Minocycline through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response reduces the neuropathic pain in a rat model of chronic constriction injury

Objectives: Several lines of evidence showed that minocycline possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of minocycline in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI). Materials and Methods: In this study four groups (n = 6-8) of rats were used as follows: Sham, CCI, CCI + minocycline (MIN) 10 mg/Kg (IP) and CCI + MIN 30 mg/Kg (IP). On days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery hot-plate, acetone, and von Frey tests were carried out. Finally, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Evaluation (MNCV) assessment was performed and spinal cords were harvested in order to measure tissue concentrations of TNF_α, IL-1β, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Extent of perineural inflammation and damage around the sciatic nerve was histopathologically evaluated. Results: Our results demonstrated that CCI significantly caused hyperalgesia and allodynia twenty-one days after CCI. MIN attenuated heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia and MNCV in animals. MIN also decreased the levels of TNF_α and IL-1β. Antioxidative enzymes (SOD, MDA, and GPx) were restored following MIN treatment. Our findings showed that MIN decreased perineural inflammation around the sciatic nerve. According to the results, the neuropathic pain reduced in the CCI hyperalgesia model using 30 mg/kg of minocycline. Conclusion: It is suggested that antinociceptive effects of minocycline might be mediated through the inhibition of inflammatory response and attenuation of oxidative stress

Metformin and its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; new concepts

Metformin is one of the oldest and commonly used blood sugar lowering drugs, having limited side effects and used as the first line treatment in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Moreover, various studies have emphasized on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of metformin, with multiple mechanisms, which activation of AMPK by metformin has had a key role in many of them. During the searches on the internet websites of PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, 76 papers related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of metformin were selected and reviewed since 2003 to 2017. At the cellular level, metformin suppresses the inflammation in many cases and reduces or eliminates inflammatory factors mainly through dependent mechanisms and sometimes independent of AMPK at the cellular level and through other ways at the systematic levels. It is also effective in reducing the level of oxidative stress factors by regulating the antioxidant system of the cell. All evidence suggests the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of metformin in various conditions. Metformin can be an appropriate treatment option for many diseases, which inflammatory processes and oxidative stress play a role in their pathogenesis

Metformin and its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; new concepts

Metformin is one of the oldest and commonly used blood sugar lowering drugs, having limited side effects and used as the first line treatment in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Moreover, various studies have emphasized on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of metformin, with multiple mechanisms, which activation of AMPK by metformin has had a key role in many of them. During the searches on the internet websites of PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, 76 papers related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of metformin were selected and reviewed since 2003 to 2017. At the cellular level, metformin suppresses the inflammation in many cases and reduces or eliminates inflammatory factors mainly through dependent mechanisms and sometimes independent of AMPK at the cellular level and through other ways at the systematic levels. It is also effective in reducing the level of oxidative stress factors by regulating the antioxidant system of the cell. All evidence suggests the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of metformin in various conditions. Metformin can be an appropriate treatment option for many diseases, which inflammatory processes and oxidative stress play a role in their pathogenesis. Keywords Author Keywords:Metformin; Oxidative stress; Inflammation; AMPK KeyWords Plus:ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; INDUCED PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; T-HELPER 17; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; FIBROBLAST MIGRATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANC

The antinociceptive effects of rosuvastatin in chronic constriction injury model of male rats

Introduction: According to studies, statins possess analgesics and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of rosuvastatin in an experimental model of Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI). Methods: Our study was conducted on four groups; sham, CCI (the control group), CCI+rosuvastatin (i.p. 5 mg/kg), and CCI+rosuvastatin (i.p. 10 mg/kg). We performed heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia tests on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st after inducing CCI. Blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, and Interleukin (IL)-6. Rats' spinal cords were also examined to measure tissue concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) enzymes. Results: Our findings showed that CCI resulted in significant increase in heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia on the 7th, 14th and 21st day. Rosuvastatin use attenuated the CCI-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia. Rosuvastatin use also resulted in reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels. However, rosuvastatin therapy increased the concentration of SOD and GPx in the CCI+Ros (5 mg/kg) and the CCI+Ros (10 mg/kg) groups compared to the CCI group. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin attenuated the CCI-induced neuropathic pain and inflammation. Thus, antinociceptive effects of rosuvastatin might be channeled through inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant properties

