EFEITO DO PROGRAMA DE JOGGING SOBRE A GORDURA VISCERAL DO ALMAJIRAI EM TSANGAYA NA METRÓPOLE DE GUSAU, NIGÉRIA

This study therefore assessed the effect of jogging programme on visceral fat of Almajirai in Tsangaya in Gusau Metropolis, Nigeria. For the purpose of this study, a 1x2 x3 factorial research design was used. The population are Almajirai who are gardi in Gusau Metropolis within the ages of 13-15 years, stratified sampling and simple random sampling technique were used to select 48 Gardi Almajirai in Gusau metropolis who volunteered to participate in the study. Hand-held Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis device was used to assess visceral fat. All of these Girdi Almajirai were found to have met the inclusion criteria and were all assigned to the jogging programme and the baseline values were used as the control. All exercise sessions were preceded by 10 minutes warm-up; the programme lasted between 30 and 45 minutes, which ended with a cool down session. All exercise sessions were conducted between 5.30p.m - 6.00p.m on alternate days every Monday, Wednesday and Friday of the consecutive weeks. Training intensity was maintained between 50-65% of estimated HR max  for 4 weeks and which was increased progressively from 60-70% from the 5 to 8 weeks of training. The data collected were statistically analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA and scheffe post hoc test was used to locate where significant effect lies at level of 0.05. The result of the study revealed that jogging had significant effect on visceral fat p=0.001. It was recommended that Adolescent almajirai should participate every day in 45 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is enjoyable and developmentally appropriate.Este estudo avaliou, portanto, o efeito do programa de jogging na gordura visceral de Almajirai em Tsangaya, na Metrópole de Gusau, Nigéria. Para o propósito deste estudo, foi utilizado um projeto de pesquisa fatorial de 1x2 x3. A população é de Almajirai que é gardi na metrópole de Gusau dentro dos 13-15 anos de idade, amostragem estratificada e técnica simples de amostragem aleatória foram usadas para selecionar 48 Gardi Almajirai na metrópole de Gusau que se voluntariaram para participar do estudo. O dispositivo de Análise de Impedância Bioelétrica manual foi usado para avaliar a gordura visceral. Verificou-se que todas estas Girdi Almajirai cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e foram todas designadas para o programa de jogging e os valores de base foram usados como controle. Todas as sessões de exercício foram precedidas de 10 minutos de aquecimento; o programa durou entre 30 e 45 minutos, o que terminou com uma sessão de resfriamento. Todas as sessões de exercícios foram realizadas entre 17h30min e 18h00min em dias alternados, todas as segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras das semanas consecutivas. A intensidade de treinamento foi mantida entre 50-65% do RH máximo estimado por 4 semanas e que foi aumentado progressivamente de 60-70% das 5 a 8 semanas de treinamento. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente usando ANOVA medida repetidamente e o teste post-hoc de esquema foi usado para localizar onde o efeito significativo está no nível de 0,05. O resultado do estudo revelou que o jogging teve efeito significativo sobre a gordura visceral p=0,001. Foi recomendado que o adolescente almajirai participasse todos os dias em 45 minutos ou mais de atividade física moderada a vigorosa que seja agradável e apropriada para o desenvolvimento

The repercussions of the overlap within the roles of the Palestinian-Israeli negotiations on the outcomes of negotiating process: an analytical study

This study explores the effects of the overlapping roles and objectives of the Palestinian-Israeli negotiations onto the outcomes of the negotiating process. The negotiation process is a functional center which plays a major role in resolving conflicts and simultaneously performs several other objectives. This has caused overlapping roles of the functional center between the major and the secondary ones. The interactional roles, which are the secondary one, are given priority over a functional center as the major role. This study therefore, examines the impact of the overlapping roles and objectives played by the functional center onto the negotiation process’s outcomes. The focus of this study is the Palestinian-Israeli negotiations from 1991 until 2001. This is a qualitative study, which employed interviews and document study as the main data collection methods. The respondents for the interviews were purposively sampled and the data gathered were descriptively and analytically examined. The role theory was adopted as the main framework for this study. The study investigates the following concerns, namely, whether or not the Palestinian-Israeli negotiation has the proper introduction. It also examines the extent to which the negotiation process followed theoretical rules and other bases of negotiation as well as analyses whether or not the negotiation process fulfilled the conditions, principles, and attributes of political negotiations. This study also explores the ability of the Palestinian negotiators to deal with other options of negotiation and the types of negotiation strategies adopted by the Israeli negotiators. It also examines several other aspects including the extent to which the agenda was negotiable, and whether or not the Palestinian negotiators were qualified to negotiate on such question, and the impact of the international political environment on the negotiating process. The major findings of this study shows that, the overlapping in negotiating roles have impacted negatively on the negotiation outcomes. The study also discovers that, among the major ones, the Palestinian-Israeli negotiation process did not meet the theoretical norms of political negotiations and the agenda negotiated was non-negotiable. The study suggests that, the Palestinian negotiators ought to reconsider the adoption of the negotiation options that they chose which so far, has not yielded any positive resul

