Exploring the dark side of online social networks: A taxonomy of negative effects on users

© 26th European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change, ECIS 2018. All Rights Reserved. The use of online social networks (OSNs) has grown substantially over the past few years and many studies have reported the benefits and positive effects of using these platforms. However, the negative effects of OSNs have received little attention. Given the lack of a comprehensive picture of the dark side of using OSNs, we conducted a systematic literature review of the top information systems journals to categorise negative effects and develop a taxonomy of the dark side of OSNs use. Our review of 20 papers identified 43 negative effects of OSNs use, which we grouped into six categories: cost of social exchange, annoying content, privacy concerns, security threats, cyber bullying and low performance that formed the holistic view of dark side of OSNs use. This paper discusses implications of the findings, identifies gaps in the literature and provides a roadmap for future research

All-optical high speed NOR gate based on two photon absorption in silicon wire waveguides

We demonstrate for the first time an all-optical logic NOR gate in submicron size silicon wire waveguides. High speed operation at equivalent 80Gbps data rate was achieved using pump induced non-degenerate two-photon absorption inside the waveguides. The device requires low pulse energy (few pJ) for logic gate operation. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America

Indigenous people living with cancer: Developing a mobile health application for improving their psychological well-being

© 2017 AIS/ICIS Administrative Office. All Rights Reserved. Poor cancer outcomes experienced by Indigenous Australians result from advanced cancer stages at diagnosis, poorer uptake of and adherence to treatments, higher levels of co-morbidity, and poorer access to inclusive and culturally appropriate care compared with non-Indigenous Australians. Socio-economics and social support can mitigate these problems. Technology-based interventions hold considerable promise for enhancing social support. This paper asks what are the key features of a mobile health application designed to improve the social support and consequently psychological well-being of Indigenous Australians living with cancer? To answer this question, a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted in information systems and health disciplines has been undertaken and a theoretical model is proposed. This study contributes to the existing knowledge base through the development of a new theoretical model and the introduction of the features of a mobile health application that may have a positive impact among Indigenous Australian cancer patients’ psychological well-being

The Dark Side of Using Online Social Networks: A Review of Individuals' Negative Experiences

Research on online social networks (OSNs) has focused overwhelmingly on their benefits and potential, with their negative effects overlooked. This study builds on the limited existing work on the so-called ‘dark side’ of using OSNs. The authors conducted a systematic review of selected databases and identified 46 negative effects of using OSNs from the users’ perspective, which is a rich spectrum of users’ negative experiences. This article then proposed nomenclature and taxonomy for the dark side of using OSNs by grouping these negative effects into six themes: cost of social exchange, cyberbullying, low performance, annoying content, privacy concerns and security threats. This study then conducted structured interviews with experts to confirm the sense-making and validity of the proposed taxonomy. This study discusses the confirmed taxonomy and outlines directions for future research.</jats:p

Performance-based social comparisons in humans and long-tailed macaques

Social comparisons are a fundamental feature of human thinking and affect self-evaluations and task performance. Little is known about the evolutionary origins of social comparison processes, however. Previous studies that investigated performance-based social comparisons in nonhuman primates yielded mixed results. We report three experiments that aimed (a) to explore how the task type may contribute to performance in monkeys, and (b) how a competitive set-up affects monkeys compared to humans. In a co-action touchscreen task, monkeys were neither influenced by nor interested in the performance of the partner. This may indicate that the experimental set-up was not sufficiently relevant to trigger social comparisons. In a novel co-action foraging task, monkeys increased their feeding speed in competitive and co-active conditions, but not in relation to the degree of competition. In an analogue of the foraging task, human participants were affected by partner performance and experimental context, indicating that the task is suitable to elicit social comparisons in humans. Our studies indicate that specifics of task and experimental setting are relevant to draw the monkeys’ attention to a co-actor and that, in line with previous research, a competitive element was crucial. We highlight the need to explore what constitutes “relevant” social comparison situations for monkeys as well as nonhuman animals in general, and point out factors that we think are crucial in this respect (e.g. task type, physical closeness, and the species’ ecology). We discuss that early forms of social comparisons evolved in purely competitive environments with increasing social tolerance and cooperative motivations allowing for more fine-grained processing of social information. Competition driven effects on task performance might constitute the foundation for the more elaborate social comparison processes found in humans, which may involve context-dependent information processing and metacognitive monitoring

Thermodynamic basis for the genome to capsid charge relationship in viral encapsidation

We establish an appropriate thermodynamic framework for determining the optimal genome length in electrostatically driven viral encapsidation. Importantly, our analysis includes the electrostatic potential due to the Donnan equilibrium, which arises from the semipermeable nature of the viral capsid, i.e., permeable to small mobile ions but impermeable to charged macromolecules. Because most macromolecules in the cellular milieu are negatively charged, the Donnan potential provides an additional driving force for genome encapsidation. In contrast to previous theoretical studies, we find that the optimal genome length is the result of combined effects from the electrostatic interactions of all charged species, the excluded volume and, to a very significant degree, the Donnan potential. In particular, the Donnan potential is essential for obtaining negatively overcharged viruses. The prevalence of overcharged viruses in nature may suggest an evolutionary preference for viruses to increase the amount of genome packaged by utilizing the Donnan potential (through increases in the capsid radius), rather than high charges on the capsid, so that structural stability of the capsid is maintained

Revisiting the reactivity of Ru3(CO)12 with PhC≡CPh (diphenylacetylene)-new findings of a thermic effect towards higher nuclearity

177-184In this paper, we report tri- and tetranuclear ruthenium carbonyl compounds containing PhC≡CPh ligand showing μ3-η2, μ3-η4, μ4-η2 coordination modes. A one-pot reaction between [Ru3(CO)12] and PhC≡CPh in THF (tetrahydrofuran) at 66 °C has given the new trinuclear compound [Ru3(CO)6(μ-CO)2(μ3-η4-C4Ph4)] (2) in 30% yield together with the previously reported [Ru3(CO)8(μ3-η2-C2Ph2)2] (1) in 25% yield. Compound 1 converts to 2 under refluxing condition in THF. A similar reaction involving [Ru3(CO)12] with PhC≡CPh in refluxing benzene (80 °C) afforded previously reported closo-tetraruthenium compounds [Ru4(CO)12(μ4-η2-C2Ph2)] (3) and [Ru4(CO)10(μ-CO)(μ4-η2-C2Ph2)2] (4) in 25 and 16% yields, respectively, along with 2 in 20% yield. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in addition to IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic methods