The concept and perception of peace education in Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan: A comparative case study

In the geographically remote culture and context of Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan, this study explores the perceptions and practices of peace education by two secondary school head teachers (one in a relatively urban area and another in a rural area), as well as three additional teachers from each school. A qualitative, interview-based research approach is employed. The concept of peace education is related by the interviewed teachers to the inculcation and development of positive thinking and positive attitude among students. This positivity is seen as instrumental for the holistic development of the children, and ultimately, for the cultivation of a peaceful society

Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study for the Maghreb Countries

It has long been recognized in academic and policy debates that domestic policies play an important role in explaining economic growth. The paper investigates the role of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment on long-run growth in three countries of the Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) over the period 1980-2008. We fi rst estimate equilibrium RER relying on the Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rate (FEER) approach, from which misalignment is derived. Second, we estimate a dynamic panel growth model in which among the traditional determinants of growth, our measure of misalignment is included. The results indicate that the coeffi cient for RER misalignment is negative, which means that a more depreciated (appreciated) RER helps (harms) long-run growth. As a consequence, an appropriate exchange rate policy would close the gap between RER and its equilibrium level

Associations Between Physical Activity and Obesity in a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Adolescent Girls

Purpose: The increasing prevalence of obesity and low participation in physical activity among young racial/ethnic minorities constitute serious public health issues. Research has shown that overweight and obese individuals have increased risks for the following conditions: coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon), hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, osteoarthritis (a degeneration of cartilage and its underlying bone within a joint), and gynecological problems (abnormal menses, infertility). Because chronic diseases disproportionately impact ethnic and racial minorities, this study examined the association between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in a multi-ethnic group of adolescent girls. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 188 adolescent girls ages 14-17 years, BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Energy expenditure of activity was measured using a 24-hour recall self-administered activity checklist (SAPAC). Results: Analysis of variance showed a significant inverse association between BMI and vigorous physical activity (p = 0.02), no significant associations with light (p 0.84), and moderate (p = 0.68) physical activity. There was an 11% difference between obese and normal weight, and 4% difference between overweight and normal weight groups in weighted vigorous physical activity participation. Ethnic differences indicated that non-Hispanic white girls participated more in vigorous physical activity than both Mexican American and African American girls. Conclusion: Physical activity programs should focus on promoting moderate to vigorous activities among adolescent girls taking into consideration sociocultural and economic factors that appear to influence levels and types of activity in this population. In addition, supportive social networks consistent with physical activity contexts of this age group should be promoted

APLIKASI TANAH DIATOMAE TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN MORTAR 1:4

ABSTRAKSalah satu bahan utama untuk campuran mortar adalah semen. Harga semen biasanya cukup mahal untuk dijangkau oleh masyarakat. Sehingga perlu dicari alternatif baru dengan menggunakan bahan alami untuk menggantikan semen. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini digunakan tanah diatomae sebagai substitusi sebagian semen karena tanah diatomae memiliki sifat pozzolan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tanah diatomae terhadap kuat tekan mortar dengan perbandingan 1 semen : 4 pasir. Tanah diatomae yang diaplikasikan adalah tanah diatomae yang berlokasi di Desa Lampanah, Kecamatan Seulimuem, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Tanah diatomae yang digunakan adalah tanah diatomae yang sudah mengalami proses kalsinasi terlebih dahulu dan lolos saringan No.200. Banyaknya tanah diatomae sebagai substitusi semen adalah 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40% dari volume semen. Semen yang digunakan ada dua tipe, yaitu semen tipe I atau Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) dan Portland Composite Cement (PCC). Benda uji mortar berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran sisi 5 cm sebanyak 200 buah untuk uji kuat tekan dan 50 buah untuk uji absorbsi. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 1, 3, 7 dan 28 hari, sedangkan pengujian absorbsi dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa semakin banyak persentase tanah diatomae maka semakin besar nilai absorbsi yang dihasilkan sehingga kuat tekannya cenderung menurun. Pada penggunaan jenis semen OPC semua yang diuji termasuk mortar tipe M, mortar kelas tertinggi. Sedangkan pada penggunaan jenis semen PCC hanya mortar variasi 0%-30% tanah diatomae yang dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam tipe mortar M, sedangkan mortar dengan variasi 40% dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam tipe mortar S, yaitu mortar kelas ke dua. Dengan demikian tanah diatomae yang terdapat di Desa Lampanah, Kecamatan Seulimum Kabupaten Aceh Besar bisa digunakan sebagai salah satu material alternatif natural SCM (Suplementary Cementing Materials) pengganti semen.Kata Kunci : Mortar, tanah diatomae, substitusi semen, kalsinasi, kuat tekan, absorbs

Computer users at risk: Health disorders associated with prolonged computer use

By keeping in view the ISO standards which emphasize the assessment of use of a product, this research aims to assess the prolonged use of computers and their effects on human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between extent of computer use (per day) and carpal tunnel syndrome, computer stress syndrome, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal problems. The second objective was to investigate the extent of simultaneous occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders among computer users. The sample in this exploratory study consisted of 120 employees and students. Self administered questionnaire was used as an instrument in this field survey study. The findings confirmed that computer related health disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders occur simultaneously among prolonged computer users such as employees and students. The simultaneous occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders is more among employees than students and those who are both employees and students. Employees who use computer daily for more than four hours are more likely subjected to the risks of all these four health disorders. The study concludes that by observing some rules of using computer, minimizing and treating of these disorders are possibleKeywords: Computer, Prolonged use, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Computer Vision Syndrome, Health Disorders, Employees, Students.

HUBUNGAN FREKUENSI PEMAKAIAN PEMBALUT SAAT MENSTRUASI DENGAN KEJADIAN KEPUTIHAN (FLOUR ALBUS) PADA MAHASISWI SEMESTER II PRODI S1 KEPERAWATAN STIKES YAYASAN R.S ISLAM SURABAYA)

Tidak seringnya mengganti pembalut saat menstruasi, mempengaruhi kelembapan vagina yang dapat memicu timbulnya bakteri dan jamur penyebab keputihan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan frekuensi pemakaian pembalut saat menstruasi dengan kejadian keputihan pada mahasiswi semester II Prodi S1 Keperawatan STIKES YARSIS. Jenis penelitian analitik, desain cross sectional, populasi semua mahasiswi semester II Prodi S1 Keperawatan STIKES YARSIS sebanyak 93 orang, sampel sebesar 76 responden, teknik simple random sampling. Variabel independen frekuensi pemakaian pembalut saat menstruasi, variabel dependen kejadian keputihan. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner. Analisis uji statistik chi-square, tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 76 responden, didapatkan sebagian besar mahasiswi (67,1%) memiliki frekuensi pemakaian pembalut sat menstruasi dalam kategori tidak sering, dan sebagian besar mahasiswi (53,95%) mengalami keputihan. Hasil uji statistik chi-square didapat χ2hitung > χ2tabel, maka H0 ditolak berarti ada hubungan frekuensi pemakaian pembalut saat menstruasi dengan kejadian keputihan pada mahasiswi semester II Prodi S1 Keperawatan STIKES YARSIS. Semakin sering mengganti pembalut saat menstruasi maka akan menurunkan kejadian keputihan, disarankan bagi wanita untuk sering mengganti pembalut saat menstruasi sehingga dapat mencegah keputihan