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacillus species and their potential to biodegrade polyethylene material

This study was conducted to screen for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacillus species from soil and investigate their ability to biodegrade low density polyethylene materials. The organisms were isolated using phenotypic characterization and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR confirmed the presence of two different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and absence of Brevibacillus specie from the soil sample. The bacteria were inoculated in a nutrient broth to which 2% polyethylene was amended for a period of three weeks in a shaker incubator at 180rpm. Effect of temperature, pH and concentration of polyethylene on the biodegradation process was also studied. The initial and final dry weights of the polyethylene were recorded and the % degraded was calculated. It was found that both strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were capable of degrading the polyethylene. Strain C3 produced a maximum degradation of 20% at 37°C and pH 6. Strain B3 achieved a maximum degradation of 15% at 37°C at pH 6 and 7. In addition, it was found that both strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were able to survive up to 6% of polyethylene producing a maximum degradation of 55%. Therefore strains B3 and C3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be effective in biodegradation of polyethylene in dump sites if their potentials are well exploited

Cost and Calorie Analysis of Food Consumption in Artisanal Fishery Households in North-Western and North-Central Nigeria

A study was conducted to assess- the food calorie intake and factors that determine food security status of fisherfolks in North-Central and North-Western Nigeria. Data were collected from 267 rural fishery households using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. The main tools of analysis include descriptive statistics, Cost of calorie intake and Tobit models. The study revealed that the fishery household heads were male dominated (94%); average age of 49 years with mean adjusted household size of 8. The estimated mean years of schooling of sampled fisherfolks were 3.5 years, largely skewed towards the informal education and below 2015 UNDP mean education index of 5 years for Nigeria. The calorie intake for the secured fisherfolks households recorded higher values for the entire food intake than the insecured households. The result showed that only 35.58% of the sampled fisheries households were food secured while majority (64.42%) of the sampled households were food insecured. The determinants of food insecurity status were socio-economic variables and those factors that influenced the food secured fisherfolks showed slight variation from those influenced households that were food insecured and where it did, it was not by the same magnitude and direction.  There is need for an appropriate policy mix that will promote the increased production of legumes and animal protein foods in the study area to raise and meet the minimum average protein required per caput per day. Food insecure households should be educate by extension agents through their cooperative societies to increase production of maize, sorghum, millet, rice and cowpea to enhance their food security status

Tuning Superconductivity and Charge Density Wave Order in 2H-TaSe2 by Modulating the Van Hove Singularity

Tantalum diselenide (TaSe2) is an exciting material that hosts charge density wave order (CDW) and superconductivity. Thus, providing a playing field for examining the interactions of fundamental electronic quantum states in materials. Recent research has proposed that the intrinsic quantum electronic state in the TaSe2 lattice could be improved by aligning the Van Hove singularity (VHs) with the Fermi level. In this study, we attempt to tune the VHs in TaSe2 to align them within the vicinity of the Fermi level via electron doping by chemically substituting Pt for Ta atoms. On investigating the band structure of Pt0.2Ta0.8Se2, the electron doping brought the VHs closer to the Fermi level vicinity around the K high symmetry point. As a result, the CDW state in pristine TaSe2 is suppressed in the TaSe2 doped system while also hosting an enhanced superconducting temperature (Tc) of ~2.7 K. These observations provide insight into ways to leverage the VHs in materials to tune their electronic properties.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Synthesis of Ultra-Thin Superionic Cu2Se and New Aspects of the Low-Temperature Crystal Configurations

