Karyotype of Malayan Gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) , Sahiwal-Fresien cattle and Gaur x cattle hybrids backcrosses.

Interspecific hybridization has been reported for a wide variety of vertebrate species either spontaneous or by organized crossing of bovine species. The hybrids were often carrying intermediate characters genetically and phenotypically of the parents. Thus, status information of both aspects is valuable in animal production for selection and breeding management. The Gaur-cattle hybrids was reported to be superior in production value compared to their parent cattle but fertility status was still questionable. The project was abandoned due to their fertility issue and the hybrids were kept within the cattle in a dairy farm. Cytogenetic status and breeding record of the remaining herd were unavailable since then. The herd was then translocated to a deer farm (PTH Lenggong) and kept freely in the paddock. Recently, two female calves were born via inter se mating. Peripheral blood cultures of Malayan Gaur, Sahiwal-Friesian cattle and Gaur x cattle hybrid backcrosses were analyzed via Giemsa stained metaphase. The Gaur and cattle were having diploid chromosome number (2n) of 56 and 60, respectively. Interestingly, the backcrosses from the hybrids by cattle bulls were found to have two chromosome arrangements, which are 2n = 58 and 2n = 60

Biomechanical analysis of posterior lumbar interbody aages

A popular yet effective surgical treatment used in medical field to treat degenerative disc disease related to low back pain is known as the lumbar interbody fusion procedure. One of the main aims of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), using cages or bone grafts are to provide stability during body movements and mechanical support between two vertebrae, maintain disc height and to help out with the fusion process. This procedure restores disc height, enlarges the stenotic foramen, stabilises the spine, and provides mechanical strength between vertebrae

Acoustic Analysis Using Symmetrised Implicit Midpoint Rule

In wave propagation phenomena, time-advancing numerical methods must accurately represent the amplitude and phase of the propagating waves. The acoustic waves are non-dispersive and non-dissipative. However, the standard schemes both retain dissipation and dispersion errors. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the dissipation, dispersion, accuracy, and stability of the Runge–Kutta method and derive a new scheme and algorithm that preserves the symmetry property. The symmetrised method is introduced in the time-of-finite-difference method  for solving problems in aeroacoustics. More efficient programming for solving acoustic problems in time and space, i.e. the IMR method for solving acoustic problems, an advection equation, compares the square-wave and step-wave Lax methods with symmetrised IMR (one-and two-step active). The results of conventional methods are usually unstable for hyperbolic problems. The forward time central space square equation is an unstable method with minimal usefulness, which can only study waves for short fractions of one oscillation period. Therefore, nonlinear instability and shock formation are controlled by numerical viscosities such as those discussed with the Lax method equation. The one- and two-step active symmetrised IMR methods are more efficient than the wave method

