Manipulation of tomato ripening using 1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) strongly inhibits ethylene (C2H4) action in less mature tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits, and that control by 1-MCP over C2H4 action limits its commercial use. Our first objective was to determine whether ripening in less mature fruits could be reinitiated by exposure to C2H4 when tomatoes were treated previously with 1-MCP. A second objective was to determine the concentrations of 1-MCP that could be used commercially to retard ripening in tomatoes at less mature stages. For the reinitiation experiments, tomato fruits at the turning stage were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, or 200 nL·L−1 of 1-MCP. These fruits subsequently were exposed to 100 [mu]L·L−1 of C2H4 on day 3 or day 4 after treatment with 1-MCP. To determine the appropriate low 1-MCP concentrations that may be used without subsequent C2H4 treatment, fruits in the turning stage were treated with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 nL·L−1 of 1-MCP, and fruits in the pink stage were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, or 400 nL·L−1 of 1-MCP. Ethylene treatment on day 3 or day 4 could not reinitiate ripening in turning stage tomato fruits previously treated with any of the 1-MCP concentrations. In tomatoes treated only with lower 1-MCP concentrations, the rate at which ripening proceeded depended upon the 1-MCP concentration and the stage of ripeness at the time of treatment. Arrival at the full red stage of ripening in turning fruits was delayed by 48 h when fruits were treated with 25 nL·L−1 of 1-MCP, 72 h when treated with 50 nL·L−1, and 96 h when treated with 75 nL·L−1, when compared with the control. Ripening of pink fruits was delayed by 24, 48, and 96 h with 50, 100, and 200 nL·L−1 of 1-MCP, respectively, as compared with the control. Tomato ripening could not be reinitiated, but it could be delayed by using lower 1-MCP concentrations that depended upon the stage of ripeness at treatment. This research benefits tomato wholesalers and retailers because they can use 1-MCP to adjust supply and demand cycles. Use of 1-MCP also will reduce losses caused by fluctuating market conditions and during transportation to distant markets

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING WITH SINGLE CONTINUOUS SURFACE PROFILED SECTOR SHAPED PADS

The effect of the film shape on the load carrying capacity of a hydrodynamically lubricated bearing has not been considered an important factor in the past. Flat faced tapered bearing and the Raileigh\u27s step bearing of constant film thickness have been the primary forms of film shapes for slider bearing studies and design data developments. There are indications in the literature that surface profiling/texturing can have significant and positive influence on the load carrying capacity of hydrodynamic pad thrust bearings. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to compare the experimental results of pressure temperature distributions in slider bearing with flat surface and with different single continuous surface profiled (Cycloidal,Catenoidal,Quadratic) sector shaped pads. Pressure results presented in this paper can provide a platform for validation of theoretical models. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the influence of single continuous surface profiled sector shaped pads in tilting pad thrust bearing. It has been found that with cycloidal shaped surface profiled sector shaped pads the pressure generated within fluid film is enhanced which in turn causes enhancement in load bearing capacity of hydrodynamic bearing

COMPARATIVE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ROOTS OF YELLOW KARWEER (THEVETIA NERIIFOLIA JUSS) BEFORE AND AFTER PURIFICATION PROCESS

Yellow Karweer/ oleander (Thevetia neriifolia synonym Thevetia peruviana) belongs to the family Apocynaceae. It is a poisonous plant, with various pharmacological activities. It is used by Ayurvedic physician in various diseases, especially in the skin disease. Karweer are potentially lethal plants after ingestion. All parts of the plants are toxic and contain a variety of cardiac glycosides. Excess use of Karaweer results in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia and hypocalcaemia in most cases. Administration of Karweer is recommended only after the Shodhana (purification procedures) in Godugdha (cow’s milk).MethodAfter purification with cow’s milk by boiling method, Yellow Karweer root was evaluated for their pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis. The obtained roots were investigated for their powder microscopically characters, phytochemical characters like preliminary phytochemical screening and Thin layer chromatography as per the API guidelines.ResultsOrganoleptic study shows variations in colour, odour, taste and appearance in all samples after purification. Microscopically study of powder highlights some changes like more number of oil globules in Godugdha (cow's milk) purified sample. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycoside, flavonoids, reducing sugar, etc.ConclusionThe observed data can be helpful to delineate the impact of purification process on yellow Karweer roots. Media has an important role to reduce the toxic effects and increase the potency

Automation of Universal Testing machine using Human Machine Interface (HMI)