Isolated Congenital Absence of Right Lower Lateral Cartilage and Reconstruction with Septal Cartilage: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Congenital anomalies of the nose are rare but may be associated with syndromes affecting craniofacial structures. Herein, we report a case of a congenital absence of lower lateral cartilage seen during an open rhinoplasty in a 23-yr-old lady with no underlying health conditions. Medical and surgical history were unremarkable and there were no evidences conducted of any previous traumatic facial injuries. During physical examination, a significant nostril asymmetry was noted to be present. In addition, cotton test showed no evidence of obstruction. The absence of lower lateral cartilage on the right side was noted during the degloving stage of the open rhinoplasty. Absence of lower lateral cartilage poses a technical challenge in surgery and in order to reconstruct this structure, cartilage can be harvested from concha, lower lateral cartilage, septum and cartilaginous dorsal hump during an open approach rhinoplasty

Effects of 3, 4-Dihydroxyflavone on Cryopreserved Testicular Tissue of Neonatal Mouse

Background and Aim: Infertility is a side effect of cancer treatment because of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue or spermatogonial stem cells before cancer treatment and their transplantation may preserve the natural fertility. Cryopreservation is a damaging process due to free radicals and toxic effect of frozen solution. The purpose of this paper is to study the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone on the structure of frozen-thawed testicular tissue of neonatal mouse. Materials and Methods: Testes of 6-day-old NMRI mice (N = 20) were isolated. Testicles were randomly divided into four groups: two groups as control groups for quick and slow freezing-melting process, and two others as treatment groups that underwent quick and slow freezing-melting with addition of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (10µM) in frozen solution. For the assessment of structural changes and apoptosis in the frozen-thawed testes, the hematoxylin-eosin staining and tunnel pod kits were used respectively. In order to analyze the data, we used Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test. The statistical analysis was entirely done by SPSS software. Results: Histopathological changes and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased after thawing in both treatment groups in comparison with control groups. Conclusion: Adding 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (10µM) to freezing-melting environment and the use of quick freezing-melting method can reduce the histopathological and apoptotic changes

The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among ultrasound specialists and identifying their work-related risk factors

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most important and common occupational injuries leading to disability of employees. An increasing trend of musculoskeletal disorders among sonographer specialists has been reported in the literature. This study, therefore, set out with the aim of assessing the musculoskeletal disorders among sonographer specialists working in centers covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: In this cross-sectional study all sonographer specialists of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (totally 53 specialists) were selected on census method. Customized questionnaires based on Standardized Nordic Questionnaire were used to assess musculoskeletal disorders in this community. SPSS software was exploited to data analysis. All participants were informed in terms of the study objectives and ethical issues such as confidentiality of study community were all considered.Results: The prevalence of WMSDs in current study was 86%. Pain and discomfort was more often reported in neck, shoulder and wrist, respectively. Sustained probe usage, types of patient table and chair as well as sustained shoulder abduction were the most risk factors that perceived by ultrasound specialists. Ergonomic evaluations showed that changes should be made soon. Age, experience, scanning hours per week and break duration provided the largest set of significant clusters of pain in body sections (p<0.05).Conclusions: Since scanning is considered as the major task of sonographers, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was high among participants in the present study. Ergonomics evaluations and interventions of sonographer’s workplace to allow them to remain productive are necessary.Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, Ergonomics, Work-related risk factors, Ultrasound specialist

بررسی شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی و شناسایی عوامل ایجاد کننده آن ها در متخصصان سونوگرافی

