Comparing glacial and Holocene opal fluxes in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 24 (2009): PA2214, doi:10.1029/2008PA001693.The silicic acid leakage hypothesis (SALH) predicts that during glacial periods excess silicic acid was transported from the Southern Ocean to lower latitudes, which favored diatom production over coccolithophorid production and caused a drawdown of atmospheric CO2. Downcore records of 230Th-normalized opal (biogenic silica) fluxes from 31 cores in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean were used to compare diatom productivity during the last glacial period to that of the Holocene and to examine the evidence for increased glacial Si export to the tropics. Average glacial opal fluxes south of the modern Antarctic Polar Front (APF) were less than during the Holocene, while average glacial opal fluxes north of the APF were greater than during the Holocene. However, the magnitude of the increase north of the APF was not enough to offset decreased fluxes to the south, resulting in a decrease in opal burial in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period, equivalent to approximately 15 Gt opal ka−1. This is consistent with the work of Chase et al. (2003a), and satisfies the primary requirement of the SALH, assuming that the upwelled supply of Si was approximately equivalent during the Holocene and the glacial period. However, previous results from the equatorial oceans are inconsistent with the other predictions of the SALH, namely that either the Corg:CaCO3 ratio or the rate of opal burial should have increased during glacial periods. We compare the magnitudes of changes in the Southern Ocean and the tropics and suggest that Si escaping the glacial Southern Ocean must have had an alternate destination, possibly the continental margins. There is currently insufficient data to test this hypothesis, but the existence of this sink and its potential impact on glacial pCO2 remain interesting topics for future study.Funding for this research was provided in part by the U.S. NSF (grant OPP02-30268). We thank the core repository at LDEO and the Antarctic Research Facility at FSU for providing samples

Arthur Abelmann Collection 1888-1950 Bulk dates: 1920-1934

This collection documents the life of pharmacist and entrepreneur Arthur Abelmann. It contains materials about his personal and professional life, including his service in World War I. The bulk of the material concerns Chemiewerk, the pharmaceutical firm he founded in 1920 and cultivated for 13 years. In 1933, Abelmann was forced to resign his leading position and then to sell the company in one of the earliest cases of “Aryanization”. Some documents have English translations prepared by Walter Abelmann, Arthur's son.Employment at Casella (under Arthur v. Weinberg) ; 'Thoughts and comments on life', 1888-1934 ; Degussa (Deutsche Gold und Silberanstalt) ; Brother Nicolai (Colla) Abelmann ; Letters from Albert SchweitzerArthur Abelmann was born in Riga, Latvia, February 10, 1888; he died in Zurich, Switzerland, December 2, 1934. In 1906 he started as pharmacy trainee in Memel, and also trained in pharmacies in Wiesbaden, Geneva, Lyon, Cannes, and Nancy. Abelmann then pursued university-level pharmacy studies in Munich, Strasbourg, and Nancy (there, under the Nobel-prize-winning chemist Victor Grignard). Abelmann returned to Germany from France just before the outbreak of hostilities, and served in the German Army from 1915 to 1917 as a chemist and pharmacist in the military hospital for prisoners-of-war at Limburg an der Lahn (Hesse). He finished his Ph.D. at the University of Frankfurt in 1919. In 1920 he founded the Chemisch-Pharmazeutische AG Bad Hamburg, known as the “Chemiewerk”. He stayed with the company, overseeing its move to Frankfurt/Main. In 1933 he was forced to resign as Director and CEO.Arthur Abelmann, his wife Else Weill Abelmann (born 1893 in Zurich, Switzerland), and their children, Walter Abelmann (born 1921) and Edith Abelmann (born 1923) emigrated to Switzerland in 1933, where he took over the responsibilities for the Treupha AG in Baden, Switzerland, which represented the Chemiewerk in many European and overseas countries.Processeddigitize