99 research outputs found
Low-cost low-power in-vehicle occupant detection with mm-wave FMCW radar
In this paper, we use a low-cost low-power mm-wave frequency modulated
continuous wave (FMCW) radar for the in-vehicle occupant detection. We propose
an algorithm using Capon filter for the joint range-azimuth estimation. Then,
the minimum necessary features are extracted to train machine learning
classifiers to have reasonable computational complexity while achieving high
accuracy. In addition, experiments were carried out in a minivan to detect
occupancy of each row using support vector machine (SVM). Finally, our proposed
system achieved 97.8% accuracy on average in finding the defined scenarios.
Moreover, the system can correctly identify if the vehicle is occupied or not
with 100% accuracy
Genesis of Awareness and Self-Awareness in the Political Situation; Based on The System of Knowledge and Foundation of Natural Rights
Consciousness, which is one of the central issues of German idealism, has received various interpretations among German philosophers. Assuming the thing-in-itself, Kant presented consciousness in pieces and presented it in the form of three critiques. After him, Reinholt and Schultze, by criticizing the thing-in-itself, provided the ground for a new interpretation of consciousness by Fichte. Fichte with approval Schultze's critique of the thing-in-itself, rightly gathered consciousness into the unity of the absolute subject. He then gave a revolutionary interpretation of how consciousness develops by creating a dialectical relationship between consciousness, self-consciousness, and intersubjectivity. In this article, we try to explain Fichte's interpretation of consciousness according to the relationship that he establishes between consciousness, self-consciousness and intersubjectivity, and to present the calendar of consciousness and self-consciousness in the political situation. He first argues that consciousness logically requires an order in which self-consciousness provides its development and He then considers the order in consciousness as dependent on the creation of a relationship that occurs in the process of recognition between subjects
Comparative and Critical Study of the Concept of Freedom in the thought of Kant and Heidegger
In a sense, freedom is one of the most important concepts in the history of philosophy, which plays a fundamental role in the thought of philosophers, but like many other concepts, it needs to be redefined in order to survive in new conditions. Based on this, this article aims to compare Kant's and Heidegger's viewpoints and take some serious criticisms into consideration in order to take a preliminary step towards redefining the concept of freedom. Kant considers freedom to be a metaphenomenal matter and a fundamental characteristic of the subject. And he introduces it as the foundation of ethics. He chooses the positive meaning of freedom that emerges in the shadow of human socialization and makes it the basis of his thought. But it must be said that firstly, it is true that moral laws are issued by us, but acting on them is optional. Secondly, a person is more a social product than the result of the pure form of the moral law and the rule of refusal of the society of contrarians. On the contrary, Heidegger believes Dasein is the essence of transcending itself and existential transcendence, and this is the basis of freedom. Therefore, the (external) existence of Dasein is essentially the essence of freedom. But first of all, Heidegger's method in describing the way of human existence is neutral towards the way of life. Second, Heidegger's view on freedom does not help to live freely, nor does it show a solution for it. Thirdly, this view shows another role and society in living freely ignores and relies only on the individual Dasein. Fourthly, freedom has no relationship with satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, freedom does not mean getting rid of causal-disabled determinism, but it means making it naked
Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Walnut Oil Using Rancimat Test
ABSTRACT In this paper, walnut oil at four different temperatures (353, 363, 373 And 383 ̊ K) were oxidized under the rancimat test conditions, it was observed that the rate of oxidation increases with increasing temperature. The natural logarithm of the reaction rate constan
Excited-State Solvation Structure of Transition Metal Complexes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Assessment of Partial Atomic Charge Methods
In this work, we investigate the excited-state solute and solvation structure
of , ,
and
(bpy=2,2'-pyridine; bmip=2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine;
phen=1,10-phenanthroline) transition metal complexes (TMCs) in terms of
solute-solvent radial distribution functions (RDFs) and evaluate the
performance of some of the most popular partial atomic charge (PAC) methods for
obtaining these RDFs by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To this end, we
compare classical MD of a frozen solute in water and acetonitrile (ACN) with
quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics
(QM/MM BOMD) simulations. The calculated RDFs show that the choice of a
suitable PAC method is dependent on the coordination number of the metal,
denticity of the ligands, and type of solvent. It is found that this selection
is less sensitive for water than ACN. Furthermore, a careful choice of the PAC
method should be considered for TMCs that exhibit a free direct coordination
site, such as . The results of this work show that
fast classical MD simulations with ChelpG/RESP or CM5 PACs can produce RDFs
close to those obtained by QM/MM MD and thus, provide reliable solvation
structures of TMCs to be used, e.g. in the analysis of scattering data
Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies or DNA sequences from ostensibly healthy Iranian mothers and their neonates
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains the most common cause of viral intrauterine infection. The objective of
this research was to determine the prevalence of at-risk pregnancies for congenital cytomegalovirus
transmission in a randomly selected pregnant women and their newborns. Enzyme Link
