Structural Electrical and Magnetic Properties of La2/3ca1/3mno3 Perovskites With In, Ga And Al Substitution at Either La Or Ca Site

The structure, electrical and magnetic properties of colossal magnetoresistance material La2/3Cal13Mn0(3L CMO) substituted with In, Ga and A1 at both La and Ca site have been studied. Samples of (La1.,In,)2/~Cal/~MnO~(L ICMO), (Lal. ,GaX)2nCalnMnO3 (LGCMO), (Lal-,A1,)213Cal/3Mn03 (LACMO), La2n(Cal- ,InX)lmMn03 (LCIMO), Lazn(Cai-xGax)1/3Mn03 (LCGMO), Lam (Cal-,AlX)lnMnO3 (LCAMO) with x=O.O to 1.0 were prepared using solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns shows single phase pattern at low concentration with increasing intensity of secondary phases at high concentration of dopant. All samples except sample LICMO x=0.6, exhibit orthorhombic structure. Sample LICMO x=0.6 exhibits tetragonal structure. The AC susceptibility studies indicates LICMO, LGCMO, LACMO exhibit wide variety of magnetic phases. For LICMO, LACMO and LGCMO system, ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition are observed from the undoped sample x=O.O to 0.5,0.4 and 0.3 respectively. With further doping at La site, spin glass transition is observed followed by antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition with increasing dopant concentration. The Curie temperature, Tc decreases as indium, gallium and aluminum doping increases indicates weakening of ferromagnetic interactions, but the antiferromagnetic interactions is getting stronger with increasing dopant, resulting spin glass system and antiferromagnetism with further doping concentration. With In, Ga and Al substitution at the Ca site, all samples with the exception of LCIMO x=1 .O, exhibit ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition. For LCIMO sample x=1.0, AC susceptibility study indicates antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition. The electrical properties show the metal to insulator transition and this property is limited to certain doping level for both La and Ca site substitution, i.e. until x=0.9 for LICMO, x=0.8 for LGCMO, LACMO, LCIMO and LCGMO, and x=0.5 for LCAMO system. Beyond the specific doping level, the samples become insulator for La site substitution, and semiconducting behaviour for Ca site substitution. This phenomenon is due to the ionic size of dopant for La site substitution, and both ionic size of dopant and decreasing Ivln4+/Mn3+ra tio due to decreasing ca2+ ions. Fitting of adiabatic small polaron hopping model to high temperature ln(R/T), indicates the activation energies of all samples within range of 0.03eV to 0.17eV which is consistent with reported values in the literature,\ud confirming small polaron hopping activities beyond Tp. Magnetoresistance measurements show that magnetoresistance (MR) ratio is maximum at temperature close to Tp for all samples, and increases with increasing dopant concentration for La site substitution. However, for Ca site substitution, the magnetoresistance's maximum is not as high as La site substitution, and decreases with increasing dopant concentration for x > 0.3, because of the low ~ n ~ + / I v frnat~io+ t hat weakened the Zener double exchange interactions and thus the metallic conductivity and ferromagnetism. High MR values are 80% for LICMO sample x=0.4, 95% for LGCMO sample x=0.6 and 87% for LACMO sample x=0.2, compares to 40% of LCMO sample. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicate fused and denser grains for all samples. Large abnormal growth is seen only in LICMO for x=O.l and 0.2 samples and increasing level of porosity with increasing dopant is seen for LACMO, LCGMO and LCIMO samples. LICMO and LGCMO samples exhibit decreasing level of porosity with increasing substitution while LCAMO system has low level of porosity in all samples

Estimating cost savings through adoption of the best-practice technique: Evidence from the Malaysian manufacturing sector

By using the input-output approach, this article attempts to estimate costs of production by using the 1978 vintage and best-practiced techniques, based on the vintage hypothesis that as time progresses and price rises, adopting the best-practice technique will give more cost saving and use less amount of inputs for each unit of output produced, rather than the old techniques. This paper has identified three component production costs of vintage technology, domestic materials, imported input, and labour. It was found that costs of production for the best-practice technique are less than those of the older one (vintage), supporting the vintage hypothesis. Thus, there is a strong argument for the economy to adopt the best-practice technique because it is absolutely a considerable advantage in terms of saving in the per unit cost of production

Impact of Education Status, Religious Knowledge and Family Economy on the Practicing Prayer Students for Primary School in Setiu District, Terengganu Malaysia

Prayer is a religious pillar where prayer is the greatest of worship that brings the servant closer to his Lord and it is the steadfastness of the relationship of the creature and its creator. The sholat according to syarak is defined as a few words and deeds commenced with takbir and endorsed with greetings and with the conditions specified. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of educational status, religious knowledge and family economy on student prayer practice primary school in Setiu District. Total sample 175 secondary school students (level two) of the study. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS-AMOS (SEM) program version 21.0. The findings indicate that the educational status, religious knowledge, and family economy on student prayer practice primary school. Furthermore, Inference analysis findings also show educational status, religious knowledge and family economy, have a positive and significant influence on student prayer practice. This shows that family education, especially in religious knowledge and economic family, plays a role in the practice of prayer in primary schools. In conclusion, the implications of this research, the researchers are aware of the need for cooperation from the school to emphasize the students on the practice of prayer in their daily lives. Although the level of education and family economics is a factor in the practice of prayer in this study, the role of teachers helps to overcome them. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3467647 &nbsp

The impact of Malaysian industrial energy use in carbon dioxide emissions.

