MENTHA SPİCATA UÇUCU YAĞ EKSTRESİNİN İÇERİK ANALİZİYLE, SIÇANLARDA YARA İYİLEŞMESİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız Mentha spicata (MS) türünün uçucu yağ ekstresinin kimyasal ve antioksidan kompozisyonunu, bu bitkiye ait ekstrenin antibakteriyel aktivitesini ve sıçan damak bölgesinde yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem ve gereçler: MS ekstresinin antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH serbest radikal giderim, ABTS katyon radikal giderim ve CUPRAC yöntemleri ile tayin edildi. Ayrıca türün antiaging poptansiyeli elastaz ve kollajenaz enzim aktiviteleri ile belirlenerek uçucu yağ içeriği GC-MS/FID ile analiz edildi. Yara iyileşmesindeki etkinliğin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla da 8-10 haftalık, 56 adet Wistar albino türü erkek ratın damağında 4 mm çapında eksizyonal yara bölgesi oluşturuldu. Denekler; kontrol grubu (K), ve Mentha spicata (MS) grubu şeklinde 2 eşit gruba bölündü ve 3, 7, 14 ve 21.günlerde sakrifiye edildi. Yara bölgelerinden histopatolojik inceleme için doku örnekleri alındı. Histopatolojik olarak; vaskülarizasyon, polimorfonükleer lökosit (PMN) sayısı, kollajen dejenerasyonu, fibrozis, vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF) ve vimentin parametreleri değerlendirildi. Antimikrobiyal etkinliğin saptanmasında ise Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) ve Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) bakterileri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Antioksidan değerlendirmede; daha çok monoterpenlerden oluşan MS uçucu yağ ekstresi orta derecede aktif bulundu. Yara iyileşmesindeki istatistiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre ise; MS grubu, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, 14 ve 21.günlerde anlamlı olarak azalmış vaskülarizasyon, PMN, kollajen dejenerasyonu, fibrozis ve vimentin değerleri görülürken; aynı günlerde VEGF değerleri anlamlı olarak fazla bulundu. MS’nin S. mitis ve Aa bakterileri bir antibakteriyel etkisi tespit edilmedi. Sonuç: Mentha spicata’nın ise ağız içi yara iyileşmesinde orta derecede etkili olduğu görüldü. Anahtar kelimeler: Antibakteriyel, Antioksidan, Kloroben, Mentha Spicata, Yara İyileşmes

Phytochemical profile and some biological activities of three Centaurea species from Turkey

Purpose: To characterise the phytochemical profile of whole plants of Centaurea balsamita, C. depressa and C. lycopifolia with LC-ESI-MS/MS, and as well as their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities.Methods: Organic and aqueous extracts of the three Centaurea species were evaluated for DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Acetyland butyryl-cholinesterase enzyme inhibition abilities of the extracts using petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water were studied to determine anticholinesterase activity, while antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method using appropriate antimicrobial standards and organisms. The phytochemical components of the methanol extracts were assessed by LC-MS/MS.Results: The methanol extract of C. balsamita exhibited much higher DPPH free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activities (with IC50 of 62.65 ± 0.97 and 24.21 ± 0.70 mg/ml, respectively) than the other extracts. The petroleum ether extracts of the plant species exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzymes while the acetone extract of C. balsamita showed good antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Quinic acid (17513 ± 813 μg/g, 63874 ± 3066 μg/g and 108234 ± 5195 μg/g) was the major compound found in the methanol extracts of C. balsamita, C. depressa and C. Lycopifolia, respectively.Conclusion: These results indicate quinic acid is the major compound in the three plant species and that Centaurea balsamita has significant antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial properties. Further studies to identify the compounds in the extracts responsible for the activities are required.Keywords: Centaurea, LC-ESI-MS/MS, Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant, Antimicrobia

Phytochemical profile and ABTS cation radical scavenging, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and anticholinesterase activities of endemic Ballota nigra L. subsp. anatolica P.H. Davis from Turkey

Objective: To evaluate the chemical compositions and biological activities of an endemic Ballota nigra L. subsp. anatolica P.H. Davis. Methods: Essential oil and fatty acid composition were determined by GC/MS analysis. ABTS cation radical decolourisation and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays were carried out to indicate the antioxidant activity. The anticholinesterase potential of the extracts were determined by Ellman method. Results: The major compounds in the fatty acid composition of the petroleum ether extract were identified as palmitic (36.0%) and linoleic acids (14.3%). The major components of essential oil were 1-hexacosanol (26.7%), germacrene-D (9.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.3%). The water extract indicated higher ABTS cation radical scavenging activity than α-tocopherol and BHT, at 100 µg/ mL. The acetone extract showed 71.58 and 44.71% inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme at 200 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The water and acetone extracts of Ballota nigra subsp. anatolica can be investigated in terms of both phytochemical and biological aspects to find natural active compounds

Farklı familyalara ait türlerdeki element analizlerinin indüktif eşleşmiş plazma kütle spektrometrisi (ICP-MS) ile belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması

The consumption of plants and their use for medicinal purposes are increasing day by day. Therefore, knowing the plant contents is important for human health. In this study, metal contents of nineteen species belonging to four different families were determined. Different species belonging to the same genus belonging to these families and metal contents of different parts of the same sample were compared with each other. The metal contents of different species of the same genus have been determined that be different from each other. The metal contents of different parts of the same species were determined that be different from each other. In addition, the Cd and Pb metal content results of the species were compared with the maximum allowable concentration values in raw plant material of the World Health Organization's (WHO). Cd metal content in all species was found to be higher than the value determined by the WHO. Only the Pb metal content of the A3 species was found to be higher than the value determined by WHO.Bitkilerin tüketimi ve tıbbi amaçlı kullanımları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu nedenle bitki içeriklerinin bilinmesi insan sağlığı açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada dört farklı familyaya ait on dokuz türün çoklu element içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu familyalara ait aynı cinsin farklı türlerinin çoklu element içerikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, aynı cinsin farklı kısımlarının element içerikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Aynı cinsin farklı türlerinin ve aynı türün farklı kısımlarının element içerikleri birbirinden farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, türlerin Cd ve Pb içerik sonuçları Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün (WHO) ham bitki materyalinde izin verilen maksimum konsantrasyon değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Tüm türlerde Cd içeriği WHO tarafından belirlenen değerden yüksek bulunmuştur. Yalnızca, Sternbergia clusiana Boiss'in Pb içeriği. (A3) WHO tarafından tespit edilen değerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi

Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Compositions of Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antimicrobial Activities

This study represents the first report on the chemical composition and biological activity of Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium. The major components of the essential oil were identified as hexatriacontene (23.0%), arachidic acid (15.5%) and alpha-selinene (10.0%). The main constituents of the fatty acid obtained from the petroleum ether extract were identified as palmitic acid (29.8%), linoleic acid (18.6%) and oleic acid (10.5%). In particular, the water extract exhibited higher activity than alpha-tocopherol and BHT, which were used as standards in the ABTS cation radical scavenging assay and indicated higher inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase enzyme than the reference compound, galanthamine but exhibited weak activity in beta-carotene bleaching, DPPH-free radical scavenging, and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays. The petroleum ether extract exhibited higher activity than alpha-tocopherol which was used as standard in the beta-carotene bleaching method at concentration 100 mu g/mL. The acetone extract exhibited higher activity than alpha-tocopherol which was used as standard cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method at 100 mu g/mL concentration The acetone and methanol extracts were active on all microorganisms tested with a small zone diameter indicating weak activity