOL and FORL on cv. Moneymaker showed dose-dependent responses: UV-C treatments of 4 and 6kJm−2 significantly reduced the disease severity scores of FOL, whilst only the 6kJm−2 showed significant reductions for FORL. To determine the effects of treatment on germination and seedling growth, UV-C doses of 4, 8 and 12kJm−2 were performed on cv. Shirley. No negative impacts on germination or seedling growth were observed for any of the treatments. However, the 8kJm−2 treatment showed significant biostimulation, with increases in seedling, root and hypocotyl dry weight of 11.4%, 23.1% and 12.0%, respectively, when compared to the control. Furthermore, significant increases in the root-mass fraction (10.6%) and root:shoot ratio (13.1%) along with a decrease in shoot-mass fraction (2.0%) indicates that the 8kJm−2 treatment stimulated root growth to the greatest extent. There was no effect on hypocotyl and primary root length or the number of lateral roots, indicating no adverse effects to basic root architecture or seedling growth