This study attempts to identify the impact of Malaysia economy on CO2 emission by analyzing the energy intensity and CO2 emission intensity. Environment issues such as global warming and climate change give the negative effects to the Mother Nature such as floods, landslides, erosion and extremely heat. Otherwise, there is positive effect to the economy subsequent to disaster through the substitution of capital. Moreover, the government policy seen recently in the 10th Malaysian Plan will highly promote to energy efficiency and focus on high value added sector that produce less CO2 emission. This study found that Transportation sector has produced the highest value added with the highest CO2 emission. The finding of this study will facilitate energy policy makers to investigate the sector contributed high CO2 emission, and encouraged the high value added (productivity) sectors that produce less CO2 emission. Moreover, it is very important because recently the government, economist and policy makers have discussed the best strategies to protect the environment particularly in regarding to reduce the CO2 emission. From the finding, in order to reduce CO2 emission, the energy intensive sectors will also have to reduce energy consumption by applying the energy efficiency technology less CO2 technique in the future

Level awareness among employer towards SOCSO’S benefit / Raja Ainur Zanariah Raja Chik Abdullah

The title of this study is level awareness among employers towards SOCSO benefit. SOCSO is provides social security protection to employees to reduce the sufferings and to provide financial guarantees and protection to the family. The Employees Social Security Act was first introduced in 1969 and it is applies throughout all of Malaysia in all industries including private sector. The Social Security Organization(SOCSO) has playing their role by provides protection to the injured employees and at the same time encouraging employer to provide safe and healthy working environment. Objective of this study are to seek a level awareness among employer towards SOCSO’S benefit, to determine the factor contribute most to the awareness, and to suggest an improvement in order to increase level of employer awareness. By doing this study, the tend to seek the level awareness among employer towards SOCSO ‘s benefit either they are aware or not aware. A sample of 50 respondents from a list of employer had been selected as a respondent. To obtain the information needed, the researcher will distributes a questionnaire to a respondent. Then the information will be gather and will be analyzed using a Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) software

Analysing CO2 emissions from transportation expenditures by Malaysian households

This study analyses the impact of Malaysian household consumption on the transportation sector regarding CO2 emissions by using the Hybrid Input Output Table from 1991, 2000, 2005 and 2010. Initially, this study calculates CO2 emissions intensity for every sector.Results show that the sector with the highest CO2 emission intensity was Transportation at 1.16 (T- CO2/M-MyR).By using the hybrid, I-O table, the average values of the total CO2 emission intensity caused by energy consumption in Malaysia were found to be 0.272 (T- CO2/M-MyR).Transportation sector contributed the relatively high level of consumption and produces the highest amount of CO2 emission in 1991, 2000, 2005 and 2010.Our analysis shows that continuously increasing consumption in the Transportation sector will continue to affect the environment. Thus, through encourage consumers to use hybrid or solar cars and the imposition of a carbon tax on old vehicles, owners will reduce their CO2 emissions.By imposing a carbon tax, motor vehicle owners will strive to reduce their CO2 emissions by consuming renewable energy or use energy saving techniques in their everyday lifestyle

Action research: student’s communication skill through peer learning method-(Regional Development - GMJT3124) Group B

The objective of this study is to enhance student’s communication skill through peer learning method for subject of GMJT3124 Regional Development Group B. Most of the students are reluctant because they feel that they will have difficulties to understand and communicate in English that will lead to insecure and tentative feeling.They are unable to compete internationally because of communication problems did not reach the levels required by employers. If this issue still continuing, a fresh graduate from local university will face a difficulties to obtain jobs in the future.This shows that students more comfortable communicating in their mother tongue or introverted to change during their time in university.This study applied observation and survey method to get information.The results of a two-way Anova Statistical test (Anova) show that there are statistically significant differences between dependent (Student’s Communication Skills) and independent variables (Student’s Group, Feeling and Support).It shown that the students are preferred to improve their communication skills in English

Study on Optical Properties of Tin Oxide Thin Film at Different Annealing Temperature