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were utilized to screen
the sera of mothers (n = 100) and consecutive umbilical cord blood samples from their newborn (n =
100). Of the 100 mother's sera analyzed, 100 (100%) and 3 (3%) were positive for cytomegalovirus IgG
and IgM antibodies, respectively. Of the 100 cord serum specimens analyzed, 99 (99%) and 2 (2%) were
positive for cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Cytomegalovirus DNA was detected
in 4 out of 100 (4%) cord blood samples of newborns. From four CMV DNA positive cases, Case 1 had
no IgM in cord serum, but had IgM in mother's sera. Cases 2 and 4 were positive for IgM in both
mother's sera and cord serum. Case 3 had no detectable CMV IgM in sera and cord serum. As many as
66 and 100% of CMV IgM-positive women in this study also had CMV IgM and CMV DNA in their delivery
cord blood samples, respectively suggesting an increased risk of congenital CMV infection in those
pregnancies. A paired women sera/cord blood CMV IgM-negative was found to be positive for CMV
DNA. The data may also suggest the utility of PCR in place of CMV IgM as a diagnostic method for
congenital CMV infection
Diet intervention to improve cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian postmenopausal women
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and disability and remains so in the future. The aim of this study was to detect the impact of a 6-month diet intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal Iranian women. It was a randomized controlled trial that carried out in the East Health Clinic in Ahvaz-Iran. This study started on June 2007 and was completed on May 2008. A total 64 healthy postmenopausal women recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention group (35) and control (29). Over the six months follow-up, the intervention group received five educational sessions (two face to face and three lecture discussion classes with slide demonstration) at the first month. These sessions were about menopause, cardiovascular disease and healthy diet. Every participant in the intervention group received one face to face education session at the 3rd month, and also received a telephone call at the end of each month starting with the second month to remain on the diet. Pre-intervention and post-intervention anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood lipids and dietary intake were assessed. Data analyzed using the SPSS version 15. Descriptive (means and SD), univariate (Paired-t test, Chi-Square and Independent T-test) and multivariate (GLM Repeated Measure) statistics were used. Participants in the diet group had significantly lower weight (-0.9 kg), body mass index (-0.4 kg/m2), and fasting blood sugar (-4.5 mg/dl). The diet group significantly increased their daily intake of fiber (+2.3 g, P = 0.05), decreased their intake of sodium (-28 mg, P = 0.04), and consumption of fruit and vegetable ≥ 5 serving a day (80%, P = 0.03) compared to the control group. Post menopausal women are at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease. Healthy diet using educational intervention can be an effective means of reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women
Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Background
Musculoskeletal disorders include more than 150 different conditions affecting joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and the spine. To capture all health loss from death and disability due to musculoskeletal disorders, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) includes a residual musculoskeletal category for conditions other than osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, low back pain, and neck pain. This category is called other musculoskeletal disorders and includes, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondylopathies. We provide updated estimates of the prevalence, mortality, and disability attributable to other musculoskeletal disorders and forecasted prevalence to 2050.
Methods
Prevalence of other musculoskeletal disorders was estimated in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 using data from 68 sources across 23 countries from which subtraction of cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain, and gout from the total number of cases of musculoskeletal disorders was possible. Data were analysed with Bayesian meta-regression models to estimate prevalence by year, age, sex, and location. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from prevalence and disability weights. Mortality attributed to other musculoskeletal disorders was estimated using vital registration data. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 by regressing prevalence estimates from 1990 to 2020 with Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying by population forecasts.
Findings
Globally, 494 million (95% uncertainty interval 431–564) people had other musculoskeletal disorders in 2020, an increase of 123·4% (116·9–129·3) in total cases from 221 million (192–253) in 1990. Cases of other musculoskeletal disorders are projected to increase by 115% (107–124) from 2020 to 2050, to an estimated 1060 million (95% UI 964–1170) prevalent cases in 2050; most regions were projected to have at least a 50% increase in cases between 2020 and 2050. The global age-standardised prevalence of other musculoskeletal disorders was 47·4% (44·9–49·4) higher in females than in males and increased with age to a peak at 65–69 years in male and female sexes. In 2020, other musculoskeletal disorders was the sixth ranked cause of YLDs globally (42·7 million [29·4–60·0]) and was associated with 83 100 deaths (73 600–91 600).
Interpretation
Other musculoskeletal disorders were responsible for a large number of global YLDs in 2020. Until individual conditions and risk factors are more explicitly quantified, policy responses to this burden remain a challenge. Temporal trends and geographical differences in estimates of non-fatal disease burden should not be overinterpreted as they are based on sparse, low-quality data.publishedVersio
Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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