Design and Implementation of Multiplatform Indoor and Outdoor Tracking System

RFID berupaya mengatasi kekurangan GPS dalam persekitaran yang tertutup. Manakala, WSN mampu untuk memanjangkan jarak komunikasi antara dua nod sensor dan GSM boleh menyokong komunikasi WSN semasa gangguan rangkaian. Oleh itu, satu sistem baru platform pelbagai pengesanan dalaman dan luaran (ER2G) yang beroperasi pada frekuensi 2.4 GHz berdasarkan piawaian ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 diperkenalkan bagi mengatasi kekurangan setiap teknologi. Sistem ER2G dengan fungsi M2M menggunakan mod API untuk menghantar dan menerima data masa sebenar secara wayarles dan menyediakan pensuisan antara lokasi dalamanluaran dan platfom WSN-GSM. Semua ujikaji dijalankan dalam persekitaran sebenar sebagai POC dalam mencapai komunikasi M2M. Prestasi sistem ER2G dinilai dan dibandingkan dengan sistem RFID berdiri sendiri dan ERG, dan ianya didapati lebih cekap daripada dua sistem berkenaan. Sistem ER2G menyediakan perambatan isyarat LOS yang lebih baik daripada sistem RFID berdiri sendiri dengan 2.66 % dalaman dan 26.49 % luaran. Kadar pensuisan adalah 0.95 % dan 16.47 % lebih tinggi daripada sistem ERG dalam persekitaran dalaman dan luaran. Algoritma yang dicadangkan berdasarkan arahan permintaan AT menggunakan mod API berupaya menghantar dan menerima data dengan 10.11 % lebih cepat daripada mod AT. Purata masa pengumpulan tag bagi sistem ER2G untuk TTF dan RTF protokol adalah 14.29 % dan 7.14 % lebih tinggi daripada sistem RFID yang berdiri sendiri. Daya pemprosesan sistem RFID berdiri sendiri adalah 18.06 % lebih rendah daripada sistem ER2G untuk TTF, manakala 7.09 % lebih tinggi daripada sistem ER2G untuk RTF dalam persekitaran pelbagai hop dengan nisbah penghantaran 100 %. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RFID has the potential to address the inadequacy of GPS inside closed environment. While, WSN is capable to extend the communication range between two sensor nodes and GSM supports WSN during network disruptions. Therefore, a new multi-platform indoor and outdoor tracking (ER2G) system that operates at 2.4 GHz based on ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 standards is presented to overcome the disadvantages present in each technology. The ER2G system with M2M functionalities utilizes API mode to transmit and receive real time data wirelessly and provides switching between indoor-outdoor location and WSN-GSM platform. All tests are conducted in real environments as POC in achieving M2M communication. The performance of ER2G system is evaluated and compared with standalone RFID and ERG system, and it is found to be more efficient than both systems. The results indicate that the ER2G system provides better LOS signal propagation than the standalone RFID by 2.66 % indoor and 26.49 % outdoor. In addition, the switching rate between indoor and outdoor is faster than the ERG system by 0.95 % indoor and 16.47 % outdoor. The proposed algorithm based on AT command request using API mode is able to transmit and receive data by 10.11 % faster than the AT mode. The average tag collection times of ER2G system for TTF and RTF protocols are 14.29 % and 7.14 % respectively, which are higher than the standalone RFID. Furthermore, the average throughput of the standalone RFID is 18.06 % lower than ER2G system for TTF and 7.09 % higher than ER2G system for RTF in multi-hops environment with 100 % delivery ratio

Optimization of Tribological Performance of hBN/AL2O3 Nanoparticles as Engine Oil Additives

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal design parameters, and indicate which of these design parameters are statistically significant for obtaining a low Coefficient of Friction (COF) with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles, dispersed in conventional diesel engine oil (SAE 15W40). Design of Experiment (DOE) was constructed using the Taguchi method, which consists of L9 orthogonal arrays. Tribological testing was conducted using a four-ball tester according to ASTM standard D4172 procedures. From analysis of Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), COF and wear scar diameter reduced significantly by dispersing several concentrations of hBN nanoparticles in conventional diesel engine oil, compared to without nanoparticles and with Al2O3 nanoparticle additive. Contribution of 0.5 vol.% of hBN and 0.3 vol.% of oleic acid, as a surfactant, can be an optimal composition additive in conventional diesel engine oil, to obtain a lower COF. In addition, the predicted value of COF by utilizing the levels of the optimal design parameters (0.5 vol.% hBN, 0.3 vol.% surfactant), as made by the Taguchi optimization method, was consistent with the confirmation test (average value of COF = 0.07215), which fell within a 95% Confidence Interval (CI)

Gaya Dakwah Bil-Lisan Pendakwah Bebas di Instagram Melalui Video Pendek [Speaking Style of Freelance Preachers on Instagram Through Short Videos]