In the material strength test, stress and strain rate are often required to be constant. For example, during the cement quality inspection, the loading rate is required to be2.4 ± 0.2KN/S [1]; when measuring the upper and lower yielding points of metallic materials, the stain rate should stay between 0.00025/S and 0.0025/S; In the determination of elongation at break, the stress rate should stay in the range of 1-10N/mm2 S-1 when the elasticity modulus smaller than 150000 N/mm2 [2]. Since 1950s, Material Testing Machines, which adopted large-flow electro-hydraulic servo, valve to form control system, have appeared in developed countries. Control system of this type could meet the requirements for the stress and strain rate in the material strength test. For example, MTS and Instron from USA, Schench from German, and Shimadzu from Japan all adopted this type of system. With the improvement of the manufacturing level of proportional valve and the development of control technology, electro-hydraulic proportional valve began to be used as the main control part home and abroad [4]. However, this type of parts, which is vulnerable to pollution, requires medium of high cleanliness. It is of large noise and high price. This type of system could go wrong easily for the complex hydraulic system DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15017

Exploring Plagiarism Awareness, Motivation, And Intentions Within The Ayurvedic Domain

As plagiarism is a serious offense, it is critical for researchers to examine their work for plagiarism. Consequently, this study aims to shed light on the issue of plagiarism within the Ayurveda domain, providing valuable insights into the awareness, motivations, and purposes behind plagiarism. This is an empirical study based on the primary data collected from the field of Ayurved domain using a survey approach. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics for hypothesis testing to draw conclusions. Researchers collected data from 194 participants (38% male and 62% female) with an average age 31.19 years (± 0.80) and SD 11.11 years. They included 58.76% of students, 40.72% of teachers, and 0.52% of researchers having education qualifications as 37.63%, 40.72%, and 21.65% for undergraduate (UG), Post Graduate (PG), and Doctoral (Ph.D.) respectively. Formulated four research hypotheses, through their respective sub-hypotheses, are tested for independence using parametric χ2 test of independence at 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Awareness about plagiarism depends upon educational qualification as well as professional-category of the personnel, It is found to be in increasing order with respect to educational qualification, more in teachers than students. The motivation behind the plagiarism check was also found to be dependent upon educational qualification and professional category. Mandatory-requirement factor increases with an academic qualification and is found to be higher in teachers than students. The researcher further observed that the selection of plagiarism detection software is independent of educational qualification and professional category. It found effectiveness as the primary factor for selection followed by price. By understanding these plagiarism aspects, it is possible to develop strategies to prevent plagiarism and promote ethical research practices in the field of Ayurveda, ultimately preserving the integrity of this traditional system of medicine. &nbsp

Visualization for Histopathology Images using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks

With the increase in the use of deep learning for computer-aided diagnosis in medical images, the criticism of the black-box nature of the deep learning models is also on the rise. The medical community needs interpretable models for both due diligence and advancing the understanding of disease and treatment mechanisms. In histology, in particular, while there is rich detail available at the cellular level and that of spatial relationships between cells, it is difficult to modify convolutional neural networks to point out the relevant visual features. We adopt an approach to model histology tissue as a graph of nuclei and develop a graph convolutional network framework based on attention mechanism and node occlusion for disease diagnosis. The proposed method highlights the relative contribution of each cell nucleus in the whole-slide image. Our visualization of such networks trained to distinguish between invasive and in-situ breast cancers, and Gleason 3 and 4 prostate cancers generate interpretable visual maps that correspond well with our understanding of the structures that are important to experts for their diagnosis.Comment: 5 pages, 3 Figure

Examining the Ethics of Public Health Interventions: Balancing Individual Rights and Collective Well-being

This research paper explores the complex ethical aspects related to public health interventions, with a main emphasis on managing the delicate equilibrium between protecting individual rights and promoting the overall well-being of the community. Our study examines historical perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and current practices to gain a thorough understanding of the ethical landscape in light of changing public health challenges. We suggest a new framework to address the ethical complexities that are inherent in public health interventions. The purpose of this framework is to assist decision-makers in finding a balanced and nuanced approach that both upholds individual freedoms and promotes the well-being of the community. The proposed framework integrates insights from utilitarian, rights-based, and communitarian perspectives to provide a comprehensive approach to ethical decision-making in policy formulation, highlighting the significance of ethical considerations. We evaluate the effects of public health interventions on individual rights and collective well-being by carefully analyzing case studies, such as compulsory vaccination programs, quarantine measures, and surveillance technologies. We conduct a comprehensive examination of the ethical principles involved, including autonomy, privacy, utility, and justice, to illuminate the ethical challenges confronted by policymakers. The research findings enhance the ongoing discussion on public health ethics by providing a nuanced viewpoint on the ethical consequences of interventions. The paper concludes by offering recommendations derived from the proposed framework, with the objective of improving the ethical underpinnings of public health policies. In essence, this study provides a valuable tool for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners who are looking to address the ethical dilemmas that arise when striving for a healthier society