The Use of bubble nasal CPAP in the management of IRDS -A Case report and literature review

A one hour old baby boy presented to the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Shika, Zaria, on account of respiratory distress noticed from birth. He was a product of supervised pregnancy, delivered at 37 weeks gestation via emergency caeserien section performed due to severe pre eclampsia and fetal distress. APGAR scores were 2 and 7 at one and five minutes respectively.He weighed 1850 grams and was found to be dusky, inactive, hypothermic(T = 35.50C) and in severe respiratory distress (SPO2 ranged between 60 % and 72 %). He was tachypnoeic with respiratory rate persistently above 80 cycles/ min, and had reduced air entry in the mid and lower zonesof the lungs bilaterally with wide spread coarse crepitations. A diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia was entertained with differential diagnoses of pulmonary hypoplasia, hyaline membrane disease and group B streptococcal (GBS) pneumonia. He had a full sepsis screen including chest radiograph and was commenced on supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula, antibiotics and other supportive measures. The patient howevercontinued to have laboured breathing and subsequently had an apnoeic attack. He was resuscitated and commenced on bubble nasal CPAP. He did remarkably well and was weaned off CPAP after a total of 60 hours. A repeat chest radiograph showed remarkable aeration of the lungs asagainst an earlier one which showed a reticulogranular (ground glass) appearance. Key words: Neonates, Respiratory distress, Bubble nCpap, Downesscor

Finding banded patternsin large data set using segmentation

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Effects of Azadirachta indica Leaf Powder on some Biochemical Parameters of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

The study investigated the alterations in biochemical parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder during the short term experimental period in static renewable bioassay system. The fish with mean length and weight of 18.35 ± 0.60cm and 22.38 ± 1.25g respectively were exposed to 0.192, 0.096, 0.048 and 0.00mg/L concentrations of neem leaf powder for 14-day period. During the experimental period, some physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and total alkalinity were monitored weekly. At the end of the experimental period, the fish were sacrificed for the test of biochemical parameters that include: total protein, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid and creatinine in the serum, liver and kidney of the test fish in order to ascertain the effect of the plant on these biomarkers. As the concentrations of the plant leaf powder increased, the activities of serum total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine and glucose either significantly (p<0.05) or insignificantly (p>0.05) decreased. An increase in liver glucose and total protein were recorded while kidney total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides were also either significantly (p<0.05) or insignificantly (p>0.05) increased. However, kidney glucose decreased significantly (p<0.05) while liver cholesterol, creatinine and triglycerides insignificantly decreased. Therefore, it is an indication that the plant leaf powder has effect on the physiological activities of the test fish during the study period.Keywords: Health status, Neem leaf powder, Clarias gariepinus, Toxicity

Perceived Attributes of Diffusion of Innovation Theory as a Theoretical Framework for understanding the Non-Use of Digital Library Services

Rogers’s diffusion of innovation theory is one theoretical approach to understand how members of a social system can adopt an innovation. Certain attributes of the innovation itself may facilitate its adoption. This paper highlights the necessity of designing a Digital Library Service (DLS) in conformity with the attributes of Innovation. These attributes are: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. It further discussed previous studies that have used the theory of perceived attribute of innovation to conduct research on acceptance and rejection of an innovation in different fields and concluded that Digital Library Service designers who adopts the theory of the perceived attributes of innovation will understand why there is low or non-use of these services and help them in designing DLS that can easily be adopted by potential users

Road-side roasted plantain and maize in Zaria and environs: nutritional composition and heavy metal evaluation

This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality and heavy metal contamination of roasted and raw corn and plantain marketed in Zaria and its vicinity. Raw and roasted plantain and maize were obtained from three distinct areas of Zaria. The samples were air-dried and ground into powdered flour for analysis. Moisture content was lowest in roasted plantain (4.67±0.54%) and highest in raw maize (9.58±0.60%). Crude protein and crude fibre were most elevated in roasted maize samples (10.56±0.26, 3.22±0.13%, respectively) and lowest in raw plantain samples (8.62±0.37, 1.70±0.20%, respectively). Ash content was highest in raw plantain (3.28±0.16%) and lowest in roasted maize samples (2.00±0.26%). Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was significantly higher (P <0.05) in both raw (78.42±0.64%) and roasted plantain (78.63±1.14%). The mineral composition of roasted road-side plantain (Ca, 0.22±0.04; Ph, 0.11±0.03) and maize (Ca, 0.23±0.02; Ph, 0.22±0.00) reveal that calcium and phosphorus were found within the moderate limit adequate for human consumption. Based on the current study, raw and roasted plantain and maize across all the study locations were highly contaminated with Pb, Cr, and Cd, which may pose a public health concern