Ramai pendakwah mahupun pengguna media sosial memanfaatkan platform media sosial iaitu Facebook, Instagram dan TikTok untuk menyebarkan dakwah dan untuk tujuan bersosial. Pendekatan dakwah bil-lisan menjadi satu elemen yang penting dalam uslub penyampaian dakwah oleh pendakwah melalui video pendek. Dakwah bil-lisan merupakan satu pendekatan yang sering digunakan oleh pendakwah untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara pendakwah dan juga masyarakat. Pelbagai permasalahan yang pernah berlaku dalam gaya penyampaian dakwah oleh pendakwah seperti penggunaan bahasa yang tidak betul, mengelirukan masyarakat dengan ilmu yang mereka sendiri tidak mengetahuinya dan sebagainya. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji dakwah bil-lisan pendakwah bebas di Instagram melalui video pendek. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengadakan sesi temu bual bersama tiga orang informan yang telah dipilih. Penganalisisan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian dari kajian ini mendapati bahawa pendekatan dakwah bil-lisan lebih efektif disampaikan melalui video pendek, pendekatan dakwah bil-lisan yang digunakan oleh pendakwah dalam video pendek dan pendekatan video pendek berkesan untuk menyebarkan dakwah kepada masyarakat. Pendekatan dakwah yang sering digunakan oleh pendakwah adalah dengan menggunakan intonasi yang betul, menggunakan bahasa yang tegas dan lembut, menggunakan bahasa pujukan dan ajakan dan sebagainya. Justeru itu, kajian ini perlu diteruskan bagi menjamin keberlangsungan kegiatan dakwah supaya sentiasa berkembang dan diterima baik oleh masyarakat. Many preachers and social media users take advantage of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and TikTok to spread preaching and for socializing purposes. The oral da'wah approach becomes an important element in the method of da'wah delivery by preachers through short videos. Verbal preaching is an approach often used by preachers to facilitate communication between preachers and the community. Various problems that have occurred in the preaching style by preachers such as the use of incorrect language, confusing the community with knowledge that they themselves do not know and so on. Therefore, the objective of this study is to study the preaching of independent preachers on Instagram through short videos. This study uses a qualitative method by holding an interview session with three selected informants. Data analysis was done using a thematic analysis approach. The research findings from this study found that the oral preaching approach is more effective delivered through short videos, the oral preaching approach used by preachers in short videos and the short video approach is effective in spreading preaching to the community. The preaching approach often used by preachers is to use the right intonation, use firm and soft language, use the language of persuasion and invitation and so on. Therefore, this study needs to be continued to ensure the continuity of preaching activities so that they can always grow and be well received by the community

Stability of nano-oil by pH control in stationary conditions

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of nano-oil by pH control in stationary conditions. The nano-oil was prepared by dispersing an optimal composition of 0.5 vol.% 70 nm hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles in SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil by sonication technique. Hydrochloric (HCl) acid and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) were used as a dispersing agent to determine the stability of the dispersion. The dispersion stability was evaluated by using the sedimentation method with the help of Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. It was demonstrated that the suspension in the alkaline region with a pH value of 11 to 13 was stable over the period of 60 days

Optimized Nanolubricant for Friction Reduction

In Malaysia, capability of nanoparticles as lubricating oil additive to improve the performance of diesel engine oil has not yet been studied extensively. Therefore, this paper presents the experimental results for conventional diesel engine oil enriched with optimized nanoparticle

Flexible IGZO TFT Spice model and design of active strain-compensation circuits for bendable active matrix arrays

The detailed measurement and characterization of strain induced performance variations in flexible InGaZnO thinfilm transistors (TFTs) resulted in a Spice TFT model able to simulate tensile and compressive bending. This model was used to evaluate a new concept, namely the active compensation of strain induced performance variations in pixel driving circuits for bendable active matrix arrays. The designed circuits can compensate the mobility and threshold voltage shifts in IGZO TFTs induced by bending. In a single TFT, a drain current of 1 mA varies by 83 µA per percent of mechanical strain. The most effective compensation circuit design, comprising one additional TFT and two resistors, reduces the driving current variation to 1.1 µA per percent of strain. The compensation circuit requires no additional control signals, and increases the power consumption by only 235 µW (corresponds to 4.7 %). Finally, switching operation is possible for frequencies up to 200 kHz. This opens a way towards the fabrication of flexible displays with constant brightness even when bent