HR performance within Saudi Arabian organisations : is the relationship between 'job security and ill-treatment' and job satisfaction moderated by organisational support : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Studies in Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

HR performance, particularly employees’ performance, has been well researched in Western countries. However, many Asian countries, including the region of the Arabic Gulf, are still under-researched in relation to this subject. This present study quantitatively investigated employees’ performance in one of the Gulf countries, Saudi Arabia. In addition, it took into consideration the religion (Islam) as well as the cultural characteristics that may affect performance in the workplace. Particularly, the type of society (collectivistic), losing face issue and power distance are the cultural characteristics discussed in this study. Furthermore, the study used four variables, which are considered important in relation to employees’ performance in the Saudi context: job security, ill-treatment (independent variables), perceived organisational support (POS) as a moderating variable and job satisfaction (dependent/outcome variable). The research question for this study is “Is the relationship between job security and ill-treatment, and job satisfaction, moderated by organisational support?” Previous research indicates that relationships between these variables vary in terms of how much they impact employees’ job satisfaction and, therefore, their performance. Some studies suggest that job security increases employees’ job satisfaction which can result in better performance. Others claim that ill-treatment can be a source of job dissatisfaction and lower the quality of job performance as ill-treatment impacts employees physically and psychologically. In addition, POS was found to have positive effects on job satisfaction as a higher level of support from organisations can lead to higher job satisfaction and performance. This cross-sectional, quantitative study used a questionnaire as the data collection method. Measurement scales used in the study were previously used in other studies, which strengthens the internal validity of this study. The 424 participants who completed the survey were Saudi employees who were required to have worked for at least six months for the same employer as full-time employees in Saudi Arabia. Results from this study suggest that, on an individual level, all three variables (job security, ill-treatment, POS) predicted job satisfaction in Saudi organisations. However, the regression analysis showed that job security had the biggest effect on job satisfaction followed by ill-treatment. Also, the moderation analysis revealed that the relationship between job security and job satisfaction was partially moderated by POS. However, POS did not appear to moderate the relationship between ill-treatment and job satisfaction

Pembentukan Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional: Kajian Terhadap Sekolah Menengah Di Malaysia (Creating a Professional Learning Community: a Study of Malaysian Secondary Schools)

This study examines the preliminary results of a 3-year research on creating communities of learners. !? provide findings from principals, secondary leaders and teachers at 50 schools in Malaysia. The professional learning community (PLC) questionnaires, developed by Huffman and Hipp (2003) was used to collect data. The results showed that (i) the school can be classified as "high-readiness" in all five dimensions of a PLC's. It is apparent that there was an emergent integration of the five dimensions (shared leadership, shared values and vision, collective learning and application of learning, shared personal practices and a supportive school culture), which is a clear indicator that i) the schools were further developing as professional learning communities, ii) leaderships in the schools was seen to be participatory, accepting input into decision making as well as promoting and nurturing leadership among teachers, and iii) the principals were clearly dominant as learners encouraging and promoting the schools as learning communities

Hubungan Islam Dan Yahudi Dalam Konteks Pluralisme Agama

The Relationship Between Islam and Judaism in the Context of Religious Pluralism. Religious pluralism has been an object of hot debates for decades, partly because of the recurring conflicts among different ‘religious' communities. The present writer attemps to analyze the relations between Islam and Judaism in the contexts of religious pluralism, applying in the main Qur'anic exegesis method. The choice is interesting not only because of the close relation between the two in the history of Abrahamic religions but also in the context of the seemingly endless Israeli-Pelestine. The author believes that the way people read their holy book could contribute significantly to the effort of building harmony and peace

An Imperfect Solution: The Due Process Case for Providing Court-Appointed Interpreters for Pro Se Plaintiffs

