Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Tuberculosis Screening Among Immigrant Plantation Workers in Sabah, Malaysia

Tuberculosis (TB) among immigrants has substantial contribution to the TB epidemiology in Sabah. This study aimed to determine the yield of screening for TB disease among immigrant plantation workers in Sabah, Malaysia. This was a prospective cohort study involving 482 legal immigrant workers aged 18 years and above, consented and available at study sites during the study period. Workers with previous history of TB or currently on TB treatment were excluded from participation. Symptom based questionnaire was administered along with both chest radiograph and sputum samples collection for symptomatics participants. Out of 482 plantation workers creened, there was no case of active TB detected among the 44 (9.1%) symptomatics participants. Finding of low TB yield in this study was rather unexpected but this indicates the real challenges for the local health authority to come out with more cost effective screening programs, including reducing stigma, in active TB screening among migrant population

A Study on Surface Roughness and Burr Formation of Al6061 with Different Spindle Speed and Federate for Small End Milling Cutter

This paper reports the results of experiments to investigate surface roughness and burr formation during the slot milling of Aluminum 6061. The experiment was carried out with small cutting tool diameter and several of spindles speed and federate. Generally, cutting parameters will influence on surface roughness and the formation of burrs in small slot milling operations. Although it is not possible to avoid burr formation by modifying the cutting parameters, the burr size can be reduced by selecting the appropriate values. The results showed that slot milling with cutting tool with diameter 2.0mm and 3.0mm have a similar behavior for surface roughness with respect to federate and spindle speed. The larger cutting tool diameter results in a larger burr formed. Burr height increased due to larger chip load as the spindle speed increased. It also shown that Burr-breakage type of burr more significant in cutting AL606

Investigation of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate (MRR) on Tool Steel Using Brass and Copper Electrode for Electrical Discharge Grinding (EDG) Process

This paper presents the investigation on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of tool steel machined with brass and copper electrode for Electrical Discharge Grinding (EDG) process. The machining parameter include pulse ON time, pulse OFF time, peak current and capacitance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Taguchi method is used to investigate the significant effect on the performance characteristic and the optimal cutting parameters of EDG. The result shows that, the surface roughness value when using of both tool materials are mostly influenced by pulse ON time and peak current. The capacitance parameter in both experiments was not giving any significant effect. The significant factors for the material removal rate due to the machining parameter are peak current parameter and ON time parameter but it also can increase the machining tim

Corrosion study of pipeline material for seabed sediment in tropical climate

Corrosive environments such as marine sediments can cause corrosion to steel pipelines at any time when certain conditions are met. Seabed sediment could cause severe corrosion damage due to its corrosiveness to the pipelines buried under it. Many consequences could take place in case if there is incident in oil/gas pipelines. Successfully identifying elements of corrosion in marine sediment would enhance the future of steel structure protection and monitoring systems. This article focuses on the behaviour of corrosion rate of steel located near shore environment and the aim is to determine the effect of sediment on corrosion of steel. To investigate that, simulated near shore sediment conditions have been used where the steel coupons buried in sediments which have different characteristics. Weight loss technique has been implemented to determine the weight loss rate of the steel specimens. Based on the results of this study, metal weight loss increases as the duration of exposure to seabed sediment environment become longer. The sea sediment simulated condition has given significant levels of corrosion. Conclusively, the corrosion rate of steel in seabed sediment located in tropical region is complicated and further studies are suggested

Tarekat Naqshabandiyyah Khalidiyyah in Malaysia: a Study on the Leadership of Haji Ishaq Bin Muhammad Arif

: The Tarekat Naqshabandiyyah Khalidiyyah lead by Haji Ishaq has many followers and is also known especially among other tarekat followers in Malaysia. This article is navigating through the leadership of Haji Ishaq Bin Muhammad Arif, the emergence of tarekat Naqshabandiyyah Khalidiyyah he lead and its evolution in Malaysia. Beside the data collected through the manuscript written by Haji Ishaq, his murids works were also studied. Field observations were also performed at several sites that are identified to be the centers of the movement. Also, some senior students of Haji Ishaq were interviewed to strengthen the arguments of the manuscript data. This study had discovered that tarekat Naqshabandiyyah Khalidiyyah lead by Haji Ishaq was large group with many followers, made up of diverse backgrounds, including academicians and professionals. The power of this group is reflected in the extensive network of centers that are located in several states in Malaysia