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most important and common occupational injuries leading to disability of employees. An increasing trend of musculoskeletal disorders among sonographer specialists has been reported in the literature. This study, therefore, set out with the aim of assessing the musculoskeletal disorders among sonographer specialists working in centers covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: In this cross-sectional study all sonographer specialists of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (totally 53 specialists) were selected on census method. Customized questionnaires based on Standardized Nordic Questionnaire were used to assess musculoskeletal disorders in this community. SPSS software was exploited to data analysis. All participants were informed in terms of the study objectives and ethical issues such as confidentiality of study community were all considered.Results: The prevalence of WMSDs in current study was 86%. Pain and discomfort was more often reported in neck, shoulder and wrist, respectively. Sustained probe usage, types of patient table and chair as well as sustained shoulder abduction were the most risk factors that perceived by ultrasound specialists. Ergonomic evaluations showed that changes should be made soon. Age, experience, scanning hours per week and break duration provided the largest set of significant clusters of pain in body sections (p<0.05).Conclusions: Since scanning is considered as the major task of sonographers, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was high among participants in the present study. Ergonomics evaluations and interventions of sonographer’s workplace to allow them to remain productive are necessary.زمينه و هدف: اختلالات اسکلتي عضلاني از مهمترين و شايعترين آسيب‌هاي شغلي مي‌باشند که منجر به ناتواني کارکنان مي‌شوند. مطالعات گذشته نشان داده‌اند که اختلالات اسکلتي‌عضلاني در ميان متخصصان سونوگرافي رو به افزايش است. هدف اين تحقيق بررسي شيوع اين اختلالات و عوامل ايجاد کننده آنها در متخصصان سونوگرافي دانشگاه علوم پزشکي تهران بوده است. مواد و روش‌ها: در اين مطالعه مقطعي همه متخصصان سونوگرافي دانشگاه علوم پزشکي تهران (53 نفر) براساس روش سرشماري انتخاب  شدند. به منظور بررسي اختلالات اسکلتي‌عضلاني و عوامل ايجاد کننده آنها از پرسشنامه نورديک و روش ارزيابي پوسچرRULA استفاده شد.تمامي شرکت کنندگان در خصوص هدف و چگونگي انجام طرح و محرمانه بودن اطلاعات توجيه شدند. يافته‌ها:شيوع اختلالات اسکلتي‌عضلاني در اين مطالعه 86 درصدبدست آمد. درد و ناراحتي در نواحي گردن، شانه، و مچ دست به ترتيب داراي بيشترين فراواني بودند. استفاده مداوم از پروب، نوع تخت بيمار، نوع صندلي و ابداکشن مستمر شانه بعنوان مهم‌ترين عوامل آسيب‌رسان توسط متخصصان سونوگرافي گزارش شدند. ارزيابي ارگونومي با روش RULA نشان داد که در اسکن نواحي شکمي و عروقي چپ،ايجاد تغييرات و مداخله ارگونومي ضروري مي‌باشد. بعلاوه، رابطه معناداري از لحاظ آماري بين سن، سابقه کار، ساعات اسکن کردن در هفته و مدت زمان استراحت‌ با درد در نواحي مختلف بدن ديده شد (p-value<0/05). نتيجه‌گيري: شيوع اختلالات اسکلتي‌عضلاني در متخصصان سونوگرافي به دليل اين که عمده وظايف اين شغل مربوط به اسکن کردن مي‌باشد، بالا است. ارزيابي ارگونومي با روش‌هاي دقيق‌تر و همچنين مداخلات ارگونومي در محيط کار متخصصان سونوگرافي به منظور حفظ بهره وري در شغل آن‌ها نياز است. &nbsp

Encapsulation of Satureja khuzistanica extract in alginate hydrogel accelerate wound healing in adult male rats

Abstract Background Finding the best dressing for a specific wound had continued from the past to present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated extract of Satureja khuzistanica in hydrogel alginate at wound healing. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats with a puncture wound in the back of the neck skin were divided randomly into four groups including a control group, Satureja khuzistanica-treated group, hydrogel alginate-treated group, and Satureja khuzistanica encapsulated in hydrogel alginate-treated group. Rats were treated for 22 days. The skin samples were taken on 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 22nd days after treatment for light microscopy. Results were analyzed in accordance with Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (for histopathology analysis) by using SPSS v.22 software. Results Macroscopically evaluations and measurement of wound size showed increased wound healing process in the treated groups. The complete improvement was created on the 14th day. The wound site was not observed on the 22nd day. But the wound site was observed on the 22nd day in the control group. Also, comparison of the percentage of wound healing between the treated and control groups on 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 22nd days showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Comparison of the H&E stained sections in the studied groups showed that treated groups were effective on wound healing in comparison with the control group. Conclusions Encapsulated extract of Satureja khuzistanica in hydrogel alginate may accelerate wound improvement and increase the rate of wound healing without scar formation