Tin Oxide (SnO2) thin film is one of the important transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and applied in various fields such as in solar cells, optoelectronic devices, heat mirror, gas sensors, etc due to its electrical and optical transparency in visible light spectrum. In this paper, we presented the optical properties of tin oxide thin film at four different annealing temperatures (373 K, 437 K, 573 K and 673 K) prepared by radio frequency sputtering technique. The optical characteristic of these films was investigated using the UV-VIS 3101-PC Spectrophotometer. From this study, all samples exhibit high transmittance more than 70% in the visible light spectrum. Sample annealed at 473 K shows the maximum transmittance which is 87%. Refractive index, n were in the range of 2.33 – 2.80 at = 550 nm and enhanced with the annealing temperature. However the extinction of coefficient, k was found to be very small. The optical band-edge absorption coefficients were found in the range of 104 – 105cm-1. The energy gap value was decreased with increasing annealing temperature and the type of photon transition was allowed direct transition

The importance of the agricultural sector to the Malaysian economy: analyses of inter-industry linkages

This paper assesses the importance of the agricultural sector to the economic growth in Malaysia. A hypothetical extraction method was used to quantify the relative strength of backward and forward linkages of the agricultural sector. For empirical analyses, we ran an extended input-output table that takes into account detailed agricultural sub-sectors. Findings suggested that the agricultural sector contributes mainly through forward linkages, implying that the output of this sector is demanded larger by other sectors, in particular the manufacturing sector as their input. Large-scale oil palm (estate and smallholdings) should be highlighted for growth policies due to strong pull effects on the rest of the economic sector

[MANIFESTATIONS OF MERCY IN THE SOCIAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE AND COMPARISON WITH WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS] مظاهر الرحمة في الحقوق الاجتماعية للمرأة من منظور إسلامي ومقارنتها بالحضارات الغربية

The study aimed to shed light on the manifestations of mercy in women's social rights in Islam and see the situation of women in ancient civilizations. This study belongs to the pattern of studies estimating the situation based on the analytical inductive approach. It is one of the most important methods of scientific research, and the inductive approach relies on scientific observation, whereby texts and opinions related to the social rights of women are traced and then analyzed and inferring aspects of mercy in them in order to reach a complete perception of this study. The results of the study showed that the Islamic religion is the only one that strengthened the position of women, honored them, and gave them all their rights completely in a way that suits her natural fit compared to the situation of women in other civilizations. The researcher concluded that compassion is a basic principle with all the meanings of charity and softness away from the hardship in our true religion. The features of mercy were represented by the woman’s sense of psychological comfort and her sense of being and existence, giving her the right to self-determination like the right to choose a husband. These rights are based on stability and harmony, which contribute to the family achieving its goals. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the definition of the landmarks of mercy in all areas related to women in our true religion, holding international conferences and symposia to be a tool for advocating the religion of God and working to make Muslim women aware of their rights and duties by educating spouses and everyone who is about to build a family in order to build informed and healthy Islamic societies, and activating the role of Muslim women and protecting their rights from being swept away in the current of Western culture                                                                                                              هدفت الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على مظاهر الرحمة  في الحقوق الاجتماعية المرأة في الإسلام والاطلاع على وضع المرأة في الحضارات القديمة، حيث تنتمي هذه الدراسة إلى نمط الدراسات تقدير الموقف بالاعتماد على المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، وهو منهج من أهم مناهج البحث العلمي، ويعتمد المنهج الاستقرائي على الملاحظة العلمية، حيث يتم تتبع النصوص والآراء المتعلقة بالحقوق الاجتماعية للمرأة ومن ثم تحليلها واستنتاج مظاهر الرحمة فيها للوصول إلى تصور كلي لهذه الدراسة، حيث أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الدين الإسلامي هو الوحيد الذي عزز مكانة المرأة وأكرمها وأعطاها كافة حقوقها غير منقوصة بما يلائم فطرتها الطبيعية مقارنة مع وضع المرأة في الحضارات الأخرى، وتوصلت الباحثة إلى أن  الرحمة هو مبدأ رئيس بكل ما تحتوي من معاني الإحسان واللين بعيدا عن المشقة في ديننا الحنيف، وتمثلت معالم الرحمة من خلال شعور المرأة بالراحة النفسية وإحساسها بكيانها ووجودها، وإعطائها الحق في تقرير مصيرها مثل الحق في اختيار الزوج، فهذه الحقوق تؤسس إلى الاستقرار والانسجام مما يساهم في تحقيق الأسرة لأهدافها، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من أبرزها التعريف بمعالم الرحمة في جميع المجالات والمتعلقة بالمرأة في ديننا الحنيف، وعقد المؤتمرات والندوات الدولية لتكـون أداة مـن أدوات الدعوة إلى دين الله والعمل على توعية المرأة المسلمة بحقوقها وواجباتها وذلك بتوعية الزوجين ولكل من هو مقبل على بناء أسرة من أجل بناء مجتمعات إسلامية واعية وصحية، وتفعيل دور المرأة المسلمة وحماية حقوقها من الانجراف في تـيار الثقافة الغربية