Superionic conductors offer unique advantages for novel technological devices in various fields, such as energy storage and neuromorphic computing. Above 414 K, Cu2Se turns into a well-known superionic conductor via a phase transition, and it is demonstrated to exhibit peculiar electrical and thermoelectric properties in bulk. Here, we report a large-area synthesis of ultra-thin single crystalline Cu2Se using the chemical vapor deposition method. We demonstrate that Cu2Se crystals exhibit optically and electrically controllable robust phase reconfiguration below 414 K. Moreover, our results show that the mobility of the liquid-like Cu ion vacancies in Cu2Se causes macroscopic fluctuations in the Cu ordering. Consequently, phase variations are not dictated by the diffusive motion of the ions but by the local energy minima formed due to the interplay between the extrinsic and the intrinsic material parameters. As a result, long-range ordering of the crystal below 414 K is optically observable at a micrometer scale. Our results show that Cu2Se could find applications beyond thermoelectric such as smart optical coatings, optoelectronic switching, and ionic transistors

The Emergence of Anisotropic Superconductivity in the Nodal-line Semi-metal TlTaSe2

TlTaSe2 is a non-centrosymmetric quasi-2D crystal semi-metal hosting nodal-line topological features protected by mirror-reflection symmetry. Here, we investigated the superconducting properties of TlTaSe2 using the first-principles anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory. The Fermi surface hosts well gapped multiband features contributed by the Ta 5d and Tl 6p orbitals. Moreso, anisotropic superconducting gaps were found to exist at 2.15 and 4.5 meV around the in-plane orbitals, coupling effectively with the in-plane phonons of the Ta and Tl atoms. Using the Allen-Dynes-modified McMillan formula, we found a superconducting transition temperature of 6.67 K, accompanied by a robust electron-phonon coupling constant {\lambda} of 0.970. This investigation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying anisotropic superconductivity in TlTaSe2.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Review: Healthcare Informatics , Nurses And Assistant, And Healthcare Management Responsibilities In Facilitating Obstacles Facing Patients Centred Care

Healthcare systems, organizations, and providers, including healthcare informatics, nurses, assistants, and healthcare administration, face the challenge of arranging patient care within limited resources. In order to effectively implement patient-centred care (PCC), it is necessary to remove any obstacles or hindrances that may arise. Thus far, there has been a dearth of thorough examinations on potential factors influencing patient-centered care (PCC) in diverse health and social care organizations (HSCOs). The findings underscored the patient\u27s uniqueness, cultural beliefs, comprehensive care, the significance of robust healthcare provider-patient connections, and a patient-focused setting. The nursing, administrative, and informatics staff regarded PCC as having a good impact on the quality of nursing care and the job satisfaction of nurses. The findings provide detailed insights into the viewpoints of nurse managers regarding patient-centeredness and identify specific areas that require improvement

Obstetric near-miss and maternal mortality in maternity university hospital, Damascus, Syria: a retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Investigating severe maternal morbidity (near-miss) is a newly recognised tool that identifies women at highest risk of maternal death and helps allocate resources especially in low income countries. This study aims to i. document the frequency and nature of maternal near-miss at hospital level in Damascus, Capital of Syria, ii. evaluate the level of care at maternal life-saving emergency services by comparatively analysing near-misses and maternal mortalities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Retrospective facility-based review of cases of near-miss and maternal mortality that took place in the years 2006-2007 at Damascus Maternity University Hospital, Syria. Near-miss cases were defined based on disease-specific criteria (Filippi 2005) including: haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, dystocia, infection and anaemia. Main outcomes included maternal mortality ratio (MMR), maternal near miss ratio (MNMR), mortality indices and proportion of near-miss cases and mortality cases to hospital admissions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 28 025 deliveries, 15 maternal deaths and 901 near-miss cases. The study showed a MNMR of 32.9/1000 live births, a MMR of 54.8/100 000 live births and a relatively low mortality index of 1.7%. Hypertensive disorders (52%) and haemorrhage (34%) were the top causes of near-misses. Late pregnancy haemorrhage was the leading cause of maternal mortality (60%) while sepsis had the highest mortality index (7.4%). Most cases (93%) were referred in critical conditions from other facilities; namely traditional birth attendants homes (67%), primary (5%) and secondary (10%) healthcare unites and private practices (11%). 26% of near-miss cases were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Near-miss analyses provide valuable information on obstetric care. The study highlights the need to improve antenatal care which would help early identification of high risk pregnancies. It also emphasises the importance of both: developing protocols to prevent/manage post-partum haemorrhage and training health care professionals to manage infrequent but fatal conditions like sepsis. An urgent review of the referral system and the emergency obstetric care in Syria is highly recommended.</p

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030