6-(4-Aminophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone - An important chemical moiety for development of cardioactive agents: A review

6-(4-Aminophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone moiety is a vital structural part of many cardio-active pyridazinone derivatives which are either in clinical use or have been tested in clinical trials. These include imazodan, CI-930, pimobendan, indolidan, levosimendan, SK&F-93741, Y-590, meribendan, NSP-804, NSP-805, bemoradan, senazodan, amipizone, prinoxodan, SKF 95654, siguazodan and KF 15232. This article briefly reviews relevant literature on various reports on the synthesis and use of thismoiety for development of cardio-active agents.Keywords: 6-(4-Aminophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone, Cardio-active agents, Imazodan, Pimobendan, Indolidan, Levosimenda

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 2- Piperidinomethylamino-4-(7-H/substituted coumarin-3-yl)- 6-chlorosubstitutedphenyl pyrimidines

Purpose: To prepare and evaluate some 2-piperidinomethylamino-4-(7-H/substitutedcoumarin-3-yl)-6- chlorosubstitutedphenyl pyrimidines as antimicrobial agents.Methods: Some 2-piperidinomethylamino-4-(7-H/substitutedcoumarin-3-yl)-6-chlorosubstitutedphenyl pyrimidines were prepared by reacting 2-amino-4-(7-H/substitutedcoumarin-3-yl)-6- (chlorosubstitutedphenyl) pyrimidines with piperidine and formaldehyde. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. These compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against ten bacteria and five fungi by serial plate dilution method using standard drugs, namely, ofloxacin and ketoconazole, respectively, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined.Results: A total of eighteen new compounds (1a-18a) were synthesized. Compound 6a (MIC = 50 μg/mL; p < 0.05 or less) displayed the highest activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus. Compound 6a further showed good activity (MIC = 25 μg/mL; p < 0.05 or less) against E. coli; P. aeruginosa K. pneumonia, B. bronchiseptica, and P. vulgaris. Compounds 6a (MIC = 25 μg/mL; p < 0.0001) and 17a (MIC = 25 μg/mL; p < 0.0001) displayed very good activity against C. albicans, A. niger, A. flavus, M. purpureous, and P. citrinum, respectively. Analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that the presence of bromo group at 7-postion of the coumarin moiety along with the 4-chlorophenyl group at position-6 of the pyrimidine ring is critical for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and fungi.Conclusion: The synthesized 2-piperidino derivatives are better antifungal and antibacterial agents than the earlier reported 2-morpholino derivatives, but require further investigations against other microbial strains to ascertain their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.Keywords: Pyrimidine, Coumarin, Piperidine, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Structure activity relationshi

Re-use of agricultural wastes for the removal and recovery of Zr(IV) from aqueous solutions

This study assesses the feasibility of Zr(IV) removal and recovery from aqueous solutions by novel biosorbents prepared from selected agricultural wastes. Sugarcane bagasse was selected for further investigation after showing increased biosorption capacity during the initial screening experiment. The biosorption efficiency of native (untreated), SDS-treated and immobilised bagasse for Zr(IV) removal was studied and optimization of the experimental conditions carried out including pH, biosorbent weight, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature to maximise adsorption. Sorbent–sorbate reaction behaviour was estimated by fitting equilibrium data by non-linear and transformed linear forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherms as well as pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models. The best fitting isothermal or kinetic model was optimized by comparing linear and non-linear R2 value and non-linear regression error functions. H2SO4 proved to be the most effective desorbing agent in recovery of the sorbed Zr(IV) ions from all forms of bagasse. Biosorbent characterisation and effectiveness of the process was confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The data illustrate that native (untreated), SDS-treated and immobilised bagasse have great potential to remove and recover Zr from wastewater

The concept and perception of peace education in Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan: A comparative case study

In the geographically remote culture and context of Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan, this study explores the perceptions and practices of peace education by two secondary school head teachers (one in a relatively urban area and another in a rural area), as well as three additional teachers from each school. A qualitative, interview-based research approach is employed. The concept of peace education is related by the interviewed teachers to the inculcation and development of positive thinking and positive attitude among students. This positivity is seen as instrumental for the holistic development of the children, and ultimately, for the cultivation of a peaceful society

Experimental Investigation on Steel Fibre Reinforced Fly Ash (Class-C) Based Alkali Activated Geo-Polymer Concrete

Geo-polymer concrete (GPC) are representing the most promising green and eco-friendly alternative to Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This paper presents the results of an experimental program on the mechanical properties of steel fibres reinforced geo-polymer concrete (SFRGPC) such as Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength, Water absorption, Alkali attack, Acid attack and Abrasion resistance. SFRPGPC contains Fly ash (Class- C), alkaline liquids, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and steel fibres. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio was fixed as 0.45 with 100% replacement of OPC. For alkaline liquid combination ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solution was fixed as 2.5. Steel fibres was added to the mix in volume fractions of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% by volume of geo-polymer concrete. Specimens were subjected to air curing at room temperature. Based on the test results Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength showed maximum values for 0.5% dosage of steel fibre. Hence , it is concluded that the addition of  0.5%  steel fibres dosage increase the strength of geo-polymer concrete which is due to the hooked end  shape of  steel fibres, which provide better adhesion between fibre and concrete and can be used in the marine environment. Keywords: fly ash (Class C), steel fibre, flexural strength, compressive strength, split tensile test DOI: 10.7176/CER/11-3-03 Publication date: April 30th 201