Unlocking Rural and Remote Coverage with Small Cells and Satellite

According to the Global System for Mobile Alliance (GSMA), in 2017, there were around 3.3 billion people connected to the mobile Internet. This represented an upward surge in global coverage compared to previous years. However, more than one billion people are still not covered by mobile broadband networks, representing what is termed “the coverage gap”. Uncovered populations typically live in rural locations with low population densities, low per-capita income levels and weak or non-existent enabling infrastructure, and thus, closing the mobile coverage gap seems to be more of an economic challenge, than a pure technical one. This paper presents an overview of the need for rural and remote coverage, both from an operator and consumer as well as government perspective. It then presents the major challenges, and necessary actions to be taken by industry, Government and other stake-holders to drive rural and remote coverage by significantly lowering the cost of network roll-out and increase incentives for such deployments. The paper therefore, presents a technical and business case for the use of “Small Cells” in conjunction with satellites with a view to opening up huge markets via collaboration between the mobile operators and satellite system owners, while offering significant improvements in the coverage and capacity needs of remote, rural or underserved end-users in a cost-effective and scalable manner. Detailed insights to these two technologies are presented, including the innovations to overcome technical and regulatory challenges. Lastly, some real-life deployments are given and the paper concludes with some recommendations for Government and network operators presente

Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From UTI Patients Attending some Selected Hospitals In Minna, Nigeria

Globally, urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in need of urgent clinical attention. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated. Standard microbiological techniques were used to conduct this study. A total of 170 catch midstream urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratories of 4 different hospitals (and samples from healthy individuals) were randomly collected for 5 months and examined for microbial growths. Female patients (65.9%) submitted more urine samples for UTI test than their male counterpart (34.1%). The age ranges of 21 -30 (26.5%) and 31 - 40 (25.3%) had the highest percentages of infection rate while those within the ages 1- 10 (3.5%) and ≥ 71 (2.3%) were the least infected. This study observed a prevalence of 23.5% of E. coli in Minna metropolis and a significant number (30%) of healthy individuals (HI) was observed to harbor the E. coli in their urine. The isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamicin (65%), Ofloxacin (65%), Tetracycline (62.5%), Cotrimoxazole (62.5%), and Streptomycin (57.5%). Mildly susceptible to Pefloxacin (37.5%), Chloramphenicol (37.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (35%). There were significant resistance to most of the beta-lactames tested [Cefuroxime (80%), Amoxicillin (42.5%), Augmentin (40), Cefotaxime (20%) and Ceftaxidime (7.5%)]. Two of the isolates were resistant to all the 13 antibiotics tested; 70% (28) of the isolates had multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) ≥0.3. Multidrug resistance was expressed in 37.5% of the isolates tested. The study showed a vast resistant pool in the environment. Only 25% of the E. coli isolated from the urine samples produced beta-lactamases phenotypically, most of which expressed resistance to more than 5 of the antibiotics tested and had MARI of ≥ 0.5. Further evaluation showed that 25% (10/40) of the E. coli isolated from the UTI patients in Minna, Nigeria, were ESBL- producers and could harbor one or two of the genes. TEM gene was expressed in 70% (7) of the isolates that produced ESBL phenotypically, 60% 6) harbored CTXM gene, 20% (2) had the OXA gene while none of the bacteria harbored the SHV gene. The study established a 5.9% ESBL prevalence among the E. coli isolated from UTI in the environment studied. This study established that E. coli is one of the prevalent bacteri urea majorly isolated from UTI patients in Minna. The prevalent E. coli are multidrug resistant and could harbor more than one ESBL gene . keywords: Escherichia coli, Minna, UTI, ESBL, Multidrug resistanc