A federal law, the Court Interpreters Act, provides litigants with complimentary access to a qualified or professionally certified interpreter in actions instituted by the United States. The majority of pro se civil litigation in federal courts is initiated by the United States, and thus, those pro se litigants who speak little-to-no English need not pay for access to an exceptional interpreter. Indeed, federal courts offer interpreters proficient in a multitude of languages, and the courts work hard to ensure adequate interpretation in proceedings brought by the United States. However, those limited-English-proficient pro se plaintiffs initiating their own lawsuits face a steep climb to vindicate their private rights against nongovernmental defendants. Beyond the inherent challenges associated with filing and proceeding absent legal counsel, these litigants further proceed absent the language skills necessary to understand the meaning and effect of a court’s hearings. The Court Interpreters Act effectively ignores this class of litigants. While federal district judges have the power to appoint interpreters for civil litigants on a discretionary basis, district judges do not always exercise this power. Anything short of a mandate to provide interpretation services to the small group of non-English-speaking pro se plaintiffs overlooked by the Court Interpreters Act risks continued denial of their right of meaningful access to the courts. In this Comment, I argue that under both common sense and the procedural due process Mathews factors, language access is a material component of a litigant’s right to be heard. Our judicial system works hard to accommodate pro se litigants while also denying those pro se litigants who lack adequate English skills access to an interpreter. To remedy this flagrant unfairness, I propose that the Administrative Office of the United States Court should amend its Policy Guidance so that pro se plaintiffs pleading a colorable cause of action receive interpretation services as needed

Penerbitan Cek sebagai Alat Pembayaran dan Permasalahannya pada Lembaga Perbankan

As a financial institution that has a strategic role in the national economic growth, a bank should be managed professionally, rationally and accountably in addition to having strong commitment to protect its customers from any wrong doing. In order that banking system is sound, dynamic, profesional and accountable,banks should operate under several principles such as prudentiality, safety, profitability and efficiency

Characterizations on microencapsulated sunflower oil as self-healing agent using In situ polymerization method

This paper emphasizes the characterization on the microencapsulation of sunflower oil as self-healing agent. In-situ polymerization method mainly implicates in the microencapsulation process. The analysis of microencapsulated sunflower oil via prominent characterization of yield of microcapsules, microcapsules characteristics and Fourier Transmission Infa-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The prime optimization used was reaction time of microencapsulation process in the ranges of 2, 3 and 4 h. The higher reaction time of microencapsulation process resulted in a higher yield of microcapsules. The yield of microcapsules increases from 46 to 53% respectively by the increasing of reaction time from 2 to 4 h. The surface morphology study associating the diameter of microcapsules measured to analyse the prepared microcapsules. It was indicated that microcapsules were round in shape with smooth micro-surfaces. It was discovered that the diameter of microcapsules during microencapsulation process after 4 h reaction time was in average of 70.53 μm. This size was measured before filtering the microcapsules with solvent and dried in vacuum oven. Apparently, after filtering and drying stage, the diameter of microcapsules specifically identified under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showing the size of 2.33 μm may be due to the removing the suspended oil surrounded the microcapsules. Sunflower oil as core content and urea formaldehyde (UF) as shell of microcapsules demonstrated the proven chemical properties on characterization by FTIR with the stretching peak of 1537.99 - 1538.90 cm-1 (-H in -CH2), 1235.49 - 1238.77 cm-1 (C-O-C Vibrations at Ester) and 1017.65 - 1034.11 cm-1 (C-OH Stretching Vibrations). It was showed that sunflower oil can be considered as an alternative nature resource for self-healing agent in microencapsulation process. The characterization of microencapsulated sunflower oil using in-situ polymerization method showed that sunflower oil was viable self-healing agent to be encapsulated and incorporated in metal coating

Dialektika Bahasa dan Budaya (Analisis-sosiologis terhadap Karya Sastra Arab Periode Klasik)

Sociologically, literature can not be understood wholly and comprehensively if they are separated from the background of community. Becaouse between literature and the condition of author has dialectics relationship. It means that language can not appreared without contexs whice caused the expression of social-culture\u27s condition and a history of author\u27s background. Because, between language and culture have dialectica\u27s relationship, both of them can not be separate or language is aculture reflection and aculture phenomenon which language used

A novel Multi-permittivity Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Applications

In this paper, a novel multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband application is presented. The multi-permittivity cylinder is formed by combining two different permittivity material sectors in such a way that each sector (with constant permittivity) is 90 degree apart. A direct microstrip line coupling terminated with T-stub at the open end is used to excite the multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator. The angular position of the multi sector dielectric resonator with respect to the longitudinal axis of the microstrip line and length of the additional strip at the open end of the feeding circuit is key parameters for wideband operation of the antenna. By optimizing all parameters of the proposed antenna, wideband impedance bandwidth of 56% (12.1 GHz - 21.65 GHz) is achieved. The average gain of the antenna throughout the bandwidth is 5.9 dB with good radiation properties in both E-plane and H-plane. A well matched simulation and experimental results show that the antenna is suitable for wideband applications