APLIKASI TANAH DIATOMAE TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN MORTAR 1:4

ABSTRAKSalah satu bahan utama untuk campuran mortar adalah semen. Harga semen biasanya cukup mahal untuk dijangkau oleh masyarakat. Sehingga perlu dicari alternatif baru dengan menggunakan bahan alami untuk menggantikan semen. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini digunakan tanah diatomae sebagai substitusi sebagian semen karena tanah diatomae memiliki sifat pozzolan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tanah diatomae terhadap kuat tekan mortar dengan perbandingan 1 semen : 4 pasir. Tanah diatomae yang diaplikasikan adalah tanah diatomae yang berlokasi di Desa Lampanah, Kecamatan Seulimuem, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Tanah diatomae yang digunakan adalah tanah diatomae yang sudah mengalami proses kalsinasi terlebih dahulu dan lolos saringan No.200. Banyaknya tanah diatomae sebagai substitusi semen adalah 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40% dari volume semen. Semen yang digunakan ada dua tipe, yaitu semen tipe I atau Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) dan Portland Composite Cement (PCC). Benda uji mortar berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran sisi 5 cm sebanyak 200 buah untuk uji kuat tekan dan 50 buah untuk uji absorbsi. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 1, 3, 7 dan 28 hari, sedangkan pengujian absorbsi dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa semakin banyak persentase tanah diatomae maka semakin besar nilai absorbsi yang dihasilkan sehingga kuat tekannya cenderung menurun. Pada penggunaan jenis semen OPC semua yang diuji termasuk mortar tipe M, mortar kelas tertinggi. Sedangkan pada penggunaan jenis semen PCC hanya mortar variasi 0%-30% tanah diatomae yang dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam tipe mortar M, sedangkan mortar dengan variasi 40% dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam tipe mortar S, yaitu mortar kelas ke dua. Dengan demikian tanah diatomae yang terdapat di Desa Lampanah, Kecamatan Seulimum Kabupaten Aceh Besar bisa digunakan sebagai salah satu material alternatif natural SCM (Suplementary Cementing Materials) pengganti semen.Kata Kunci : Mortar, tanah diatomae, substitusi semen, kalsinasi, kuat tekan, absorbs

Computer users at risk: Health disorders associated with prolonged computer use

By keeping in view the ISO standards which emphasize the assessment of use of a product, this research aims to assess the prolonged use of computers and their effects on human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between extent of computer use (per day) and carpal tunnel syndrome, computer stress syndrome, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal problems. The second objective was to investigate the extent of simultaneous occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders among computer users. The sample in this exploratory study consisted of 120 employees and students. Self administered questionnaire was used as an instrument in this field survey study. The findings confirmed that computer related health disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders occur simultaneously among prolonged computer users such as employees and students. The simultaneous occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders is more among employees than students and those who are both employees and students. Employees who use computer daily for more than four hours are more likely subjected to the risks of all these four health disorders. The study concludes that by observing some rules of using computer, minimizing and treating of these disorders are possibleKeywords: Computer, Prolonged use, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Computer Vision Syndrome, Health Disorders, Employees, Students.

Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study for the Maghreb Countries

It has long been recognized in academic and policy debates that domestic policies play an important role in explaining economic growth. The paper investigates the role of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment on long-run growth in three countries of the Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) over the period 1980-2008. We fi rst estimate equilibrium RER relying on the Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rate (FEER) approach, from which misalignment is derived. Second, we estimate a dynamic panel growth model in which among the traditional determinants of growth, our measure of misalignment is included. The results indicate that the coeffi cient for RER misalignment is negative, which means that a more depreciated (appreciated) RER helps (harms) long-run growth. As a consequence, an appropriate exchange rate policy would close the gap between RER and its equilibrium level

Critical Risk Assessment and Management in Pharmaceutical Industry

Background Proper implementation of principles of project risk management is well known to minimize the impact of threats to any project. However, the determination of critical success factors which threat the success of pharmaceutical projects at baseline are usually uncertain. Methods Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaire generated solely for the purpose of the current research. The questionnaire was administered via e-mail to professionals employed in the pharmaceutical industry located in Boston area using www.surveymonkey.com. The introduction and purpose of the questionnaire was described in the message accompanying the questionnaire. Results: Out of the 14 critical success factors listed in the questionnaire , respondents ranked good communication on the top with weighted average (2.00) followed by Clear communication/ feedback (1.92) and Organizational adaptation/ culture/ structure (1.92). Conclusion Good leadership and clear communication and organization culture were determined to be the most important critical success factors for implementation of risk assessment management practices